2010年大学英语四级考试模拟试题第2期及答案

2010年大学英语四级考试模拟试题第2期Part I Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Psychological Problems for College Students”. You should write at least 120 words following the outl ine given below in Chinese:

1. 有些大学生存在心理问题；

2. 出现这种现象的原因；

3. 应对措施。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Depression

Depression is a common type of mental disorder — most people will be affected by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly. Confusion about depression is commonplace: for example, about what depression is and what makes it different from just feeling down. There is also confusion surrounding the many types of depression that people may experience. There have been so many terms used to describe this set of feelings we’ve all felt at one time or another in our lives, to one degree or another, that it is time to set the record straight.

1. Types of Depression

Depressive disorders come in different forms, just as other illnesses such as heart disease. This passage briefly describes three of the most common types of depressive disorders. However, within these types there are variations in the number of symptoms, their severity, and persistence.

Major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. Such a disabling episode of depression may occur only once but more commonly occurs several times in a lifetime.

A less severe type of depression, dysthymia, involves long-term, chronic symptoms that do not disable, but keep one from functioning well or from feeling good. Many people with dysthymia also experience major depressive episodes at some time in their lives.

Another type of depression is bipolar disorder, which is characterized by cycling mood changes: severe highs (mania) and lows (depression). Sometimes the mood switches are dramatic and rapid, but most often they are gradual. When in the depressed cycle, an individual can have any or all of the symptoms of a depressive disorder. When in the manic cycle, the individual may be overactive, over-talkative, and have a

great deal of energy. Mania often affects thinking, judgment, and social behavior in ways that cause serious

problems and embarrassment. For example, the individual in a manic phase may feel elated and full of grand

schemes that might range from unwise business decisions to romantic sprees.

2. Symptoms of Depression

Depression is characterized by a number of common symptoms. Not everyone who is depressed or manic experiences every symptom. Some people experience a few symptoms, some many. Severity of symptoms varies with individuals and also varies over time.

●Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty”mood

●Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism

●Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness

●Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed

●Decreased energy, fatigue, being “slowed down”

●Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions

●Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping

●Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain

●Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts

●Restlessness, irritability

●Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain

3. Risk Factors of Depression

While depression can strike anyone at any time, research has identified several factors associated with an increased risk for depression:

Family History — Having an immediate family member with depression increases the risk of developing depression. Other mental illnesses, such as alcoholism in family members, can also increase the risk for depression.

Early Childhood Experience — Early childhood trauma, such as loss of a parent before adolescence, child neglect, physical, emotional abuse, and parental divorce are all linked to increased risk for adult depression.

Stress — Negative life events, such as divorce, loss of a loved one or loss of employment are associated with increased depression. Research shows that chronic stresses (such as illness, lack of social support and numerous “daily hassles”) are also linked to depression.

Alcohol — Depression and alcoholism is often seen in the same patients at the same time. Alcohol is a depressant drug and its presence in a depressed person has serious implications for treatment outcome.

Residence — Depression seems to be higher in urban residents than in rural residents. In fact, one study found that depression was twice as common among city dwellers as among those who lived in rural areas.

Marital Status — Depression is highest among divorced, separated, or co-habitating people. It is lowest among single and married people. People living alone have higher rates of depression than those living with others do.

Work Status — Research shows that people unemployed for six months or more in the last five years had a rate of depression three times that of the general population.

Physical Illness — Certain physical illnesses are associated with depression, such as thyroid disorder, hormonal imbalances, chronic viral infections, cancer and heart diseases.

Gender — It is estimated that one out of every four women and one out of every ten men experience some type of depression during their lifetime. While women suffer from depression more often and attempt suicide more frequently, men are more successful in their suicide attempts. Women also suffer from unique forms of depression related to their unique biology and life experiences.

Age — Most people experience their first episode of depression between the ages of 20 and 40. In fact, the average age of onset of depression is the mid-20s. Alarmingly, recent research shows that the average age of onset is decreasing with each generation. Children, adolescents and elderly persons often display unique symptoms of depression and have specific stressful events that predispose them to depression.

Ethnic and cultural groups — The World Health Organization named depression the fourth most devastating illness in the world today and predicted that it would become the second ranked illness by 2020. No ethnic or cultural group is immune. While depression occurs at about the same rate in different groups, ethnic and cultural differences often impact the ways in which their members express their feelings and their willingness to seek treatment.

Tobacco — Increased tobacco use has been noted in depressed persons and individuals with underlying or current depressive symptoms are likely to experience mood disturbances when they attempt to quit.

4. Treatments for Depression

Fortunately, there are many effective treatment options for depression. To be most effective, treatment should be specifically tailored to each individual. That is why a detailed interview by a mental health professional is extremely valuable. Established treatments for depression may include:

●antidepressant medications

●psychotherapy (also known as “talk therapy”or “counseling”)

All of these treatments have been shown to treat depression successfully. The choice of treatment will be determined by several factors, including the type and severity of depression, by previous treatment history, and patient preference. A combination of medications and psychotherapy is used to treat most patients, although mild forms of depression may be treated with psychotherapy alone.

