语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)

语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)
语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)

【考点五】语法考点归纳5(定语从句、名词性从句)

定语从句考点归纳

1.高考对定语从句的考查集中体现在关系词的选择上,包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词只有6个,即:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词只有3个,即:when,where,why。

2.选择关系代词和关系副词的方法:由于关系词既有连接作用又有替代作用和成分作用(引导定语从句并在从句中替代先行项/词而且还充当一定的成分),所以在选择关系词时有一个很简单的方法。把先行项/词还原到从句中,看看该用什么关系词来替代。例如:

I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 把先行词a scientist还原到从句中就是:the

scientist’s name is known all over the country 可见从句中缺定语,这里该填whose。又如:The school _____ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.

把先行词the school还原到从句中就构成这样一个简单句:I studied for two years in the school. “in the school”是一个表示地点的介词短语,在从句中作状语,要用where(=in which)来替代。

3.注意关系代词as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别:as引导的非限定性定语从句可以置于句首,而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于句中或句尾。

4.注意掌握只用关系代替that、只用关系代词which的常见的几种情况,以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

考点精析

1.关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词, 并在句中充当主语, 宾语, 定语等成分. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.

(1)Who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词, 在从句中所起的作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗? (who/that在从句中作主语)

Hs is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

(2)whose用来指人或物, 只用作定语, 若指物, 它还可以同of which.互换. 例如:

They rushed over to help the man shoes car had broken down.

那人的车坏了, 大家都跑过去帮忙

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

请递给我那本绿皮的.

(3)Which, that它们所代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词, 在从句中可作主语, 宾语等. 例如:

A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣. (Which/that在句中作宾语)

The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

你拿的包快散了(which/that在句中作宾语)

2.关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间. 地点或理由的名词, 在从句中作状语.

(1). When, there, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构, 因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用.

例如:

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.

Beijing is the where (in which) I was born.

北京是我的出生地.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

(2). that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间, 地点, 方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句, 在口语中that常被省略, 例如:

His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.

他父亲在他出身那年逝世了.

He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他40年前居住过的地方.

3.判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一: 用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词. 及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词. 例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you

方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主,谓,宾,定,状), 也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词.

例如:

(1)Is this museum ______you visited a few days ago?

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

(2). Is this the museum ______the exhibition was held.

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one

答案: (1) D (2) A

关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语, 定语, 宾语时, 选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词(where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语).

4.限制性和非限制性定语从句

(1). 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思

往往不明确: 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开, 例如:

This is the house which we bought last month.

这是我们上个月买的那栋房子(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这栋房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的(非限制性)

(2). 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的, 例如:

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理.史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师.

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年买的那栋房子带有个漂亮的花园

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍

5.介词+关系词

(1)介词后面的关系词不能生理.

(2)that前不能有介词.

(3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互

换.

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

(This is the house where I lived two years ago)

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

(Do you remember the day when you joined our club?)

6.as, which引导的非限制性定语从句

由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句, 相当于and this或and that. as引导的从句可放在主句的前面, which引导的从句只能放在主句的后面.

As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

Tom, as we know is from England.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

7.关系代词的that用法

(1)不用that的情况

1)在引导非限制性定语从句时:

2)介词后不能用.

例如:

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

1)在there be句型中, 只用that , 不用which.

2)在不定代词, 如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时, 只用that,

不用which.

3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时, 只用that

4)先行词为序数词, 数词, 形容词最高级时, 只用that

5)先行词既有人, 又有物时用that.

常用关系词列表:

名词性从句考点归纳

1.在句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句(the Noun Clause)。根据它们在句中所充当的成分不同,名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。

2.广东高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在连词的选择及各类名词性从句的应用上,注意掌握常见的从

属连词that、if、whether等的用法、常见的连接代词who、what、which、whoever等的用法以及常见的连接副词when、where、why、how等的用法。

3.几个要注意的问题:

A.同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别:

一方面从概念和功能上区别:名词性从句作同位语一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。主体词与同位语从句之间在逻辑上构成系表关系。而定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述它的性质或特征。另一方面,从连接词的作用上区别:在同位语从句中,that是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;

在定语从句中,that是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分(作主语或宾语),有具体的词义,作宾语时可以省略。试比较:

The plan t hat I’ll stay there for another week can’t come true. (同位语从句)

The plan that he raised was reasonable.(定语从句)

B.t hat与what的区别:

that在名词性从句中只起连接作用,不充当任何句子成分,因为关联词that之后是个完整的结构,而且that没有任何词汇意义;而名词性从句中的what集先行词与关系代词于一身,且本身有一定意义,不仅起连接作用,还要在其引导的从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如:

We all thought it a pity that he lost the good chance.

