2018年高考英语一轮复习 话题语篇专攻练16 科普发明(一)外研版

话题语篇专攻练16

科普发明(一)

(建议用时40分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

(2017·洛阳模拟)

A man enters a store to buy milk. He walks out of the store with milk. That is all—milk. At the same time, a woman enters the same grocery store also to buy milk. She buys it. But, she also buys chicken and lemons to make dinner that night. She also gets a bottle of wine for drinks with friends and a birthday card for her husband’s niece. And that is the difference between the female and male brains simply explained in a grocery store. Generally speaking, men do one thing at a time. Women do many. Doing many things at one time is often called “multi-tasking”, a very popular word these days.

Now scientific research supports this theory about male and female brains. A recent study has confirmed what we have known all along—men and women think differently.

Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania studied brain images of 949 people aged from 8 to 22 years old. They found that male brains have more connections on one side of the brain, or hemisphere. In the female brain, they found more activity and connections between the right and left sides of the brain. The left side of the brain is known as the side of “reason”. The right hemisphere is known as the“creative”side.

Regina Verma is a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. She co-wrote the report. She says when women are asked to do something complicated they might use different parts of the brain. But men generally use just one.

As a result, men generally deal directly with a problem. There is a strong connection between the “understanding”and the “action”parts of their brains. Women, however, might include other parts of the brain, like the part connected with

“reason” and the part connected with sensitivity when solving a problem. Women take a less direct path to find a solution.

Thanks for your listening. I’m your announcer Anna Matteo.

【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类文章, 讲述了男女大脑的构造不同。生活中男性更加理性、单一而直接地执行某一任务, 而女性在同一时间习惯做很多事情。

1. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that women______.

A. are more hard-working than men

B. are more multi-tasking than men

C. are more careful than men

D. go shopping more than men

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段最后提到的Generally speaking, men do one thing at a time. Women do many. Doing many things at one time is often called “multi-tasking”. . . 可知B正确。

2. When asked to do something complicated, men______.

A. only use the “reason” side of the brain

B. only use the “creative” side of the brain

C. use different parts of the brain

D. use one part of the brain

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知选D。

3. The main purpose of the passage is to tell us______.

A. that men and women really think differently

B. who want to go shopping more, men or women

C. why women want to do many things at one time

D. that men and women all like to drink milk

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述男女大脑的不同导致行为的不同。

B

A Japanese telecom company has released a robot that it says has emotions. But rather than run in fear from it, we’ve welcomed it into our homes: Pepper, the “emotional robot”, sold out within a minute of going on sale.

Created by Aldebaran Robotics and Japanese mobile giant SoftBank, Pepper went

on sale to the general public in Japan on June 20. It is“the first humanoid(类人的)robot designed to live with humans, ”Aldebaran says on its website. Pepper costs about $1, 600. And like all good mobile products, the re’s a $120 per month data fee, as well as an $80 per month damage insurance fee. According to a news release, Pepper can pick up on human emotions and create his own using a“multi-layer neural network”. Pepper’s touch sensors and cameras are said to infl uence its mood, which is displayed on the tablet-sized screen on its chest.

Pepper will sigh when unhappy, and can go around your house recording your family’s daily activity. Aldebaran says Pepper can feel“joy, surprise, anger, doubt and sadness”, but it doesn’t say how strongly it can feel these emotions. What happens when Pepper is having a bad day? Will it, like many humans, become uncooperative? Will it ask for some time alone? What happens if it figures out that its purpose in life is just to engage in small talk? Thankfully, Pepper is only about four feet tall, with roller balls instead of legs, so if it is angry with and even turns on its owners, you’ll be safe if you can make it upstairs.

Aldebaran says in reality, they’re probably quite a few dec ades away from artificial intelligence that could generate real emotions. Aldebaran wasn’t immediately available for comment on when Pepper will be available outside of Japan, but additional sales are scheduled for July after the first 1, 000 units sell out. SoftBank currently uses the robots in its stores as greeters, and it plans to offer Pepper to other stores in the future. Hopefully“boredom”is not an emotion Pepper can feel.