Effective treatment is based on an accurate assessment, which identifies the causes of depression in any person. Usually depression is a result of biological, psychological and social factors, and an effective treatment plan is one that identifies all of these and develops strategies to reduce their frequency and intensity.

1. How will depression affect the majority of people?

A) Directly. B) Indirectly.

C) Both directly and indirectly.

D) Either directly or indirectly.

2. How many common types of depression are discussed in this passage?

A) Two. B) Three.

C) Four. D) Five.

3. Bipolar disorder is characterized by ____________.

A) a combination of symptoms

B) long-term symptoms

C) cycling mood changes

D) serious problems and embarrassment

4. Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment might include _____________.

A) feeling pessimistic B) failure to concentrate

C) sleeplessness D) indigestion

5. What kind of people are the least likely to suffer from depression?

A) Married people.B) Separated people.

C) Co-habitating people. D) Divorced people.

6. What percentage of women might suffer from depression during their lifetime?

A) 10%. B) 25%. C) 40%. D) 45%.

7. The World Health Organization predicts that depression will ____________ by 2020.

A) become the fourth most devastating illness

B) rank as one of the top two illnesses

C) spread among all people

D) be cured in some countries

8. While depression occurs at about the same rate in different groups, _________ differences often impact the ways in which their members express their feelings and their willingness to seek treatment.

9. There are established treatments for depression, including _____________ and psychotherapy.

10. An effective treatment plan for depression should identify the symptoms and develop strategies to reduce their ____________.

Part III Listening Comprehension

(35 minutes)

■Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.

11. A) The dress is ugly.

B) The dress is cheap.

C) The dress isn’t a real bargain.

D) The dress doesn’t suit the woman.

12. A) At 11:52. B) At 11:10.

C) At 11:50. D) At 11:48.

13. A) She prefers to live in the countryside.

B) She doesn’t like the people in cities.

C) She wants to move to the city.

D) She plans to go to work by car.

14. A) At a drugstore. B) At a bookstore.

C) At a booking office. D) At a grocery.

15. A) An architect. B) An accountant.

C) A doctor. D) A teacher.

16. A) John’s notes are not complete.

B) John’s handwriting is bad.

C) John’s notes are useless.

D) John’s notes are full of mistakes.

17. A) The man doesn’t like entertainment.

B) The man lives close to a train station.

C) The woman can’t bear any noise.

D) The woman wants to buy an apartment.

18. A) He doesn’t like dessert very much.

B) He will have some chocolate cake.

C) He will go to visit his doctor.

D) He wants to stay fit.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) To talk to Sandra.

B) To cancel her appointment.

C) To make an appointment.

D) To invite Sandra to a party.

20. A) Design her hair by herself.

B) Have her hair done by Betty.

C) Make an appointment with Sandra.

D) Go to another hair salon.

21. A) Have her hair cut.B) Go to visit Sandra.

C) See a gentleman. D) Attend a party.

22. A) Happy. B) Worried.

C) Angry. D) Disappointed.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) General Electric. B) General Motors.

C) United Motors. D) United Electric.

24. A) Her mother taught her.

B) She learned it in college.

C) She learned it from her work.

D) She lived in Japan for three years.

25. A) She wants to earn more money.

B) She wants to learn foreign languages.

C) She wants more opportunities for advancement.

D) She wants to do business in Asia.

■Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) It can change the earth of the grassland.

B) It can cut down the growth rate of weeds.

C) It can offer natural fertilizers to the grass.

D) It can keep the grassland in good condition.

27. A) When the grass is less than five centimeters high.

B) When the grass is about ten centimeters high.

C) When the grass is more than fifteen centimeters high.

D) When the grass is less than fifteen centimeters high.

28. A) They need electric fences and watering places.

B) They need paddocks and special grazing areas.

C) They need water supplies and strong fences.

D) They need stronger fences and guard animals.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Her daughter.

B) Harold “Matt” Matson.

C) Her husband.

D) A German doll.

30. A) About three hundred dollars.

B) More than twenty-seven thousand dollars.

C) No more than ten thousand dollars.

D) About twenty thousand dollars.

31. A) He thinks Barbies are harmful to people’s health.

B) He thinks Barbies make girls pay less attention to their studies.

C) He thinks Saudi Arabia is a good example.

D) He thinks Barbies make girls care about their appearance too much.

32. A) Supportive. B) Opposed.

C) Indifferent. D) Neutral.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) The student gets three points.

B) The student gets one point.

C) The student gets four points.

D) The student fails in the course.

34. A) It gives students detailed evaluations instead of letter grades.

B) It is a private four-year college established in 1967.

C) It has a large number of students but no overseas students now.

D) It adopts the evaluations written by the professors only.

35. A) She thinks they are a good way to evaluate students.

B) She doesn’t think they provide good direction for students.

