情态动词(讲解版)

Modal Verbs

表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词叫情态动词。

1）情态动词不能单独作谓语，没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

2）情态动词的否定式是在情态动词后面直接+not。

3）情态动词的疑问式是把情态动词提到主语前。

can, could（be able to）may, might

must （have to）

will, would shall, should ought to need

dare

I.can/ could

1.___Can___ you speak Japanese Just a little.

2.Only the judge ___can___ save her from prison.

3.I ___could___ drive a car before I left middle school.

4.It was so dark that I ___could___ see nothing.

Note: 表能力、有权力（could是can的过去式）

5.--___Can/Could ___ I go home now --Yes, you can.–No, you can’t.

6.--___Can/Could___ I speak to Andrew

7.You ___can’t___（not）smoke here.

Note: （口语）允许、请求，表可以 (could非can的过去式，表委婉)

8.It ___can___/could ____ be very cold here, even in spring.

9.She is clever, but she ___can___/could___ be dull sometimes. Note: （表示偶然现象发生的可能性）有时会，时而可能

10.It ___can’t___/couldn’t___(not) be my father. He is abroad now.

11.There is someone outside. Who ___can___ it be

12.You __can’t/couldn’t have seen him__ (not see) him. He was not there.

13.She __ can’t/couldn’t have been ___(not be) more than six then.

14.He __ can’t/couldn’t have finished___ (not finish) the work last

night without your help.

Note: 表推测（否定、疑问句）

15.He __could have told__(tell) me the answer but he refused to. Note: 过去本能做而没有做

16.You _cannot/ can never_________ do the work too well.

17.You _cannot /can never__ be careful enough in your study.

Note: cannot…too; can never... too; cannot enough再…都不为过；越…越好

can & be able to

区别：1. can 只有两种时态现在时can & 过去时 could

be able to 有各种时态

2. 用于一般所具有的能力，可以互换，但是当表示成功做到时，通常用

be able to或manage to

1.He _can/is able to_ write music.

2.We shall __be able to__ finish the work soon.

3.I haven’t_been able to_ find the book.

4.He _could/was able to__ swim like a fish when he was young.

5.I talked with her for a long time and finally I __was able to_ make

her believe me.

6.The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody ___was able

to /managed___ to escape.

II.may/might

1.--__May___ I leave now

--Yes, you __may__./Yes，please.

--No, you __may not /can’t/mustn’t___.

2. He asked if he _might_____ use the phone.

3. We start early so that we _may/might___ arrive in time.

Note: （允许、请求）可以

4. __May__ you be happy all your life.

Note: 祝、愿

5. John is absent. He __may/might_____ be ill.

6. It _may/might______ rain tomorrow or it __may/might_____ be merely cloudy.

7. I can’t find my book. I _may/might have left___(leave) it in your office just now.

8. You know this story very well. You _may/might have read___(read) it before.

Note: 表推测

9. We start early so that we ___may ___ arrive in time.

10. I wrote down his telephone number so that I ___might___ remember it. Note: 表目的（用于目的状语从句中）

maybe & may be

11. He ___may be ___ here. I’m not sure.

12. ____Maybe______ you should call him.

13. –Are you going out tonight

-- ____Maybe____.

III.must

1.You __must___ have a passport if you want to go abroad.

2.Drivers __mustn’t___ drive after drinking.

Note: （义务、责任、强制、命令）必须应该

3.You _must_______ first finish your homework before you watch TV.

4.--_Must________ I come tomorrow

--Yes, you __must____.

--No, you __needn’t/ don’t have to_____.

Note: （说话者主观上的意愿、建议、命令等）应该、必须、务必

5.Winter __must___ be followed by spring.

6.All living things ___must___ die.

Note: 表示客观规律不可避免性或必然性，注定要，必然（只用于肯定句）

7.You __must___ be ill. I can see it from your face.

8.You __must have read___(read) the book. You know the story very well.

9.There’s much noise from next door. They __must be having__(have) a

party.

Note: 表肯定推测

Must & have to

区别：1. have to 用于各种时态，还可和其它情态动词连用

2. have to 表示因客观环境的迫使而不得不做某事

1.-- Let’s see a movie tonight.

--I’d love to, but I __have to____ take care of my mom.

2. They __had to__ speed up, for the weather turned terrible.

3. They will ___have to ___ get up early tomorrow.

4. We may ___have to___ put off the plan.

5. You ___don’t have to ___ tell him about it.不一定要

6. You ___mustn’t ___ tell him about it. 一定不要

IV.shall

1.I __shall________ ring you as soon as I arrive.

Note:将来时（第一人称）将要、会

2.__Shall______ I open the window for you

3.Let’s go to the cinema tonight, __shall___we

Note: （在问句中表示说话人征求对方意见或提出建议，用于第一、三人称）…好么

V. should & ought to

1.We hoped that we __should______ be able to do that.

Note: 用于过去将来时

2.You _should/ought to____ be more careful next time.