【文章大意】本文介绍了日本的一家电信公司发布了一台“情感机器人”, 阐述了情感机器人的使用消费、功能以及未来的前景。

4. According to the author, Pepper______.

A. is very popular among customers

B. can not only run but also show fear

C. is going to be sold all over the world

D. can deal with many kinds of housework

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的Pepper, the“emotional robot”, sold out

within a minute of going on sale. 可知, Pepper非常受消费者欢迎。

5. How much do you need to pay for Pepper’s data fee and damage insurance fee each year?

A. 80 dollars.

B. 120 dollars.

C. 1, 440 dollars.

D. 2, 400 dollars.

【解析】选D。数字计算题。根据第二段中的. . . there’s a $120 per month data fee, as well as an $80 per month damage insurance fee. 可知, 每年用于Pepper的data fee and damage insurance fee为(120+80)×12=2400。故选D。

6. Pepper’s height and roller balls are m entioned to______.

A. introduce its appearance

B. tell us Pepper won’t get angry

C. show that safety isn’t a big issue

D. explain robots have strong emotions

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的. . . Pepper is only about four feet tall, with roller balls instead of legs, so if it is angry with and even turns on its owners, you’ll be safe if you can make it upstairs. 可知, 介绍Pepper的height and roller balls是为了表明安全不是大问题。故选C。

7. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Pepper cannot produce real emotions.

B. Pepper can feel joy, surprise and boredom.

C. Pepper will be sold in other countries next year.

D. Pepper is being used as waiters in some restaurants.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Aldebaran says in reality, they’re probably quite a few decades away from artificial intelligence that could generate real emotions. 可推断, Pepper现在不能产生真正的情感。故选A。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

Do you check your work emails when you’re on holiday? Do you call your__1__to ask what’s happening in the office even on 8 days off? To be__2__, I do. When I see no signal on my mobile phone in a shopping centre or no wi-fi by the beach, I get__3__. Yes, I’m__4__to work.

Technology fuels our need to stay__5__all the time. Portable gadgets__6__us to work from home, __7__from the nine-to-five routine endured by our parents. __8__they also make it more difficult for us to__9__and recharge our“batteries”. Indeed, not all__10__want us to be connected all the time. German car maker Daimler, __11__, has offered to automatically delete emails sent to employees while they’re__12__. The sender of the email receives a message asking him to get in__13__with another employee who’s on duty, or to re-send the message at a later date. The response to this service is basically__14__with 99% of the employees considering it“very good”.

Occupational p sychologists have been studying workers’inability to relax when__15__duty. They found a number of people were__16__because they were traveling with technology which allows them to remain connected with work all the time.

However, employers and employees alike are__17__that we’re more productive if we get the work-life balance right. An app to deal with this problem has been created. If you are worried about spending too much time on your smartphone, this app is to__18__your usage. The app__19__you if you go beyond a certain limit.

Perhaps we should all take some time out to consider__20__we’re addicted to work, or a ddicted to technology, or both. It’s good to switch off once in a while. 【文章大意】当代社会, 很多人对工作上瘾, 对一些现代科技上瘾。作者认为应该对这种现象做些改变, 并介绍了一款可以控制手机使用的程序。

1. A. colleagues B. relatives

C. parents

D. specialists

【解析】选A。背景常识题。询问办公室发生的事情当然是问同事而不是其他的人。

2. A. exact B. certain C. honest D. positive

【解析】选C。习语搭配题。说实话, 我是这样的。to be honest说实话。

3. A. excited B relaxed C. touched D. anxious

【解析】选D。词语辨析题。如果我发现在商城里手机没有信号, 或者在海滩上没有wi-fi, 我会很着急。anxious着急的。

4. A. blind B. addicted C. familiar D. similar

【解析】选B。词语辨析题。是的, 我对工作上瘾。下文提到了addicted这一单词。

5. A. devoted B. discouraged

C. connected

D. confused

【解析】选C。词语辨析题。科技让我们一直保持联系。devoted忠诚的; discouraged泄气的; connected有联系的; confused困惑的。

6. A. allow B. force C. persuade D. drive

【解析】选A。词语辨析题。便携式设备允许我们在家里办公, 这使我们免于父辈们朝九晚五的工作惯例的束缚。allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。