We must do what the boss told us to do.

C.w ho与whoever的区别:

who 是“谁”的意思,表疑问,whoever相当于anyone who,意为“任何人”。

Can you tell me who that gentleman is?

Whoever wants it may have it.

D.动词后的宾语从句中表达“是否”既可以用“if”也可以用“whether”,但引导同位语从句,表达“是否、是不是”只能用“whether”。另外介词后接宾语从句,表达“是否、是不是”只能用“whether”。

例如:

The question whether he will attend the meeting is not settled.

Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

考点精析

一.名词性从句的关联词有三类:

1.从属连词:that, whether, if

2.连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever

3.连接副词:when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however

关联词的用法可以简单地归纳为三句话:

(1)从句不缺成分用that

(2)从句缺少主语,宾语和表语,指物用what, which, whatever,指人用who/whom/whoever/whomever/whose.

(3)其他情况,句子中缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether, where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose)。

下面我们逐一分析这三句话的含意。

第一句话:从句不缺成分用that,例如:

1)My hope is that she will soon be well again.(表语从句:我的希望是她能很快康复。)

2)Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.(宾语从句:大家都希望她能很快康复。)

2)That she will soon be well again is our hope.(主语从句:她能很快康复是我们的希望。)

从上面三个句子可以看出:

1)名词性从句中的that只是起连接作用,不.充当任何成分,一定要与定语从句中的关系代词that相区别。

2)引导主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句的情况,that是可以省略的,引导是宾语从句。

第二句话:从句缺少主语宾语和表语,物用what,人用who/whom/whoever/whomever。这是名词性从句考试的重点,特别是what,这里的关键是否能辨认出句子的成分。例如:

______he needs is more time.(他需要的是更多的时间)

显然,主语从句中: he是主语,而谓语动词needs缺宾语,因此填what。

Tell us ______you saw and heard during your visit to that university.

同样,宾语从句中谓语动词saw和heard缺宾语,应填what。

This is not ______I want, 同样,表语从句中动词缺宾语,应填what

______some people are against is ______other people are for.

这是一个主语从句+表语从句的结构,介词against和for后面都没有宾语,无疑都应填what:一些人反对的就是其它人赞成的。

第三句话:其他情况,中文缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether,where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose), 例如:

I wonder whether he will come in such bad weather.

天气这么糟糕,不知他是否会来。

Who will give us a lecture is unknown.

谁给我们作报告还不知道。

I have no idea how he learned about it.

我不知道他是怎么得知的。

特殊句式考点归纳

1.特殊句式包括强调句、倒装句、省略句等。因为我们常见的句子多数是陈述句,所以当我们在分析句子结构时,如果发现很难弄清句子结构,就要考虑特殊句式。对特殊句式我们通常采用还原句子结构或补全句子结构的方法来分析句子。具体说来,强调句去掉结构词it is/was… that/who后句子结构就一目了然了;对于倒装句,我们把它还原成正常的语序,再来分析句子结构;对于省略句,我们把省略的部分补全后就很容易分析句子结构了。

2.掌握强调句的基本结构以及常见的完全倒装和部分倒装的几种情况,准确识别各种特殊句式。

3.在写作中若能恰当使用强调、倒装等特殊句式,会增加文章的色彩。

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有:when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换). 例如: Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:

初中中考英语关于定语从句考点难点总结

关于定语从句考点难点总结 1定语从句基本概念 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 2定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等。 关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 3定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。例如: Any manthat / who has a sense of dutywon’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。例如: The house,which we bought last month,is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的. 注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that。 4关系代词的用法 1.that that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。例如:Mary likes musicthat is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat(that)I put on the deskis blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which which 用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。例如: The buildingwhich stands near the train stationis a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film(which)we saw last nightwas wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who,whom who,whom 用于指人,who 用作主语和表语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如: The girlwho often helps me with my Englishis from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who 作主语) Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom 作宾语) 注意: (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom, that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the housein which we lived last year.