C) She thinks they will be replaced by a new evaluation system.

D) She thinks they will be changed by the American university system.

■Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Many people want to know if there is a state religion in the United States. The answer is no and the

reason goes back to the early days of America’s history.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, many (36) _______ moved to colonial America in part to (37) _________ religious oppression. Thomas Jefferson and other early American leaders (38) ________ designed a national government that had no (39) ______ religion. They wanted to build a country that included many religions, where citizens were free to follow their own (40) __________.

The First Amendment of the Constitution supports religious (41) ________ and places religion outside the reach of the government. This idea is often described as “the (42) ________ of church and state”.

How the First Amendment (43) __________ to life in America has often been disputed. There is deep opposition between people (44)_______________________________ ____________________________.

The church and state debate is still going on today. For some people, polic ies about stem-cell research, same-sex marriage and abortion rights threaten religious beliefs. (45)

___________________________________________.

Even though there is no state religion in America, there is a large, beautiful religious center in the nation’s capital called the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. But an official says the church calls itself the Washington National Cathedral because (46)_____________________

____________________________.

Part IV

Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

(25 minutes)

■Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Data from the Chandrayaan-1 (印度“月球初航1号”) spacecraft suggests water is still being formed on its surface. It is believed that the water is 47 at the poles and possibly formed by the solar wind. The finding was made after researchers examined data from three separate 48 to the moon. The reports show that the water may be moving around, forming and reforming as particles become 49 up in the dust on the surface of the moon.

Dr. Mylswamy Annadurai, the mission’s project director at the Indian Space Research Organisation in Bangalore, told The Times, “It’s very 50 . This was one of the main objectives of Chandrayaan-1, to find evidence of water on the moon.” The unmanned craft was 51 with NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper (美国航天局设计的月球矿物绘图仪，简称M3), designed 52 to search for water by picking up the electromagnetic radiation sent out by minerals. The M3 was designed to search for water by 53 the electromagnetic radiation given off by different minerals on and just below the surface of the moon. Unlike previous equipment, it was 54 enough to detect the existence of small amounts of water.

Carle Pieters of Brown University in Rhode Island and his colleagues 55 data from Chandrayaan-1 and found spectrographic (光谱的) evidence of water. The water seems thicker closer to the poles, they reported. “When we say ‘water on the moon’, we are not talking about lakes or oceans. Water on the moon means molecules of water and hydroxyl (hydrogen and oxygen) that 56 with molecules of rock and dust specifically in the top millimeters of the moon’s surface,” Pieters said in a statement. Scientists said the breakthrough would change the face of lunar exploration.

A) specifically I) concentrated

B) detecting J) sensitive

C) occasionally K) reviewed

D) decisions L) satisfying

E) missions M) divided

F) interact N) equipped

G) disappointing O) mixed

H) sensible

■Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Feeding 30 million schoolchildren is a difficult task. As a result, many of today’s school cafeteria offerings end up as appealing as a tray of lukewarm airplane food. And if there’s one point of agreement on the state of school lunches, it’s that local school districts and the federal government are over-tasked. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National School Lunch Program (NSLP) helps feed millions of American schoolchildren. Critics charge that the program is under-funded and misspends money on meals that are overly processed, too rich in fat and not nutritious. The challenge is how to change this on a national and local level.

Help has historically trickled in courtesy of local entrepreneurs and nearby natural-food advocates who supplied some schools with organic and farm-fresh foods. Now, a new campaign supported by national corporations hopes to make more sweeping changes across the country. Whole Foods and a loose coalition of organic-food manufacturers and advocates say that creating a healthier national food policy is the start. Last August, Whole Foods launched a fund-raising campaign to reform the country’s school lunch programs and has so far raised more than $440,000 that will support an online effort to help school districts create healthy and affordable meal options. According to the supermarket chain’s chief operating officer Walter Robb, some of that money will also help raise awareness about the Child Nutrition Act (CAN).

CAN determines school food policy and financial resources as well as funds the NSLP. Advocates for healthier lunches say that the Nutrition Act will be reauthorized by the president and Congress. School lunch programs now get $9.3 billion in federal funding, or about $2.68 for each eligible child. Subtract labor and other administrative costs and some child-nutrition advocates estimate that only $1 goes toward food. That’s not enough, said Robb. “It’s a Sisyphean situation. We’re at a tipping point. We need to raise exposure and do something right now.”

For Ann Cooper, the former director of nutrition services for California’s Berkley Unified School District, help from either the public or private sector is much needed. Cooper, a chef and author, created https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd7377582.html,, funded b y Whole Foods. The site’s mission is “to help your community transition step by step to a school program that will improve the health and well-being of our children”. It features recipes for schools, information about food safety, and promotes community ac tivism. “I hope we’re building a trend,” Cooper said of her partnership with Whole Foods. “More companies are doing this. Maybe it’s part altruistic, part capitalistic. But if a company can make money feeding kids and make them healthier, that’s the bottom

line.”

