英语否定句 综合教程
英语否定句综合教程
一、转换否定
引用薄冰的原话,是“在英语中常可见到一些……形式上否定而意义上则表肯定的句子”。
1.cannot…too
You cannot be too careful.
误译:你不能太小心。
正译:你越小心越好。
英语说的cannot…too,意为“就算再……也不过分”或“越……越好”,其中的can表示可能性,too有over之意,可以换用enough或sufficient等字样。同时,在not的位置换用其他的否定词,如hardly,scarcely等也是可以的。因此下面5句话的意思同上面这句话的意思是完全一样的。
You cannot be over careful.
You cannot be careful enough.
You cannot be sufficiently careful.
You cannot take enough care.
You cannot take sufficient care.
2.It is a good horse that never stumbles.
误译:从不失蹄的马才是好马。
正译:再好的马也有失蹄的时候。
这个句子属于“It be adjective noun that…”句型。该句型多出现在一些谚语中, 在某些情况下,这种句型需要从反面解释。
更多的例子:It is a long lane that has no turning.再长的胡同也有拐弯。（意思是:凡事总有变化,不会永远不变。）
3.He must be a fool if he does not know what I mean.
误译:如果他不懂我的意思,他肯定是个傻瓜。
正译:他就是再傻也会懂得我的意思。
4.She study no harder than me.
误译:她学习不如我努力。
正译:她和我学习都不努力。
在一些no（not） adj.比较级的句子里,意思是肯定的。
更多的例子:I couldn?t agree with you more .我非常同意你的观点。
5.I never got no sleep in those days.
误译:那些日子我从来没有不睡觉。
正译:那些日子我怎么也睡不着。
英语和汉语一样,本来两个否定会成为一个肯定,但有时为了强调否定的语气,在通俗的口语中会有双重否定仍表否定的情况。
更多的例子:“I don’t know nothing about what’s waiting for me,”said Thrash.施腊希说:“我不知道我未来的命运如何。”
二、否定句并非都表示否定
（一）含有否定词not,no,nothing,never等或表示部分否定的词hardly,barely等的句子被称为否定句。英语的否定句表现形式多种多样,应用十分广泛,但形式上的否定并不等于意义上的否定,在很多情况下,形式上的否定句表达的却是肯定的含义,需注意这类句子的理解和译法。
1.not…until till直到……才,只有……才
People do not know the importance of friends until they lose them.
人们直到失去了才知道朋友的重要。
You can not learn anything till you get rid of your complacency.
只有去掉自满,你才能真正学点东西。
It was not until midnight that we went to bed.
直到半夜,我们才去睡觉。
2.not…long before 很快就,不久就
It wasn?t long before the conqured the country.
不久他们就征服了这个国家。
It won?t be long before we finish the work.我们很快就会干完这活儿。
It will not be long before they finish the work.他们很快就会干完活儿。
（二）否定表肯定
Cannot can never 和too, too much, enough, over 搭配表示“无论怎样……也不会过分,越……越好”
This can?t be stressed too strongly.这一点怎么强调也不过分”。
While you are doing your homework, you can?t be careful enough.
你做作业的时候,越小心越好。
The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of Enghish, so we can?t over emphasize the importance of learning English.
1.某些疑问句、感叹句或否定祈使句的表达与回答
例如：---You haven?t been to Quanzhou, have you?
---No, I haven?t. 是的，我没有去过。
比较：---Yes, I have. 不，我有去过。
又如：---Lovely day today, isn?t it?
---Yes, isn?t it? (降调) 是啊，真好。
Isn?t that beautiful! (感叹) 多么美丽呀!
再如：Won?t you have some beer?
=Why not have some beer? （邀请）请喝点啤酒吧！
---Take care and don?t eat any more fish.
---I won?t. 好的，我不会再吃的。
2.too…to…结构
例如：I?m sure many firms would only be too glad to have you.
我想好多公司都会非常乐意雇佣你。
又如：The boy was too eager to get the piano. 那男孩非常想得到那架钢琴。
该结构中的形容词往往具有情感色彩，类似还有willing, ready, pleased, anxious等词。
3.cannot … too(much) 或can never/hardly…enough结构
例如：I cannot thank you too much. = I can never/hardly thank you enough.
我对你感激不尽。
此结构意为“无论如何…也不过分”。它还有几个变体的结构：用impossible, difficult
等词代替cannot；以sufficiently, exaggerate, to over-等词替代too/enough。
再如：You cannot take sufficient care. 你要特别小心。
The importance of this session cannot be exaggerated (overemphasized).
=It would be impossible to over-estimate the importance of this session.
这次会议极为重要。
4. 某些含有比较级的句子
例如：Considering she will be my wife, I couldn?t be any happier.
一想到她将成为我的妻子，我就幸福无比。
又如：I couldn?t agree more. 我完全同意。
三、某些说明哲理的句子
例如：It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 智者千虑必有一失。
又如：It is a good horse that never stumbles (绊倒) . 金无足赤，人无完人。
It is a good machine that can work without power. 不论如何好的机器都需要动力。
比较：It is a wise father that knows his own child. 聪明的父亲也未必了解他自己的孩子。
四、某些短语
例如：It has caused me not a little anxiety. 此事使我相当焦虑。
比较：He's not a bit better. 他一点也没有好转。
再如：During his absence in London, I paid a visit to him.
当他在伦敦的时候，我去拜访过他。
这里absence in = presence in，而absence from London 才表示不在伦敦。
五、肯定表否定
1.某些引导词引导的从句
1）before 引导的从句，其动词常与can连用，表明该动作并未发生，意为“不等…就….”。亦表示“宁愿（与其）…也不…. ”。
例如：The boy rushed out before I could ask what his name was.