定语从句最全面的知识点整理

定语从句整理 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性 1.定语从句修饰先行词 2.关系代词:that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词:where, when, why 3.关系词在句中的作用1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分 4.关系代词在从句中做主语或者宾语; 5.关系副词做状语,相当于:介词+which。 when是时间状语,where是地点状语,一些特殊先行词后面也用where,比如 point, situation, part, condition,case 表示到了某种地步,某种程度也用where. * where和when都可以换成介词+which,但是不是所有介词+which都可以换成where或者when。 *不是所有介词都可以放在which或者whom前面,一些动词短语比如:look for, look after,take care of turn in, pay attention to, depend on, listen to就不能拆开使用,且介词后面不能用who或者that 关于关系词的省略 1)who, whom, that, which, 做宾语时可省。 2)that做表语可省 be动词后 3)that做宾补可省 4)*关系副词when在time, year, day后面可省,也可换成that,但不 普遍 5)*关系副词where在place, 和anywhere, somewhere这种--where 的后面时候可以省略,也可换成that但不普遍 6)*关系副词why放在the reason后面,即可换成 for which, that 又可省略,此较普遍。但放在a reason后面可省,但貌似不可以换成that 7)the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 关于that 可以用that的情况; that 在定语从句中的功能非常多 1.可以代词关系代词 who, whom, which, 既可以做主语又可以做宾语,做宾语时可以省略;限从中可以说遇到关系代词就可以换成that, whose除外,因为whose的名词所有格(。。。的)whose= of which 2.关系副词why修饰the reason可换成that,也可省。 Notice:见到the reason不一定非要选why, 做宾语时候选which/that, 也可省。 3.that在某些特殊情况下代替 where, when但不普遍。 4.the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 必须用that的情况 (做宾语依旧可省) 1.先行词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing, 等不定代词 *不含something 2.先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等限定词修饰 3.先行词被序数词修饰 the first, the second..... 4.先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most 5.先行词被the very, the most修饰时

英语定语从句简单总结

英语定语从句简单总结 英语定语从句简单总结怎么写?相信很多人都想知道吧?以下是小编为您整理的英语定语从句简单总结相关资料,欢迎阅读! 英语定语从句简单总结 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有:when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换). 例如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语)

高中英语定语从句知识点及练习复习过程

高中英语定语从句知识点及练习

高中英语---定语从句 一定义及相关术语 1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。 2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 二关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

4. that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 、 The season that/which comes after spring is summer. The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 5. whose 指人、物皆可,与后面的名词有所属关系,在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意:指物时,常用以下结构来代替: The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that, who不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注意:1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:look for, look after, take care of 等。 2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who,若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which;关系代词是所有格时用whose。

中考定语从句完整归纳

中考九年级英语定语从句完整归纳 一、定语从句 1.Kids,I hope you’ll remember the good old days____we spent together in junior high though it’s time to say goodbye. A.who B.what C.which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意:孩子们,虽然到了说再见的时候了,我希望你们将记住那些我们一起在初中度过的美好的旧时光。who关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;what什么,不能引导定语从句;which关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知,这里考查定语从句,先行词是the good old days,从句中spent后缺少宾语,应用关系代词which引导,故应选C。 2. My grandparents like stories ________ have happy endings. A.they B.who C.which D./ 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意:我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词stories(故事)表示物,需用关系代词that或which,引导词同时做从句的主语,根据句意结构,故选C。 3.On Monday April 15, 2019, the fire_______broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world. A.that B.who C.where 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意:2019年4月15日,周一,巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。 A. that先行词是人或物, B. who先行词是人; C. where先行词是地点名词。本句先行词是fire,指物,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词用which/that。故答案为A。 【点睛】 在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

高中英语非限定性定语从句语法归纳

非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种,是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句,尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook. 我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。 My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。 如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如:The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如:These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。 She is an artist,which I am not. 她是一位艺术家,而我不是。 Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如:She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。

高考英语定语从句常见考点归纳

高考英语定语从句常见考点归纳 定语从句是中学英语教学的重点,也是学生学习的难点,同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近年各地高考试题,就能发现考点大多集中在带有"插入语"的定语从句;which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句;where 、when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。 对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构,而是把它融入到一定的语境中,考查考生的实际综合运用能力。 高考试题中,主要从以下角度考查定语从句: 定语从句的考点之一 that用法 正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强,除不能作定语(用whose)外,其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如: (1)——Do you have anything in mind _________ you’d like for supper? ——Well, _________ is OK with me. A. that ; anything B. which ; everything C. what ; whatever D. where ; something 选A。 (2)The wrong you've done him is terrible, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 选B。 定语从句的考点之二 判断成分,是关系代词还是关系副词 正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。 重点根据定语从句中所缺成分 (即关系词在定语从句中作状语时,使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which);在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时,使用that或which。)来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词,绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when,是地点名词就用where,是reason就用why来确定。 因此,认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面,更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如: (3)He should stand near the stage ________ he could watch and follow the play. A. where B. when C. that D. there 选A。 (4)Do you think the reason _______ he gave is believable. A. for which B. which C. why D. what 选B。 (5)We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 选D。