57. From the first paragraph, what can we learn about today’s school cafeteria offerings?

A) They are good but not adequate.

B) They are not healthy enough.

C) They are rich in fat and protein.

D) They are the same as those on airplanes.

58. The u nderlined word “coalition” in the second paragraph means “_________”.

A) a union of two political parties

B) a combination of different parts

C) a group of people who join together

D) a kind of movement

59. The money raised by Whole Foods will be primarily used to ____________.

A) carry out school food policies

B) make people better aware of CAN

C) launch a campaign about healthy food

D) help school districts provide better food

60. What does the underlined sentence “It’s a Sisyphean situation.” in the th ird paragraph mean?

A) A situation that is satisfactory and should be maintained.

B) A situation that hasn’t been changed much.

C) A situation that is stable and should be improved gradually.

D) A situation that is worse than before and cannot be changed.

61. Which of the following descriptions of Ann Cooper is correct?

A) She is a teacher at the Children’s Nutrition School.

B) She has many recipes for delicious food.

C) She created a website to help school lunch programs.

D) She is a community volunteer helping children.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

The UN has declared 2010 the International Year of Biodiversity. In October, scientists and politicians will meet in Japan to assess progress towards the targets under The Convention on Biological Diversity, confirmed at the 2002 Johannesburg summit in South Africa. The bad news is that the chances of meeting those targets are extremely low. Most indicators suggest that the rate of biodiversity loss is increasing, not slowing. It is clear that we need to redouble our efforts.

This has to be done in two ways: by improving scientific understanding of what is happening to the world’s biodiversity, and by ensuring that this understanding is conveyed to as wide an audience as pos sible. Both are difficult but essential — and fortunately both are doable.

On the first front, we need to know in as much detail as possible what has happened to biodiversity over the recent past (the 300 or so years since the revolutions in industrializat ion and agriculture had a major impact on the world) so we can better measure current rates of biodiversity loss. Only when we have a validated rate of past decline can we assess the effects of conservation efforts.

We also need to be creative about where we look for that evidence. Monitoring programs show evidence of changes in one place over a few years or decades, but they are already being made more difficult by the

impact climate change is having on the distribution of organisms — and thus on biodiversity — at any particular place on the planet.

When it comes to longer-term changes, monitoring clearly cannot help. This is where scientific collections such as those in natural history museums and herbaria can make a unique contribution. These vast, painstakingly assembled collections of animals and plants are more than mere relics: they offer snapshots of past biodiversity. The collections held in institutions like the Natural History Museum in London can make an important contribution by providing data that will help us all to assess long-term changes in biodiversity.

But assessing the changes is clearly not enough on its own. Action to foster biodiversity is urgently needed, and that requires politicians — and thus the wider public — to understand the significance of the changes taking place. This can be a complex message to communicate. The issue is not whether it is worth conserving a charismatic mammal or whether it matters if a few nematodes become extinct: it needs to be far more widely understood that declines in individual species herald the decline of diversity in whole ecosystems, which, in turn, has implications for human survival.

62. The conference to be held in Japan aims to _________.

A) evaluate whether there has been any progress in protecting biodiversity

B) set up targets for biological diversity all over the world

C) increase biodiversity through various efforts in South Africa

D) call people’s attention to the rate of biodiversity loss

63. What greatly affected biological diversity over the recent past?

A) Climate change.

B) Man’s damage to the earth.

C) The industrial and agricultural revolutions.

D) Scientific research and progress.

64. The scientific collections of animals and plants provide _________.

A) great relics for visitors to appreciate

B) snapshots to show historical events

C) useful data to understand changes in biodiversity

D) rare evidence to prove their previous existence

65. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

A) The International Year of Biodiversity focuses our attention on the study of biodiversity.

B) Scientific ways should be used to slow down the rate of biodiversity loss.

C) Changes in biodiversity may endanger the existence of human beings.

D) The public should know more about the importance of biodiversity.

66. What is implied in the passage?

A) More efforts should be made to conserve biodiversity.

B) Monitoring programs have proved to be ineffective.

C) It is high time that we made efforts to foster biodiversity.

D) Building museums is an important way to save biodiversity.

Part V Cloze

(15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked

A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.

Where did all the jobs go? It has been a rough year for

67 all over the globe, but the outlook right now is 68 better in some countries than in others. The employment services firm Manpower’s 69 Global Employment Outlook Survey finds that in so me places 70 more businesses expect to be hiring than firing —71 in every single country the outlook is 72 optimistic than a year ago. To conduct the survey, Manpower polled human resources

73 at 72,000 companies in 35 countries.

It 74 what percentage of them expected to be hiring in the

75 , between October and December of 2009, what percentage expected to be firing, and then tallied up the

76 as “net employment outlook”.