我还没来得及问那小孩的名字，他就已经跑出去了。
He died before he wrote a will. 他还来不及写遗嘱就死了。
再如：He will beg for food before he will ask his parents for money.
他宁可讨饭也不愿意向父母要钱。
2）since 引导的时间状语时，若从句谓语动词为持续性动词或状态动词的一般过去时，在大多数情况下，该句式表示主句的动作（或状态）是从从句的“动作或状态结束时”开始的。
例如：I have stayed at home since I was ill. 自从病愈后，我一直呆在家里。
再如：Six months have elapsed since he smoked. 转眼间他戒烟已有六个月。
比较：I have stayed at home since I have been ill. 自从生病以来，我一直呆在家里。
从句的动词用一般现在完成时，则表示从句动作或状态持续到今。
3）but 引导的定语从句时，从句表示否定涵义，but相当于关系代词“that (or who) not”。
例如：There is no one but knows it. 此事无人不知。
There was no man but thanked him. 人人都感激他。
2.某些短语或单词
1）anything but“根本不是，一点也不”
例如：Now, you can see, the battle is anything but finished.
现在，你可以看到这个战役远远没有结束。
又如：---Is the task easy?
---Anything but. I?ll do my bit, though. 一点也不容易。但我会尽力的。
2) last “极少可能的，最不适合的”
例如：He is the last person I?d have expected to see here. 他是我这里最不希望看到的人。
He would be the last man to say such things. 他决不会说这种话。
But Tom broke and ran and that?s the last thing you do with a cougar.(美洲豹).
但是，汤姆脱开身来并往前奔跑，这是对付美洲豹最不应该做的事情。
3.某些交际用语
例如：People will be long forgetting him. 人们在很长时间内都会记住他的。
It is anyone?s guess. 这是大家都拿不准的事。
For all I care! 这事我才不管呢！
六、部分否定
1.转移否定结构往往貌似一般否定结构（not的位置与一般否定结构中的 not完全相同）,实际上却是一种部分否定结构或是not由一部分转移到另一部分。
all, both和every及其合成词
例如：But not all experts agree that this is a good idea.
=But all experts don?t agree that this is a good idea.
并不是所有的专家都认为这是个好主意。
I can afford one, but not both. 我买得起一样，但还不能两样都买。
I agree with most of what you said, but I don?t agree with everything.
你说的我大部分同意，但并非完全都同意。
比较：All this is unimportant.
=None of this is important. 这个全都不是很重要。
I wasn?t listening all the time.
我一时一刻也没有听。（或：我并不是所有的时间都在听。）
1）all…not
Not all bamboo grows tall.
误译:所有的竹子都长得不高。
正译:并非所有的竹子都会长很高。
这句话中,not否定的不是高,而是 all。这是一种部分否定。
更多的例子:All that glitters is not gold.发光的不一定就是金子。
2）every…not
Not everyone in our class likes football.
误译:在我们班每个人都不喜欢踢足球。
正译:在我们班并非每个人都喜欢足球。
这句话中,not否定的不是like,而是 everything。
更多的例子:This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。
3）both…not
But you see,we both cannot go.
误译:但是我告诉你,我们两人都不能走。
正译:但是我告诉你,我们两人不能都走。
这个句子中,not否定的不是go,而是 both。
更多的例子:I don?t want both the books.我不是两本书都要。
2.and连接相关性质的两个状语、定语或表语（肯定前半部分）
例如：Prof. Smith did not explain it correctly and clearly.
史密斯教授把它解释得正确，但不够清楚。
（或：史密斯教授没有把它解释得既正确又清楚。）
再如：The story is not interesting and instructive. 这个故事有趣，但没有教育意义。
比较：The story is not interesting or instructive.
=The story is neither interesting nor instructive.
这个故事既没有趣味也没有教育意义。
3.as well as 连接两个对等成分（肯定后半部分）
例如：We haven?t heard from Steven as well as from Andy.
我们收到了安迪的信，但没有收到史提芬的信。
We will not go to Thailand as well as you. 你们要去泰国，而我们不去。
比较：We as well as you will not go to Thailand. 和你们一样，我们也不去泰国。
七、否定转移
1.当think, believe, suppose, imagine这一类动词引导一个否定概念时，通常将引导动词think变为否定。
例如：I don?t think you?ve met my wife. 你大概没有见过我的妻子吧。
2.结构句型“not…because…”中的not常常是否定because所引导的状语从句，而不是否定主句的谓语动词。
例如：They did not come to the hospital because they wanted to see me.
他们来医院不是因为要看我。
再如：Tom was not unhappy because he was unable to go there.
汤姆并不是因为不能去那儿而感到不高兴。
比较：He did not go to the lecture this morning because he was sick.
今早他没来参加讲座，因为他病了。
I did not write that letter because of what you told me.
由于你给我说了，我才没有写那封信。
（或：并不是因为你跟我说了，我才写那封信。）
再如：You should not look down upon a man because he is poor.
误译:因为一个人穷,所以你不应该看不起他。
正译:你不应该因为一个人穷就看不起他。
在这个句子里,not否定的不是后面的动词look down upon,而是because he is poor。值得注意的是,这种句型是有歧义的,我们要根据上下文排除歧义。
3.not…to
They don?t come to see you laughed at.
误译:他们不是来看你被嘲笑的。
正译:他们到这儿来并不是要看你被嘲笑的的。
在这个句子里,not否定的不是动词 come,而是to see you laughed at。
更多的例子:He said,Now,look,I didn?t come here to get along with you guys.You?re going to have to get along with me.他说:“喂,老弟们,我到这儿来不是来听你们的,该是你们来听我的。”
英语否定句专项练习
A.将下列句子译成汉语
1. One would assume that there would have been not difficulties because of cold war in applying those procedures.
2. But two systems are not necessarily identical, or even very similar, because they have some properties in common.
3. Nations do not distrust each other because they are armed, they are armed because they distrust each other.
4. I never heard of anyone making a “skeleton”, as we were taught at school.
5. He does not dominate or intimidate his staff, like Mr. Johnson, nor does he read or work like Mr. Carter.
6. All the great truths are obvious truths. But all obvious truths are not great.
7. Now, I have recalled these beginnings of the careers of Frankin, Darwin and Mozart because they strikingly illustrate
a profound psychological truth the significance of which can scarcely be overestimated.
8. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to …buy’ and education for his child.
9. His last three or four novels are not nearly so good as earlier ones.
10. The law confers innumerable rights on women and treats them with almost respect. But nowhere in practice does a woman have these rights.
11. The change which these years have brought about is too remarkable to be passed over without being noticed, too weighty in its lesson not to be laid to heart.
12. I’d no more scribble all over the first edition of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt.
13. It may be that when his life at last comes to an end he will leave no more trace of his sojourn on earth than a stone thrown into a river leaves on the surface of the water.
14. Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wings.
15. It was never intended by Nature, Hitler claims, that all races should be equal, any more than individuals are equal.
16. The fledgling stock market is not recognized by the central government, but the local authorities could not care less when there is money to be earned.
B.将下列句子译成汉语
1. All materials are not fuels which burn.
2. I dont like both of the novels.
3. Both children are not clever.
4. A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom.
5. The good and the beautiful do not always go together.
6. Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.
7. Opportunities come to all, but all are not ready for them when they come.
8. Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.
9. Not every minute difference is noted.
10. No both of them can serve the purpose.
11. Every subject is not treated in the same way.
12. All forms of matter do not have the same properties.
13. A nation can no more exist without people than a tree can grow without roots.
14. Oil does not blend with water any more than iron floats on it.
15. She is no more than an ordinary worker, but she has invented a lot of new machines.
16. A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul I a man.
17. You are no more a general than I am a scholar.
18. Nations are not be judged by their size any more than individuals.
19. In the battle, the bandits killed were no less than twenty thousand.
20. He usually carries not less than 1,000 dollars in his pocket.
21. He left me no more than 100 dollars.
22. Our students have designed no less than five kinds of new machines.
23. This song is no less popular than that one.
24. This song is not less popular than that one.
25. Her mistakes in composition are no fewer than yours.
26. Her mistakes in the essay are not fewer than yours.
27. You can find that sort of tree nowhere but on this island.
28. Winds are nothing but moving air.
29. It is no less than a blackmail to ask such a high price.
30. It cannot be too much emphasized that the development of agriculture must keep pace with the development of industry.
31. The anonymous letter was written by none other than his son.
32. You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes.
33. He is more diligent than clever.
34．He will not be behind the bars long.
35．You don’t run away because a few people are troublesome.
36. One has to be blind not to recognize this fact.
37. Her principles are not at the mercy of the opinion polls.
38. President Bush could have come to Israel at better time.
39. Japanese leaders, however, are nothing if not pragmatic when it comes to their dealings with China.
40. Nations do not distrust each other because they are armed, they are armed because they distrust each other.
41. Koreans can no more agree on whether the changes have come too fast or too slowly than they can on what Korean democracy is or should be.
42. Her partners in Strasbourg all believe that creating a new Europe will need passion as well as paperwork. They suspect
they could no more raise a cheer from Mrs. Thatcher than squeeze a smile from a suit of armor.
参考译文
Part A
1. 人们会认为，在应用这些程序时不会因冷战的缘故而发生任何障碍。
2. 但是这两个思维系统并不因为有某些共同的特征就一定是相同甚至十分相似的。
3. 国家间并不是因为各自武装了起来才互不信任，它们是因为互不信任才各自武装起来的。
4. 我从来没听说过有哪位作家像我们在学校所学的那样先写一个什么“提纲”。
5. 他不像约翰逊先生那样控制或威吓幕僚，也不像卡特先生那样勤奋阅读和工作。
6. 伟大的真理都是显而易见的道理，但是不见得所有显而易见的道理都是伟大的真理。