(新)高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ. 概念: (1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用: 1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词; 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语) 常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。 常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、where(地点状语) 可以修饰人的关系代词:that, who, whom, whose 可以修饰事的关系代词:that, which, as, whose, The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window faces the sea. 定语从句三步: 第一找出先行词; 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法: ●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3. You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语) 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语) 7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. (= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be.) ●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如: 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语) 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语) ●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人 whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人的,某物的

定语从句用法总结

定语从句用法总结 一.定义:定语由一个句子来充当,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。 二.分类:分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,还有间隔性定语从句。 eg: is the school (that/which)we visited last year. (限制性定语从句) weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. (非限制性定语从句) days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(间隔性定语从句) ] 注:定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用;而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。 三.构成:定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。 先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。 引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为:narrow streets and small houses, ( 引导词为:that,定语从句为:that are built close to each other 四.基本原则 定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 is the book that I like it best .(it 与book指同一物,所以要去掉。) 五.定语从句中常见考点:

定语从句重点难点归纳

定语从句重点难点归纳 思考:名从和定从的引导词一样吗? 1. 引导定语从句的关系代词没有what, whatever, however对吗? 2. That 在名词性从句和定语从句中的不同? 3. 定语从句和同位语从句的不同? 4. 定从的难点在那里? 定语从句关系词 关系代词: 指人:who, whom, 指人和物:that, whose 指物:which, as 关系副词:when, where, how, why §如果表示地点,时间,原因,方式的先行词做后面从句的宾语或主语时,引导词用that / which. 请指出关系代词/副词在定语从句中的成份: 1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( ) 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( ) 7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never the days when we lived together. ( ) 考点1:that 与which 1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice. 3) Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen. 5) She heard a terrible noise,______ brought her heart into her mouth. 考点2:the way用做先行词,填上合适的关系词并分析原因: 1.The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple. 3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 一:that的用法 以下情况,引导词用that,不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything,little,much,all,anything,nothing。(something 除外) e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. **先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some修饰时也用that. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时,用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read. 3. 先行词被the only,the very,the last 修饰时,用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时,用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时,需用that。 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. 二:which的用法 Which引导非限定性定语从句,其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth. 2. The weather turned out to be good, ___ was more than we could expect. 三:介词+关系代词 “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。

高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语) 常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语) 可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose 可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose, The student who answered the question was John、 Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、 The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、 I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、 定语从句三步: 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语) 2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now? 3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语) 4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about? 5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、 6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语) 7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、 = Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。 =Ourhometown is notwhat it used to be、) ●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如: 1、Thebook which/thatwas on the deskwasbought bymy father、(主语) 2、Thebook(which/that) Ibought yesterdayis very

定语从句用法归纳完整版

定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]

定语从句用法归纳 篇一:定语从句的用法一、定语从句的有关概念所谓定语从句,就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句,首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念,它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时,定语从句通常是后置的,所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 那什么是关系词呢其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上,英语中的各类从句,不管性质如何,它们都需要有一个词来“引导”,正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样,人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字,叫它关系词,因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,以表明两者之间的修饰关系,同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系 为了更好地理解定语从句,我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前,我们先来看看关系词有哪些。根据关系词在定语从句中的作用,我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等,英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。类似地,关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当状语等,英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个,即when, where和why。许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊,关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单,简单得可以划一个等号。因为,关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词,它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解,下面我们来看几个例子吧。I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词,who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句;在定语从句中,who是关系词,它在定语从句中用作主语,从意义上说,它在

初中定语从句语法汇总

初中定语从句语法汇总 一、定语从句的基本概念: 定语从句即在句中有一个具有主谓结构的完整的句子来充当定语,修饰前面的名词短语或者代词。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如: This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village. This is the place where Lily once lived. 二、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 三、关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可以做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。 1.关系代词:主要有that, which, who, whom, whose等,它们在句子中可用作主语(如that, which, who等)、宾语(如that, which, whom等)和定语(如which, whose)。 例句:I found the book which I was looking for.我找到了我要找的书。(做宾语)S he is the woman whose car was stolen.她就是汽车被盗的那个女人。(做定语) She is the woman whom I gave the money to.她就是我给她钱的那位妇女。(做宾语)Is he the man that sells dogs? 他就是卖狗的人吗? (做主语) She is the girl who won the prize.她就是获奖的姑娘。(做主语) 注意:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。 2.关系副词:主要有where, when, why等,它们在句子中主要用作状语。 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。 This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作

相关文档
最新文档