The big winners: India and Brazil — sort of. India has the best net employment outlook of all. Seasonally adjusted, it comes to +25%. However, that’s a(n) 77 from +39% in the fourth quarter of 2008. That’s a clear 78 that even in the strongest growth areas 79 isn’t back in full force. This was Ma npower’s first look at Brazil, but the country made a strong first 80 . The net employment outlook there came in at +21%. If you want the best shot at a job in Brazil, go for a services job 81 around Rio de Janeiro. The strongest 82 is services, and Rio is the most optimistic region.

Using seasonally adjusted data that was 83 , only two countries kept exactly even with their employment outlook from the fourth quarter of 2008: Italy and the U.K. Both expected and 84 to expect more firing than hiring. Italy is among the five countries with the most 85 outlooks. The five most optimistic countries, 86 the survey reveals, are all in Asia and Latin America. The five most pessimistic are all in Europe — except for Japan.

67. A) employment B) graduation

C) cooperation D) competition

68. A) fortunate B) fortunately

C) definite D) definitely

69. A) late B) later

C) latter D) latest

70. A) considerately B) considerably

C) constantly D) consistently

71. A) until B) unless

C) even though D) as if

72. A) more B) less

C) most D) least

73. A) professors B) professionals

C) amateurs D) employees

74. A) measured B) checked

C) confirmed D) doubted

75. A) month B) season

C) quarter D) year

76. A) result B) addition

C) similarity D) difference

77. A) decline B) increase

C) mission D) project

78. A) sign B) slogan

C) symbol D) signature

79. A) enthusiasm B) materialism

C) optimism D) pessimism

80. A) compression B) depression

C) oppression D) impression

81. A) somewhat B) somewhere

C) somehow D) someway

82. A) part B) sector

C) choice D) party

83. A) available B) acceptable

C) agreeable D) adjustable

84. A) stop B) agree

C) refuse D) continue

85. A) positive B) negative

C) neutral D) natural

86. A) as B) since

C) so D) that

Part VI Translation

(5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87. After the earthquake, ______________________ (救援人员用了好几个小时才把幸存者从废墟中解救出来).

88. ________________________________ (鉴于商场最近发生的几起盗窃案), we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings.

89. The board of the company agreed that _____________

_____________________________ (从某种程度上来说，她对公司的破产负有责任).

90. She has great difficulty _________________________

______________________(应付经济上的窘困).

91. It is announced that ____________________________

__________________(这项研究为能够找到医治这种病的方法提供了可能).

2010年大学英语四级考试模拟试题参考答案第27期

发表日期：2010年3月22日年度：09-10 期刊：27 【编辑录入：ell】Part I Writing

One possible version:

Psychological Problems for College Students

Nowadays, psychological problems are becoming more and more common among college students, severely affecting their academic performance on campus, and even worse, their social performance in the future.

There are many reasons for this phenomenon. Some students are tortured by not getting along well with classmates or roommates; too often they try to solve the problems through violence, or by choosing to hide their emotions, which always leads to more serious psychological problems. Poverty can deprive students of their confidence, making them feel inferior to their peers. More often, pressure from their studies and job-hunting competition leads to all kinds of psychological problems.

Therefore, everybody concerned should make an effort to help students solve their mental problems. Colleges sometimes offer optional courses and establish campus counseling centers to help students. Parents and teachers should encourage them and help them to cultivate a positive attitude towards life. Most importantly, college students should be courageous enough to overcome difficulties and handle problems in their lives.

Part II Reading Comprehension

(Skimming and Scanning)

1. D)。根据第一段第一句中“... most people will be affected by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly.”可知，大多数人都会直接或间接地受到抑郁症的影响。

2. B)。根据第一个副标题下第一段第二句“This passage briefly describes three of the most common types of depressive disorders.”一句可知，本文主要讲述了三种常见的抑郁症类型。

3. C)。根据第一个副标题下第四段第一句“Another type of depression is bipolar disorder, which is characterized by cycling mood changes: severe highs (mania) and lows (depression). ”可知，bipolar disorder的特点是心情周期性变化：极度高亢与极度低落交替出现。

4. D)。根据第二个副标题下所列举的抑郁症的症状的最后一点“Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain”可知，此处讲的是无法治疗的顽固性症状如头痛、消化不良和慢性疼痛。

5. A)。根据第三个副标题下列举的可能造成抑郁症的原因的第六点“Marital Status —Depression is highest among divorced, separated, or co-habitating people. It is lowest among single and married people.”可知，婚姻状况——离婚、分居或同居的人患抑郁症的几率最高；而单身和已婚人士患抑郁症的几率最低。

6. B)。根据第三个副标题下列举的可能造成抑郁症的原因的第九点“Gender —It is estimated that one out of every four women and one out of every ten men experience some type of depression during their lifetime.”可知，性别——据估计每四个女性中有一个女性、每十个男性中有一个男性，一生中可能会患有某种抑郁症。

7. B)。根据第三个副标题下列举的可能造成抑郁症的原因的倒数第二点中“The World Health Organization named depression the fourth most devastating illness in the world today and predicted that it would become the second ranked illness by