7. 现在我已把富兰克林、达尔文以及莫扎特刚开始事业的情况回顾了一下。因为这些情装饰品雄辩地说明了一个心理方面的深刻真理，其意义再怎么估量也不会过分。
8. 在那里不存在必须离开家园外出谋生而导致孩子无人照管的现象，也不存在父亲无力为他孩子“购买”教育的问题。
9. 他的最后三四部小说远远不如他早期的几部好。
10. 法律赋予妇女无数权利，并给予尊重。可是在实践中她们一点也享受不到这些权利。
11. 近年来所发生的变化是极为显著的而不容有所忽视，在这上面得到的教训极为深刻，不容我们不铭记在心。
12. 我决不会在一本初版《失乐园》上乱涂乱写，就像我不会把一盒蜡笔连同一幅伦勃朗的原画交给我的婴孩让他任意涂写一样。
13. 也许他的生活一朝结束之后，他这一生在世界上不会留下什么痕迹，正如一块石子投入河中没有在水面上留下任何痕迹一样。
14. 行驶在太平洋上的船只往往一连好几天有较小的信天翁伴航，这种鸟可跟着船连续飞行一小时而不拍动一下翅膀，或只是偶尔拍动一下。
15. 希特勒宣称，上帝从不认为的有民族应当平等，正如个人不平等一样。
16. 这个新的股市虽未得到中央政府的承认，但是只要有钱可赚，地方政府根本就不在乎中央政府是否承认它。
Part B
1．能燃烧的材料并非都是燃料。
2．这两本小说我不是都喜欢。
3．这两个孩子并不都是聪明的。
4．有学问的人并不一定都是有智慧的人。
5．善和美不一定总是一致的。
6．这两种物质并不都溶于水。
7．机会是均等的，人人都有，但不见得在机会到来的时候人人都能准备好去接受它。
8．不见得人人都懂礼貌，而所有的人也不见得都是天生的君子。
9．并不是每一点细微的判别都注意到了。
10．并不是两者都适合这个用途。
11．并不是每一个题目都以同样的方法处理。
12．不是一切形式的物质都具有相同的特性。
13．一个国家不能离开人民而存在，正如树没有根不能生长一样。
14．油不能和水混合，正如铁不能浮在水上一样。
15．她只不过是一个普通工人，然而她却发明了许多新机器。
16．没有感情的家庭不成其为家，同样，没有灵魂的躯体也不成其为人。
17．你不是将军，就如同我不是学者一样。
18．国家如同个人一样，不能以大小衡量。
19．在那一战役中，匪徒死亡者多达两万人。
20．他口袋中一般总带着至少1000美元。
21．他只留给我100美元。
22．我们的学生竟然设计出五种新机器。
23．这首歌受欢迎的程度竟然不亚于那首歌。
24．这首歌受欢迎的程度不比那首差。
25．她作文里的错误和你的一样多。
26．她作文里的错误并不比你的少。
27．你只有在这个岛上才能找到那种树。
28．风只不过是流动的空气而已。
29．要这样的高价简直是敲诈。
30．农业的发展必须赶上工业的发展，这一点无论如何强调也不过分。
31．写匿名信的正是他儿子。
32．你法语掌握得较好，不至于有这样的错误。
33．与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。
34．他很快就要出狱了。
35．一个有眼无珠的人才会看不清这个事实。
36．你并不会为有那麽几个人不好对付就逃得远远的。
37．她的原则并不会因为民意测验的结果如何而动摇或改变。
38．布什总统此时造访以色列，可谓适逢佳机。
39．然而，在与中国交往方面，日本领导人极其务实。
40．国家之间并不是因为各自武装了起来才互不信任，是因为互不信任才各自武装起来。
41．韩国人对韩国的民主是什麽样子或应是什麽样子，看法不一致。同样，他们对变革是否来得太快或太慢，也各执一辞。
42．她在斯特拉斯堡的伙伴们都认为，创立一个新欧洲不仅需要做设计规划的具体工作，而且还需要有一股热情。他们觉得，要让撒切尔夫人说出一句喝彩赞许的话来实难办到，犹如一副盔甲，怎麽拧它也不会笑。
综合英语教程2_课后翻译练习答案
综合英语教程2课后翻译答案汇总 Book Two Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at
英语否定句翻译
英语否定句翻译 一、全部否定(Complete Negation) 全部否定是指将句子否定对象加以全盘、彻底地否定。常用的全部否定词与习惯用语有：not， no， none， never，nobody， nothing，neither…nor， nowhere， no one，etc. 只要使用上述否定词，都是具有全部否定意义的句子。翻译成中文时，一般把全部否定词照翻即可。 例：He is not a translator.他不是翻译。 This problem is so difficult that none of us can solve it.这个问题太难，我们当中没人能解决。 二、部分否定(Partial Negation) 部分否定在英语句子中是对some，all，both，every，many，much，always，often等词的否定，不论否定词“ not”放在这些词的前面，还是同句中谓语一起构成否定式谓语，都属于部分否定。 可译为：“并非所有的都”；“并不全是”；“不一定总是”。例：All that glitters is not gold. (=Not all that glitters is gold.) 闪光的东西不一定都是金子。 Both of the instruments are not precision ones. (=Not both of the instruments are precision ones.) 这两台仪器并不都是精密仪器。 从以上两例可看出，not every=some，not both=one，not
always=sometimes，not wholly=in some degree not together=somewhat. 三、双重否定(Double Negation) 双重否定是指两个否定词并用，否定同一个单词，或者一个否定词否定另一个否定词，其否定意义互相抵消得到肯定意义。如果一个句子中同时含有两个否定因素，无论是形式上还是意义上的，可采用两种方法翻译：可译成汉语的双重否定，其语气较强烈；也可以译成肯定。双重否定句主要有以下三种： 1．全否定词+全否定词英语中的全否定词有：not，no，without，none，nobody，no one，nothing，neit her…nor，nowhere，etc.当这类词出现在同一个句子中时即可构成双重否定句。 例：No one has nothing to offer to society. 人人都可以为社会奉献点什么。 He cannot speak English without making mistakes. 他一说英语就出错。 2．全否定词+半否定词一个全否定词和一个半否定词（little，seldom等）同时出现在一个句子中时，构成双重否定句。例：Nowadays it is not seldom that a man lives to be seventy years old.如今人活到70岁常见的。 3．全否定词+含有否定意义的词。如：impatient，unimportant，
综合学术英语翻译第二册
综合学术英语翻译 Unit 1 1. 无论是谁，闯红灯都是对公共安全的极端漠视。 ( complete disregard for ) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety. 2. 他解释说，成功不过是自己对艺术的执着追求和运气罢了。 ( nothing more than ) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck. 3. 这个新产品得益于生物学与医学的交叉研究。 (at the crossroads between ) The new product has benefited from research work at the crossroads between biological and medical studies. 4. 他的观点与那位伟大哲学家的思想惊人地相似，但他声称从未听说过其观点。(echo ) It was amazing that this idea well echoed the great philosopher 's belief, which he claimed not to have heard about before. 5. 队员们进行了为期一个月的紧张训练，充分做好准备，以应对可能发生的各种突发情 况。(prepare …well for ) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for the possible emergencies. 6. 那位环保人士所做的演讲生动有力，给现场观众留下了深刻的印象。( be impressed with) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by the environmentalist. 7. 这次旅行将为你提供一个难得的体验不同生活方式的机会。( sample) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way of life. 8. 充分利用有限时间是适应快节奏现代生活的必备技能之一。( use time to its fullest potential ) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adapting to the fast-paced modern life.