7. A. free B. absent C. tired D. far

【解析】选A。词语辨析题。free from免于。

8. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Instead D. However

【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。上句表达了便携设备的优势, 而下文则讲了它们的缺点, 故用however。

9. A. concentrate B. continue

C. relax

D. succeed

【解析】选C。词语辨析题。然而它们让我们很难放松并恢复精力。

10. A. friends B. employers

C. customers

D. assistants

【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。事实上, 并不是所有的雇主都希望我们一直保持联系。从下句中的car maker可知答案。

11. A. for example B. or rather

C. to make it worse

D. just in case

【解析】选A。词语辨析题。此处以“Daimler”为例。

12. A. in charge B. on holiday

C. within reach

D. at work

【解析】选B。词语辨析题。德国汽车制造商Daimler会主动删除发给在度假的员工的邮件。on holiday在度假, 符合语境。

13. A. touch B. trouble C. line D. effect

【解析】选A。词语搭配题。邮件发送者会收到要求其与值班员工联系的信息。get in touch with与……取得联系, 固定搭配。

14. A. special B. casual C. popular D. positive 【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。下文提到了99%的员工认为这一做法很好, 故对这一做法的反应是“积极的”。

15. A. on B. off C. with D. at

【解析】选B。习语搭配题。off duty歇班的时候。

16. A. cut off B. settled down

C. worn out

D. put away

【解析】选C。词语辨析题。他们发现很多人会筋疲力尽, 因为他们度假的时候携带着可以使自己与工作随时联系的设备。worn out筋疲力尽的。

17. A. pretending B. realizing

C. questioning

D. blaming

【解析】选B。词语辨析题。然而, 雇主和员工同样认识到如果工作和生活得到平衡, 那么我们的工作效率就会更高。

18. A. complete B. ruin C. control D. improve

【解析】选C。词语辨析题。如果你担心会在智能手机上花费太多时间, 这个应用程序会控制你的使用。

19. A. recognizes B. amuses

C. confirms

D. warns

【解析】选D。词语辨析题。如果你对手机的使用超出一定限制, 这个程序就会警告你。20. A. that B. whether C. when D. where

【解析】选B。词语辨析题。或许我们应该拿出些时间考虑一下我们是否对工作或科技上瘾。Ⅲ. 语法填空

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

What should you do if you are not able to sleep? The best thing is

to try to avoid bad habits. If you always go to bed and get up at about

the same time, this sets a 1._______ (health)rhythm in your life. Don’t

drink caffeine drinks in the evening which can also keep you awake. You

may have trouble 2. ________(sleep)if you have a heavy meal just before

you go to bed.

You may also find it difficult 3. ________(get)to sleep if you have a problem

or something else in your mind. This is 4. ________you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax 5. ________. Continue up the body, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are still tense. If you 6. ________(think)about a problem or about something exciting that is going to happen the next day, get up and write about it 7. ________

(quick). That will help to take it off your mind. You can also get up and read, but be sure to choose 8. ________book that is not too difficult. Otherwise, you may get so

9. ________(interest)that you won’t want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy.

Sleep well! Sweet 10. ________(dream)!

1. 【解析】healthy。考查形容词。空后是名词, 应用形容词修饰名词。

2. 【解析】sleeping。考查固定句型。have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难。

3. 【解析】to get。考查非谓语动词。根据句型find it +形容词+ to do sth. 判断填不定式。

4. 【解析】when。考查表语从句。空后的表语从句中缺少时间状语。因此填when。

5. 【解析】them。考查代词。根据前文的feet判断用them。

6. 【解析】are thinking/think。考查时态。根据空后的is going to和整个语境应填一般现在时或进行时。故填are thinking/think。

7. 【解析】quickly。考查副词。修饰动词write用副词。

8. 【解析】a。考查冠词。从后面的is可知: 选一本不太难的书。

9. 【解析】interested。考查词性转换。表示人的感受用interested。

10. 【解析】dreams。考查名词。dream是可数名词, 空前无限定词, 应用复数形式, 故填dreams。

①scientific research科学研究

②confirm v. 证实

③complicated adj.复杂的

④release v. 发布

⑤neural adj.神经的

⑥display v.展示; 陈列

⑦uncooperative adj.不合作的