2020.”可知，世界卫生组织将抑郁症列为世界第四大疾病，并预测到2020年抑郁症可能成为第二大疾病。

8. ethnic and cultural。根据第三个副标题下列举的可能造成抑郁症的原因的倒数第二点的最后一句“... ethnic and cultural differences often impact the ways in which their members express their feelings and their willingness to seek treatment.”可知，种族与文化差异常常影响该群体成员表达感情的方式，也影响他们寻求治疗的积极性。

9. antidepressant medications。根据第四个副标题下一段的“Established treatments for depression may include:

●antidepressant medications

●psychotherapy (also known as ‘talk therapy’or ‘counseling’) ”可知，治疗抑郁症的方法包括抗抑郁药物疗法和抗抑郁心理疗法。

10. frequency and intensity。根据第四个副标题最后一段最后一句“... an effective treatment plan is one that identifies all of these and develops strategies to reduce their frequency and intensity.”可知，有效的治疗方案应该考虑到所有这些因素并根据病人的实际情况制定出减少抑郁症患病频率和强度的策略。

Part III Listening Comprehension

11-15 CCADA 16-20 BDDCB

21-25 DABBC 26-30 BADDB

31-35 DADAB 36. Europeans

37. escape 38. purposely

39. established 40. beliefs

41. freedom 42. separation

43. applies

44. who support non-religious government policies and those who want religious values to be considered

45. Other people believe it is wrong to ban these practices because of religious beliefs

46. many services of national interest have been held here, including the funerals of three American presidents

Tape Script of Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.

11. W: Look at my new dress, honey. I bought it on sale, only $100! It’s a real bargain. Don’t you think so?

M: Well, it looks nice on you, but my colleague Anna bought the same thing for half the price.

Q: What does the man imply?

12. W: Excuse me, sir. Can you tell me when the next train leaves? I have just missed my 11:10 train to New York by two minutes.

M: According to the schedule, trains to New York leave every forty minutes.

Q: When will the next train to New York leave?

13. M: Susan, if I were you, I’d live in the city ins tead of traveling all the way to work by train.

W: But the country is peaceful and beautiful, and the people there are all friendly.

Q: What does the woman mean?

14. W: Hello, what can I do for you?

M: I need five boxes of pins, two dustbins and a dozen tubes of glue.

Q: Where does this conversation probably take place?

15. M: Margaret, what are you going to major in when you go to college?

W: My father wants me to be an accountant or a teacher, but I would prefer to design buildings.

Q: What does Margaret want to be?

16. M: I missed Professor Lee’s biology lecture yesterday, but luckily John lent me his notes!

W: Well, I hope you can make out his handwriting.

Q: What does the woman mean?

17. W: Sir, I saw your advertisement saying you have an apartment for sale. Can I take a look at it?

M: Sure, you’re welcome anytime by appointment, but I have to tell you that my apartment is near the entertainment center. If you want a peaceful environment, you might save the visit.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

18. W: I made a chocolate cake last night; I know that’s your favorite. Do you want some?

M: That’s really nice of you, but my doctor said I have to watch my weight.

Q: What do we know about the man?

Now you’ll hear two long conversations.

Conversation One

M: Good morning, Central Beauty Shop.

W: Good morning, I’d like to make an appointment with Sandra, for three o’clock this afternoon.

M: Let me see ..., oh, I’m sorry, Sandra is busy the whole afternoon. Can you make it another day?

W: No. I have a very important party to attend this evening. I must have my hair done before six. So how about 3:30 or 4:00?

M: Sorry, but she really has a full schedule for this afternoon.

W: Can you help rearrange her schedule and try to fit me in?

M: I am sorry, madam, b ut I really can’t help. You should have made the appointment in advance, especially with Sandra; you know she is very popular here.

W: I know, I know. But it is short notice for me, too. I really need your help.

M: Well, then, I suggest Betty. She is also a good hairdresser.

W: But Sandra always does my hair; she knows what I like and what style I should wear.

M: Many people say Betty can design the best style for every particular customer. Why don’t you give her a try?

W: But ..., well, maybe you are right. Why not? So, what time will she be available?

M: You are so lucky. One of her customers has just cancelled her appointment, so you can be here at 2:50. Is that OK for you?

W: That would be so nice! Thank you very much. You are so helpful.

M: It’s my ple asure!

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. Why does the woman make the call?

20. What does the man suggest the woman do?

21. What is the woman going to do this evening?

22. How does the woman feel in the end?

Conversation Two

M: Good morning. It’s Jennifer Green, isn’t it?

W: Yes. Nice to meet you!

M: Nice to meet you, too, Jennifer. I am Paul Goodman, the personnel manager of Victory Vehicle. We received your job resume last week, and I was impressed with you.

W: Thank you!

M: You are applying for the position of export sales representative, aren’t you?

W: Yes, I am.

M: And you have worked in international sales for years, haven’t you?

W: Yes, I have. I’ve been a sales representative in Asia, mostly in China.