大学英语综合教程3第三版答案
大学英语综合教程3第三版答案
大学英语综合教程3第三版答案 【篇一：新标准大学英语综合教程3答案(全版)】 >unit1 active reading(1) 4. b c c d c a 5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive 6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance 7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy 8.b a b b b a b b active reading(2) 4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse 5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite 6.a b a a b b a a 7.a b b a a b b b a language in use 6.(1)我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午5点以后，图书馆就空无
一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。 （2）明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下滴答滴答地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它就会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”“本应该做”“本来会做”的事情。 7.(1)students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university .some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future , because future is full of uncertainties. （2）after a very careful check-up ,the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease .although he knew that his life was ticking away ,instead of complaining about the fate ,the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days ,and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated ,and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule. unit2 active reading 5.definite perpetual whirl blaze giggle prompt tumble 6.prompted definite whirl perpetual blazing giggling tumbled 7.blinked barren tag torture resemblance napkin
综合英语教程五beauty英汉翻译
Beauty 论美 —苏珊·桑塔格 For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons t hen were assumed to be what we now have to call whole person. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person’s “inside” and “outside”, they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates (苏格拉底) found it quite paradoxical （自相矛盾的）that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive ---- and so ugly. One of Socrates’ main pedagogical （教导的）acts was to be ugly ---- and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was. 在古希腊人看来，美是一种德性：一种优秀品质。那个时代的人大概就是我 们如今不得不称之为完人的人，尽管称之为完人仍让我们觉得有些辞不达意，还 带着些许嫉妒。要是古希腊人确实想到过要把一个人的“内在”与“外在”区分 开来，那么他们还是认为内在美应该与外在美相匹配。那些聚集在苏格拉底周围 的雅典富家子弟就发现，实在自相矛盾的是，他们心目中这位英雄如此聪颖、如 此勇敢、如此正直可敬的、如此富有魅力—又是如此丑陋。自身的长相丑陋也是 苏格拉底的现身说法之一：他要教导这些相貌出众却不谙世事的弟子们，生活确 实充满了矛盾。 他们也许充耳不闻苏格拉底的教训。我们则不然。几千年之后，我们更是小 心翼翼地看待美的魅力。我们不仅轻易地把“内在”和“外在”割裂开来，而且 发现一个人既相貌美丽，又德才兼备时，我们会觉得难以置信。 主要是由于基督教的影响，美才被剥夺了它在关于人的优秀品质的古典理想 中的中心位置。基督教把优秀的概念限制于道德上的美德，这样便把美束之高阁—视之为一种异化的、无常的、浅薄的魅力。于是美之声誉不断下降。将近两个 世纪中，人们已经约定俗成把美归之于两性中的一个性别：无论多么美丽，这个 性别总是第二性。把美和妇女相联系，结果使得美在道德上更容易受到批判和攻 击。 我们英语中常说，一个美丽的女子。但是却说一个英俊的男人。“英俊”是“美丽”的阳性等义词，也意味着拒绝“美丽”这个恭维字眼，因为这个字眼已 经由于专用于女子而带上了贬义色彩。在法语和意大利语中，可以说一个男人“美丽”，这表明天主教国家仍然保留着异教徒对美的崇拜的绪余，而不同于演化为 新教的基督教影响下的那些国家。不过要说存在区别的话，那也只是程度问题。 在每个现代国家里，不论是基督教国家还是基督教衰落后的国家，妇女都是美的 性别—这对妇女以及美这个概念都为害不浅。 人们认为，被称为美丽是点明女性性格上和关注问题方面本质的东西。（这
英语否定句的翻译技巧
英语否定句的翻译技巧 济宁学院旅游地理系 刘翠莲 [摘 要]英语中的否定句形式多样,给学生的理解造成很大障碍。其否定概念的表达分为明否定(包括全部否定、部分否定和双重否定)和暗否定(含蓄否定)。要准确理解和翻译英语中的否定句,需要清楚这些否定结构的特点,结合汉语的表达习惯,掌握一定的翻译技巧。 [关键词]全部否定 部分否定 双重否定 含蓄否定 翻译 无论在英语中还是在汉语中,肯定句和否定句都是人们日常交际常用的表达手段和陈述方式。由于文化背景、语言习惯和思维方式的不同,英汉两种语言在意义表达上又有很大的区别,尤其是否定句的应用,这给学生的理解和翻译造成很大障碍。翻译英语否定句,首先要弄清楚其结构在用法上的一些特点,否则就容易出错。一般来讲,英语中否定概念的表达可分为明否定和暗否定。前者借助否定词或否定结构来表达否定的概念,包括全部否定、部分否定和双重否定。后者又称含蓄否定,指不通过具有否定意义的词来表达否定,否定含义常暗含于句子及语境之中。这里就这几种否定结构谈谈翻译上的特点。 一、全部否定 全部否定指将句子否定对象加以全盘彻底的否定,通常使用一些含“绝无”意义的否定词加上肯定式谓语来表示。这些否定词常以n字母开头如:no,no t,none,never,nobody,no th ing, now here,no r,neither等),此类英语否定句一般仍译为汉语否定句。如:N one of u s are perfect1我们谁也不是完人。M y tex t2 book is now here to be seen.哪儿也找不到我的课本。 需要注意的是,根据句子的意思和汉语习惯否定成分有时会发生转换,这就是否定转移现象。