3._Should____ I call him and apologize

Note: (表示建议、劝告、命令、要求) 应该，必须（ought to 语气强）

4.It’s 4:30. They __should______ be in New York by now.

Note: (表示说话者根据一定的依据猜测、推测、推论等)该，可能

5.You _should have told__(tell) me earlier about it, but you didn’t.

6.You __shouldn’t have done_________ (do) that to your mother, but you

did.

Note: 过去按理该…而实际没有…（常有责备、埋怨、惋惜之意）

VI. will

1.He _will____ come back soon.

Note: 将来时

2.I hope you __will____ succeed.

3.I __will____ do my best to help you.

Note: （表意愿、决心、承诺）要、愿、想、会、保证

4.When he is in trouble, he __will______ turn to his coach for help.

5.I _will___ turn you out of doors if you don’t keep quiet.

Note: 状语从句

VII. would

1.He told us that he __would______ meet us at the airport.

Note: 过去将来时

2.--__Would______ you mind my smoking

--Yes, _please don’t. /You’d better not. _______________.

---No, __go ahead______________

Note: 提出请求、邀请（委婉）

3.I __would________ like to see a film tonight.

4.I _would____ rather not leave you here.

5._Would __ you please _not smoke____(not smoke) here

Note: 意愿、决心、喜欢等

6.He _would_________ be delighted if I went to see him.

7.If you had come earlier, you _would have seen__(see) him.

Note: 条件句（虚拟）

8.When he was young, he __would__often __walk___ (walk) in these woods. Note: （表过去习惯性、经常性的行为或动作）总是

VIII. need (情态动词没有过去式)

Note: 1) need 作实意动词，有人称、时态和数的变化

2) need 作情态动词，只能用在否定句和疑问句中，没有人称、时态和数

的变化

need sth don’t need sth Do … need sth

need to do don’t need to do Do …need to do…

needn’t do Need …do …

1.He __needs to_________(go) there now.

2.He _need not/ doesn’t need to go__ (not go) there now.

3.--__Need_/Does ______he ____go_/need to go___(go) there now

-- Yes, he _must__/does______.

--No, he _needn’t_/doesn’t________.

4. He needs to finish the work by Friday, ___doesn’t______ he

5. He needn’t stay there, __need_______ he

6.He __needn’t have given_____ (not give) her so much money at the time,

and now he regrets it.

Note: needn’t have done过去本不必做却做了

need doing & need to be done

7.I _need to__ (repair) the computer.

The computer __needs repairing_____.(repair)

The computer __needs to be repaired____(repair)

IX. dare （情态动词有过去式dared）

Note: 1) dare作实意动词，有人称、时态和数的变化

2) dare作情态动词，只能用在否定句和疑问句中，没有人称和数的变化,

但有过去时。

dare to do don’t dare to do Do …dare to do…

dare not do Dare…do …

1.He __dares to say__(say) what he thinks.

2.He __dare not say_/doesn’t dare to say______(not say) what he thinks.

3.--__Dare_/Does _____he __say_/dare to say____(say) what he thinks

--Yes, he __dare/ does_________.

--No, he __dare not/ doesn’t______.

4. How __dare_____ you say(say) so

5. I __dare__ you ___to climb_____(climb) the tree.

Note: dare sb. to do sth.谅某人也不敢做某事

6. I __dare say________(say) things will improve.

Note: I dare say我敢说，我认为，很可能，恐怕

补充：

1．情态动词表猜测时，不同的“肯定”程度依次排列如下：

He is at home. ( 事实）

He must be at home.（非常可能）

He should be at home.（很可能）

He may be at home.（仅仅可能）

He might be at home.（或许）

He isn’t at home.（事实）

He can’t be home.（接近肯定）

He couldn’t be at home.（不及can’t 肯定）

He may not be at home. （可能，但不肯定）

He might not be at home.（不及 may 肯定）。

2．情态动词+ have done

could have done （本能做而没做…）

can’t / couldn’t have done （不可能已经做了…）

must have done （肯定已经…）

may/might have done (可能已经做了…)

might not have done （不太可能已经…）

should have done (本应该而没做…)

shouldn’t have done（本不应当做而做了…）

needn’t have done（本没必要而做了…）

1.Why did you stay at a hotel when you were in New York You ____could

have stayed _____ with Barbara there.

2.The phone rang but I didn’t hear. I ____ must have been asleep _____

at that time.

3.–Do you think she saw you --No, she was too far away. She __couldn’t

have seen ___ me.

4.–I wonder why she didn’t say hello. Perhaps she didn’t see me.

--That’s possible. She ___ might not have seen ___ you.

5. –Do you know where George is I can’t find him anywhere.

--I’m not sure. He ____ might have gone shopping___.

6. If I hadn’t slipped on the stairs, I ___ wouldn’t have broken____ my arm.

7. Why did you wash that shirt It wasn’t dirty. You ___ needn’t have washed ___ it.

8. It was a great party last night. You ___ should have come___. Why didn’t you

9. I’m feeling sick, for I have eaten a lot of chocolate. I _____ shouldn’t have eaten ____ too much chocolate.