M: For which company?

W: General Motors.

M: That’s a big company. How long have you been working there?

W: About 3 years.

M: Very impressive. So, can you speak Chinese?

W: Yes, my mother is Chinese and I can speak Chinese well. I can also speak Japanese, since I took a course in Japanese at college.

M: Excellent! We are a small company, so may I ask why you are interested in working for us, Jennifer?

W: I think that working in a smaller company offers more opportunities for advancement.

M: That’s good! We ll, why do you think you are the right candidate for this position?

W: As a sales representative, I have a lot of experience and I work hard. Besides, I am good with people!

M: Uh-hum, you might be just the right person we are looking for. I think that’s all I want to ask. We’ll let you know our decision as soon as possible.

W: Thank you very much!

M: You are welcome.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. Which company did Jennifer work for before?

24. Why can Jennifer speak Japanese?

25. Why does Jennifer want to work in a smaller company?

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

Passage One

Grasslands need time to rest when cattle and other animals feed on them. Moving animals from one area of pasture to another can provide the time needed for new growth. This is called rotational grazing.

Experts say rotational grazing is good for the land and the animals, and it can save money. This form of grazing can reduce the need for pesticide treatments by reducing the growth of weeds. And it can limit the need for chemical fertilizers by letting animal waste do the job of natural fertilizers. Rotational grazing can even help prevent wildfires by keeping grasslands in good condition.

Experts also say that while rotational grazing can save money over time, it also requires planning. And that starts with a good map to mark fences, water supplies and grazing areas.

Farmers may want to put up electric fences to enclose grazing areas, called paddocks. The paddocks will need water. Some farmers design a path for animals from different paddocks to drink from a common watering place.

Farmers can start rotational grazing by removing animals from a pasture when the grass is eaten to less than five centimeters. The pasture is then kept empty until the grass grows to more than fifteen centimeters high.

Experts say sheep and goats may require special preparations. They may need stronger fences than other animals. And while they eat the grass, they may need guard animals to protect them from animals that would like to eat them.

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. Why can rotational grazing reduce the need for pesticide treatments?

27. When should farmers remove animals from a rotational grazing pasture?

28. What special preparations do sheep and goats require with rotational grazing?

Passage Two

Last year was the 50th birthday of Barbie. The doll first appeared at the toy fair in New York on March 9th, 1959. Its creator was Ruth Handler, an American

busines swoman. She and her husband Elliott along with Harold “Matt” Matson started the toy company Mattel. She named the new doll after their daughter Barbara. She based the design on a German doll named Bild Lilli.

The first Barbie wore a black and white swimsuit and had her hair in a ponytail. She looked and seemed very grown up. Mattel sold 300,000 Barbie dolls in the first

year at a price of three dollars. Today, a fifty-year-old Barbie in good condition might cost more than $27,000.

Barbies are sold in 150 countries. Mattel says 90% of girls in the United States between the ages of three and ten own at least one Barbie doll and girls between the ages of three and six own an average of about twelve.

Barbie has faced critics. Some people say Barbie is an unhealthy role model for young girls. Saudi Arabia has banned Barbie dolls. And a lawmaker in the American state of West Virginia would like to do the same. He proposed banning sales of Barbie and other dolls that influence girls to put too much importance on physical beauty.

Robin Gerber disagrees. She wrote a book about Barbie. She points out dolls like scientist Barbie and race car driver Barbie. She says people who criticize Barbie should tell girls the story of the businesswoman who created her. She says Ruth Handler wanted the dolls to help girls think about what they wanted to do with their lives.

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. What did Ruth Handler base her design of Barbie on?

30. How much might a fifty-year-old Barbie cost now if it is in good condition?

31. Why did the lawmaker in West Virginia want to ban Barbie sales?

32. What is Robin Gerber’s attitude towards Barbies?

Passage Three

Most American colleges and universities use the grading system of A, B, C, D and F. An A is worth four points, a B three points, a C two points and a D one point. Getting a grade like a B-plus or a C-minus adds or subtracts a few tenths of a point. An F is a failing grade worth zero toward a student’s grade point average.

A small number of colleges reject the traditional grading system. The Evergreen State College, for example, was established in 1967 and has never used letter or number grades. Evergreen State is a public four-year college in the northwestern city of Olympia, Washington. It has more than 4,000 students, including 26 international students currently.

Evergreen State is organized into programs taught by teams of professors. Students are required to do a major research project at the end of each program. The professors write detailed evaluations of the students. These are combined with evaluations written by the students themselves.

The director of admissions, Doug Scrima, says employers and graduate schools like these evaluations, called narratives. He says they show more about the quality of the students’ work than traditional grades do.

Most teachers would probably agree that traditional grades are sometimes unfair. But professors at big schools say there is not enough time to write evaluations for each student in large classes which have hundreds of students.