常见的情况有:1)否定句含believe,con sider,expect,fancy,fear,hope,feel,i m agine,sup2 po se,th ink,tru st等表心理活动的动词时,no t通常否定该动词后面的内容。如:Scien tists don’t believe that compu ters can re2 p lace m an in every field1科学家们认为,计算机不可能在所有领域中都代替人。2)系表结构中否定词在意义上通常否定句子中的表语。如:You r sen tence doesn’t sound righ t1你的句子听起来不对。3)“no+名”时否定应转移到谓语动词上面。如:A t no ti m e and under no circum stances w ill Ch ina be the first to u se nuclear w eapon s1中国在任何时间和任何情况下都不会首先使用核武器。4)在“否定词+becau se…”结构中,becau se引导原因状语从句,主句的谓语为否定式时,有时可按正常语序翻译,如:W om en in som e Islam ic coun tries do no t vo te becau se they have no righ t to1一些穆斯林国家的妇女不参加选举,因为她们没有选举权。但有时情况较为复杂,即no t并非真正否定谓语,而是否定becau se本身。如:T he m ach ine didn’t move be2 cau se he pu shed on it1不是因为他推了它,这台机器才移动(原文形式上否定谓语,实际上否定的重点是状语从句,故译文否定状语从句)。因此,翻译时应结合上下文语境做出正确的判断。 5)在含目的状语的否定句中,有时no t并不否定其后的动词,而是否定句中的目的状语。如:Som eti m es the ch ildren don’t p lay chess fo r am u sem en t1有时孩子们下棋并不全是为了娱乐。 二、部分否定 部分否定,可用含“部分”意义的代词、副词(如som e,som e2 th ing,som ew here等)加上否定谓语构成,这样的句式比较容易理解。但还有一些特殊的表示部分否定的句型,不同于汉语的思维方式。1)用否定词no t来否定表示全部概念的词,如:bo th, all,every(everyth ing,everybody,everyw here)等。这些词都是表示“所有、每一个、两者都”等概念的,如果用no t否定这些词就使句子产生了部分否定之义,表示“不都……”,“并非……都”等。如果否定词no t放置这些词之前(如:no t all…,no t every …,no t bo th…等)就更能突出部分否定的意思。如:N o t all h is w o rk is successfu l1并非他所有的工作都是成功的。应特别注意no t不位于这些词前面时的译法。如:Everybody w ou ldn’t like it1=N o t everybody w ou ld like it1并不是每个人都会喜欢它。 2)no t否定含al w ays,m uch,m any,often,en tirely的句子,如: H e w as no t en tirely happy1他并不感到十分高兴。3)句子中含有few,little,hardly,scarcely,barely,seldom等词,如:H e hard2 ly w o rk s on w eekends1他周末很少工作。4)在否定句中用连词and连接两个状语、表语、定语、宾语等时,也表示部分否定,否定and之后的部分。如:H e is no t a b righ t and diligen t boy1他并不是个既聪明又勤奋的孩子。(聪明但并不勤奋) 三、双重否定 双重否定句是指在一个句子中连用两个否定词或连用一个否定词与一个表示否定意义的词的句子。翻译时可译成肯定句,也可译成汉语的双否定(语气较强烈)。双重否定句的结构主要有以下三种: 11全否定词十全否定词英语中的全否词包括no t,no, none,no one,no th ing,nobody,never等,当这些词有两个出现在同一句中时构成双重否定。如:You can’t m ake som eth ing ou t of no th ing1巧妇难为无米之炊。 21全否定词十半否定词当一全否定词与一个半否定词(few,little,seldom等)出现在同一句子中时,构成双重否定。如:Few studen ts in ou r co llege canno t speak English1我们这个学校几乎没有学生不会说英语。 31全否定词十含有否定意义的词含有否定意义的词主要包括某些带有否定前缀或后缀的单词,如:i m po ssib le,unp re2 pared,disp leased,disobey等,以及一些本身含有否定意义的词,如:deny,fail,refu se,neglect,igno re,w ithou t等。如:W e are no t unp repared fo r the ou tcom e of the conference1对于会议的结果,我们是有准备的。W e shall no t fail to help you w hen neces2 sary1必要时我们定会帮助你。 另外,在“否定词十bu t”的结构中,bu t当作关系代词用,相当于“w h ich w ho that…no t…”,具有否定含义,也构成双重否定句,译成汉语时要留意。如:Scarcely a w eek passes bu t she w rites to her paren ts1差小多每个星期她都要给父母信。还要注意no th ing(nobody,now here,none)…so…bu t…的双重否定问题,这种句子的翻译通常为:无论……只要……就(便)……;所有(一切)……(只要)……便(就)……。如:T here is no th ing so difficu lt bu t it becom es easy by p ractice1无论多么困难的事,只要实践便会变得容易。也可译为:所有(一切)困难的事,只要实践都会变得容易的。 四、含蓄否定 含蓄否定句是寓否定意义于肯定表达形式之中的特殊表达 — 6 1 —
商务英语综合2汉译英整理
商务英语综合2汉译英整理
Unit 1 1.我不愿意告诉你，但是如果三个月内我们不能招揽到更多的顾客的话，归根结蒂的问题是公司将面临倒闭。(go out of business) I hate to tell you this,but if we don’t get more customers the next three months,the bottom line is that we’ll go out of business. 2.当局可能会对户外广告的副作用加以干预，但是，这并不意味着该禁令在法律上的合理性。它阻碍了我们的企划方案。(be concerned with) The authorities might be concerned with the side effects of the outdoor ads,but this does not mean the ban is legally justifiable.It has hindered us from scheduling our projects. 3.复杂的革新金融体系固然容易遭受破坏，但是单一、严格管制的金融体系势必导致经济发展迟缓。(susceptible) A sophisticated and innovative financial system is susceptible to destructive booms;but a simple,tightly regulated one will condemn an economy to grow slowly. 4.布什总统说他了解很多美国人都担心未来经济的发展，持续不稳定的房地产市场存在风险，使更多人面临失业危险。(in jeopardy) President Bush says he knows many Americans are concerned about the future of the economy,with the risk that continued instability in the housing market could put more jobs in jeopardy.
综合英语教程3 翻译 答案 中英
Unit1 1. She doesn’t seem to get along with her new classmates. 2. I’d been out of touch with Mary for year, but I managed to reach her by phone yesterday. 3. The veteran enjoys showing off his medals to everyone who visits him. 4. He husband seems very much opposed to her going abroad. 5. As Thomas couldn’t settle down in his job, his parents were very worried. 6. I always have all kinds of bits and pieces in my pockets. 7. Her mother pulled a few strings to get her into the business circle. 8. I hope the food is to your liking. 9. I told the boys off for making so much noise. Unit2 1. He resolved to work on the complicated project immediately. 2. They saw an old man knocked over by a car coming from the opposite direction. 3. He walked unsteadily / stumbled along in the dark, groping for the light-switch. 4. After three month’s illness, he found it difficult to rise to his feet again. 5. Owing to the staff shortage, the task could not be fulfilled on schedule. 6. During the period of depression, the company was running into financial difficulties. 7. When the blind girl got on the crowded bus, the passengers made room for her. 8. He at last managed to hold on to the rock on the cliff and stopped himself from slipping. Unit3 1. Mother immediately sent Tom for the doctor. 2. She failed to bake the cake as she had run out of sugar. 3. I know how desperately busy you are now. 4. The whole class roared with laughter at Tom’s slip of the tongue. 5. Such things as needles and scissors should be kept out of the reach of children. 6. The soldiers stood under the burning scorching sun, drenched with sweat. 7. He returned to his own country / motherland in the end. Unit4 1. Obviously I overestimated my sense of direction. Net time, I will remember to bring along a map with me. 2. The mother is not thoroughly disillusioned with her selfish unfilial son. 3. She has no knack for saying the right thing at the right time. 4. He and football were meant for each other from the start. 5. My boss assigned me the secretarial work for the first month. 6. If a driver breaks traffic rules, are there any alternatives to a fire? 7. Being a clumsy person, he often subjects himself to ridicule. Unit5 1. Did James have supper with you on the night in question? 2. The coach was satisfied with the ultimate victory of the match. 3. To remove the linguistic barriers in communication among the people of the world, linguists have embarked on the study of a new universal language. 4. The emergence of joint-venture enterprises has increased our opportunities to have contact with foreigners. 5. Mother asked him to gather up the bits and pieces of his belongings from the desk and put them
综合英语2课后翻译Translation
Translation Unit1 1、天开始下雨，她走向附近的一个避雨处。 It started raining, she made for the nearest shelter. 2、她挑了一顶帽子，正好配她的衣服。 She picks out a cap which match her clothes perfectly. 3、我等了一个小时，可还是没见他的人影。 I waited for an hour, but he did not show up. 4、他们觉得还是呆在原地好。 They figured it was better to stay where they were. 5、小岛上发生的地震，造成了23人死亡。 The earthquake which struck the island caused 23 deaths. 6、在离开村子20年后，他终于回家了。 He returned home at length after being away from the village for 20 years. 7、她的许多同事已经失去了工作，她总算保住了。 Many of her colleagues have lost their job, while she eventually hold on to it.
Unit 2 1、老师告诉我瓶里的液体可以去除金属和瓷器上的污渍。 The teacher told me that the bottle of liquid could remove stains from the mental and china. 2、坐在我旁边的学生忐忑不安的看着考场的四周。 The students sitting beside me looked around the examination room with apprehension. 3、他现在大学毕业了，自己养活自己。 He is now out of college, and lives on his own. 4、他们轮流睡觉，以免出差错。 They took turns staying awake, in case anything went wrong. 5、大女儿也许会接父亲的班，等她长大后接管家业。 The elder daughter might follow her father’s footsteps, and take over the family business when she’s old enough. 6、他不得不跳下车，推车上山。 He had to get off the bike, and push it up to the hill. 7、这副手套将保护你的手不受冻。 The pair of gloves will protect your hands from the cold.