Alverno College in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is a small woman school that does not use grades. Kathleen O’Brien is the chief academic officer. She says letter grades do not effectively document learning or provide good direction for students. But she says the American university system is not organized to accept this kind of change.

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. What does it mean if a student gets an “F”?

34. What do we know about Evergreen State College?

35. What does Kathleen O’Brien think about letter grades?

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Many people want to know if there is a state religion in the United States. The answer is no and the reason goes back to the early days of America’s history.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, many (36) Europeans moved to colonial America in part to (37) escape religious oppression. Thomas Jefferson and other early American leaders (38) purposely designed a national government that had no (39) established religion. They wanted to build a country that included many religions, where citizens were free to follow their own (40) beliefs.

The First Amendment of the Constitution supports religious (41) freedom and places religion outside the reach of the government. This idea is often described as “the (42) separation of church and state”.

How the First Amendment (43) applies to life in America has often been disputed. There is deep opposition between people (44) who support non-religious government policies and those who want religious values to be considered.

The church and state debate is still going on today. For some people, policies about stem- cell research, same-sex marriage and abortion rights threaten religious beliefs. (45) Other people believe it is wrong to ban these practices because of religious beliefs.

Even though there is no state religion in America, there is a large, beautiful religious center in the nation’s capital called the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. But an official says the church calls itself the Washington National Cathedral because (46) many services of national interest have been held there, including the funerals of three American presidents.

Part IV Reading Comprehension

(Reading in Depth)

Section A

47. I)。根据下文中的“and possibly formed by the solar wind”可知，and之前也应是被动结构，因此应当填入动词的过去分词形式，根据句子意思：水分聚集在月球两极，这可能是由太阳风形成的。

48. E)。根据此空前面的“three separate”可知，该空填写的是名词复数，且通过上下文可知是三次月球探索任务。

49. O)。根据下文的“up”和句意可以判断，此处考查的是短语“be / become mixed up”，意为“混合”。

50. L)。此空考查的是上下文逻辑上的衔接，根据“It’s very 50 .”可知，此空应填入形容词性质的词，结合上下文可知此处意为“这个发现令人满意”。

51. N)。根据此空前面的“was”和下文的“with ...”，不难判断出此处应该用短语“be equipped with”，意为“配备……”。

52. A)。由该空前面的“designed”一词可以判断该空格处应填入副词，因此答案限定在A)和C)两个选项中，specifically意为“专门地”，该句的意思是：月球矿物绘图仪是专门为了寻找水而设计的，故A)选项正确。

53. B)。根据前面的介词“by”可以判断出此空格须填入动词的ing形式，该句的意思是：月球矿物绘图仪通过探测月球表面和下层的不同矿物质释放出的电磁辐射来寻找水源，detect意为“探测”。

54. J)。根据该空格的前后结构“it was 54

enough to ...”，可知该空格应填入形容词，句子意思是：足够灵敏地探测出少量水分的存在；注意区分J)和H)两个选项，sensitive意为“灵敏的”，sensible 意为“明智的”。

55. K)。根据上下文可知该空格应填入动词，且与下文的“and found spectrographic evidence of water”构成并列结构，因此正确形式是动词的过去分词形式，句子意思是：Carle Pieters和同事重新研究了“月球飞船一号”的数据并且发现了月球上存在水的证据。注意：review一词多义“复习，回顾，评价，复查”。

56. F)。根据上下文可知此空格应填入动词，而且是原形形式，再根据之后的介词“with”不难判断出正确答案，interact with意为“与……相互作用”。

Section B

Passage One

57. B)。根据第一段倒数第二句“Critics charge that the program is under-funded and misspends money on meals that are overly processed, too rich in fat and not nutritious.”可知，学校的食物脂肪含量高，不够健康。

58. C)。根据第二段中含有画线单词的句子“Whole Foods and a loose coalition of organic-food manufacturers and advocates say that creating a healthier national food policy is the start.”可知，coalition是由manufacturers和advocates组成，可以判断出这个词应该是“结合体”或“同盟”的意思。

59. D)。注意题干中的“primarily”一词，强调主要的用途；根据第二段中的句子“... raised more than $440,000 that will support an online effort to help school districts create healthy and affordable meal options.”可知，这笔钱将用于网络援助，帮助学区生产健康且经济的食物以供学生选择。

60. B)。根据第三段画线句子前后的内容可知，school lunch program在解决学生就餐问题上所做的努力收效甚微，所以我们必须要采取行动。Sisyphean一词的意思是“永远做不完的,徒劳的”。

61. C)。根据最后一段第二句和第三句“Cooper, a chef and author, created https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd7377582.html,, funded by Whole Foods. The site’s mission is ‘to help your community transition step by step to a school program that will improve the health and well-being of our children’.”可知Cooper建立了https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd7377582.html,网站，该网站的任务是“帮助您的社区逐步建立起一种模式(计划)，通过这种模式(计划)改善孩子们的健康状况和福利”。

Passage Two

62. A)。根据第一段第二句中“In October, scientists and politicians will meet in