综合英语教程第三版
unit1响尾蛇伤 我们在西波顿种植西瓜和香瓜供应市场。我家有一块瓜地和花圃在紧靠甘蔗地的谷仓背后。一天，我从工具棚里拿了把镰刀想去砍个西瓜自己吃。他们是不许我拿这把刀的，因为它的刀刃比我的胳膊还长。但它是切西瓜的最好工具。一刀下去，西瓜就一分为二了。 我正沿着瓜地边走边拍打着想找一个熟瓜，突然感觉脚好像被针一样的东西扎了一下。我为是踩在一堆蒺藜草上了。 转眼一看，却发现是一条响尾蛇。我知道响尾蛇在袭击之前都要发出响声以示警告的，而我对那响声的熟悉程度决不亚于我熟悉鹌鹑。后来我才明白它是没有时间警告，我肯定是一脚踩在它的嘴巴上了。我边往家飞奔，边大声喊叫，满脑子想的都是自己肯定要死了。妈妈赶快解下围裙用上面的带子绑在我的膝盖上部。她扶我到前屋的沙发上躺下，让玛莎照看我。当时在场的既没有一个男人也没有一匹马。最近的住宅是豪威尔先生家，但他家没有马。再远点的是吉姆·安德森家，穿过田地抄近路也有半英里的距离。妈妈冲向安德森家。安德森的一个儿子跳上马就直奔城里，在安德森家打工的克拉克的儿子用车把妈妈送回家。回到家，妈妈发现围裙带已被玛莎解开了，因为我直叫系得太紧。妈妈给我重新绑上，她用力很猛以致于我失声叫了起来。 然后，妈妈又到门廊朝那条通往城里的路张望。这条路位于安德森和豪威尔两家领地中间，一直延伸到小山顶端，因此从这里你可以看见所有路过的人或物。我总是远远就能辨认出我们的马车和汤姆，尤其是爸爸赶车的时候。这时，如果得到允许，汤姆就会因为急于吃到马槽里的东西而撒腿跑起来，爸爸也总是允许它这么做的。 赫伯·安德森的意见是首先找爸爸，如果他不在就找麦肯斯医生，再不成就找菲尔德或别的医生。 妈妈一边盯着看谁的马先出现，一边不时地进屋安慰我。 终于，妈妈说道：“你爸爸来了。” Read more 误解 这是个古老的故事，的确是要说到1864年的事。那时，英国军队驻扎在牙买加的一个团养了只官兵都喜爱的大猴子。那是只善于思考、极有主见的猴子，他的行为习惯和举止总是令军官们开心不已。他的居所对着军官食堂的窗户，尽管身上系着很长但不重的链子，他照样自得其乐，淘气逗人。比如有一天，他觉得一位年轻军官羞侮了他，便立即把食堂窗户敲得惊天动地。军官们只好把他的居所移到一个不太招眼的地方，但他依旧自娱自乐。任何活生生的东西，只要胆敢闯入他链长所及的范围内，就免不了被折腾得手忙脚乱一阵子。而那些倒霉的鸡鸭，却经常误入他的领地。那就会被他一下子抓住，有时竟被他扼杀，不过更多的时候，他都是恶作剧地对这些痛苦的阶下囚实施全身或半身拔毛手术，然后再放开。 然而，有一只鸡却让他突然强烈地喜欢上了。他是逮住了它，但他即不拔毛也不扼杀，反倒是百般怜惜、抚爱有加。这种毫无顾忌的举动使那只不幸的鸡恐怕是宁受拔毛之刑吧。猴子拧它，揉它，抚摸它，搂抱它，把它举得高高地，令它展翅起舞，又把它放开一会儿，可当它试图逃脱时又顽皮地将它两腿一抓。可那只鸡怎么地都不领情，反倒是完全误解了猴情猴意。但猴子却始终不渝，牢牢地紧握着这个心肝宝贝不放松。他满以为忠贞不渝的柔情蜜意即能赢得芳心归，没想到讨好卖乖了一番却不成功，因而更加大献殷勤：不一样地抚摸，更挚着地摩挲，更卖力地搓揉，还逗得它更欢快地舞蹈。可万分钟情也未能赢得回眸一顾。终于，在猴子极其亲昵的拥抱中，鸡给整死了，至死也未能理解猴的一片赤诚。 猴子处于极度悲伤之中。可想而知，他好不容易发现心爱之鸡，而这心爱之鸡未能回报丝毫之柔情，竟弃他而去！可悲复可怜！他开始着手祭奠的仪式，每一动作都表现出他沉痛
综合英语教程6 翻译
1. They can move a nation to fall on its knees and sincerely worship an Emperor who, without the clothes and the title, would drop to the rank of the cobbler and be swallowed up and lost sight of in the massed multitude of the inconsequentials... 衣着与头衔能让一个民族心甘情愿地跪拜在一个君主面前。而这个君主，如果没有衣着和头衔的支撑，会沦为鞋匠之流，消失在芸芸众生之中。 2. Is the human race a joke? Was it devised and patched together in a dull time when there was nothing important to do? 人类是玩笑的结果吗？是上帝感到无聊又无大事可做时草草拼在一起的玩物吗？ 3. Mine are able to expand a human cipher into a globe-shadowing portent. 我的衣着能把我从一个无名小卒变成了一个全球耀眼的巨人。 4. And probably at no other point is the sense of shabbiness so keenly felt as it is if we fall short of the standard set by social usage in this matter of dress. 可能最感到寒酸的时刻是我们没按照社会的规范穿着自己。 5. It is true of dress in even a higher degree than of most other items of other consumption, that people will undergo a very considerable degree of privation in the comforts or the necessaries of life in order to afford what is considered a decent amount of wasteful consumption. 人们为了能付得起一定量的、通常被认为是浪费性的消费，会在生活的其他方面尽量节俭。这在穿衣方面表现得尤其明显。 6. The commercial value of the goods used for clothing in any modern community is made up to a much larger extent of the fashionableness, the reputability of the goods than of the mechanical service, which they render in clothing the person of the wearer. 在任何一个现代社会，用作穿着的商品的商业价值在很大程度上不取决于它的商业服务功能，而是该商品本身和在包装穿戴者时所产生的时髦效益及声誉。 7. This would require a loss of wholeness and self, a dishonest constraint. 这会使人们失去自我，是一种虚伪的限制。 1. Today, thanks to the democratization of technology, all sorts of countries have the opportunity to assemble the technologies, raw materials and funding to be producers, or subcontractors, of highly complex finished products or services, and this becomes another subtle factor knitting the world more tightly together. 今天，由于技术的普及，每个国家都有机会聚集各种技术、原材料和资金，成为制造商或转包商，生产或者销售高度复杂的终端产品或者服务，这成为另一种把世界更紧密地联系在一起的无形的因素。 2. The creation of this corporate bond market introduced some pluralism into the world of finance and took away the monopoly of the banks. 企业债券市场的出现，将多元化引入金融界，打破了银行的垄断。 3. Investment banks started approaching banks and home mortgage companies, buying up their whole portfolio of mortgage… 投资银行开始去找银行和房屋按揭公司，将它们的按揭债务全部买下 4. You could take your choice, and people did. 人们可以有多种选择，而且也确实这样做了。 5. By shrinking a world to a size smal l, globalization brings home to everyone just how ahead or behind they are. 全球化把世界缩小，全球化让每个人都可以看清楚，自己的日子是过得比人好还是比人差