高中英语语法知识点 名词
考点02 名词
高考频度：★★★★☆【命题解读】
名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。研究近年的高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考查，考查题型以短文改错、完形填空、语法填空为主。
【命题预测】
预计2017年的高考名词在完形填空、短文改错及语法填空中仍会占有重要地位。【复习建议】
在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。
考向一可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
注意：①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以－f或－fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，它们是＂为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半＂，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
但下列以－f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，如：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。
③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman doctor→women doctors
(2)不规则变化
①常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
②自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children man男人→men tooth牙→teeth foot脚，英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice phenomenon现象→phenomena medium传播媒介→media
1. （2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【答案】effects
2.（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract)... The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that
while one is being bottle-fed, 70(the) other is with mum — she never suspects. 61.【答案】attraction
【解析】考查名词。形容词top后面跟名词形式。
69.【答案】days
【解析】考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。
考向二不可数名词具体化
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice建议，furniture家具，fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻，weather天气，progress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔hair 头发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
考向三名词所有格
(1)－’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s在理发店
at the teacher’s在老师办公室
(2)of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the content of the novel小说的内容
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)
The village is far away from here indeed. It’s _________ walk.
A. a four hour
B. a four hour’s
C. a four-hours
D. a four hours’
【答案】D
考向四名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。
（3）作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。Zxx&k
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
college students大学生girl friend女友vegetable garden菜园basketball match篮球赛Let’s sto p by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’ books学生用书
China’s capital中国的首都
the world’s population世界人口
（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语
man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产clothes shop服装商店sales department营业部a goods train货车savings bank 储蓄所foreign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语) （7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women drivers女司机the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mother tongue母语mother’s tongue母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gold watch 金表(指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表(指表是金色的，但不一定含金) 6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。
考点五疑难名词比较与辨析
1.force; energy; strength; power
force表示＂力、力量＂的意思。指为做或实现某事而实际运用的力量。
He overcame his bad habits by force of will.毅力使他克服了自己身上的不良习惯。
Those people are the progressive forces in the society. 这些人是社会的进步力量。
energy主要强调＂精力＂，指用来做某事或完成某事的能力。还可以指＂能源＂。Young people usually have more energy than the old. 青年人通常此老年人精力充沛。
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of energy. 很多国
家正在提高天然气、风以及其他能源形式的利用。
strength表示＂力＂的意思。指做事情的--种内在能力。就人而育，着重指力气；就物而言，着重指强度潜力等。
He lifted the stone with all his strength.他使出全身力气举起了那块石头。
The side man hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed. 那位病人还没有足够的力气下床。power 表示＂能力、能量、动力＂的意思。指身体上、心理上和道德上的能力(不管是否发挥出)。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
I shall do everything in my power to help you.我将尽我的能力帮助你。
2.manner; means; method; way
manner表示＂方式、方法＂的意思。指个人喜欢采用的方式。
The manner of their meeting makes a good story. 他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。
He has developed his own manner of acting. 它形成了自己独特的演出风格。
means表示＂方法、手段、工具＂的意思。
Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job. 学生有时通过晚上打工的方法来养活自己。
The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅行工具是飞机。
Have you the means to support a family? 你有维持家的方法没有?
method指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概念的原理。
His idea is all right, but he lacks method.他的想法不错，但是缺少方法。
He is a man of method.他是个有条理的人。
method of teaching 教学方法method of study 学习方法
Roasting is one method of cooking meat. 烤是做肉的一种方法。
way是最通用的词，也是最不正式的词，本义是＂通道、通路＂，引申作＂方式、方法＂讲，含义很广。
In this way over several days, the artist and his mice became friends. 就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
Look ! Work on it in this way. 看!像这样搞它。
My parents always let me have my own way of living.
At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics。
A. approaches
B. means
C. methods
D. ways
【答案】D。
【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。
3.cost; price; value; worth; expense
cost表示＂成本、费用＂的意思。原指生产某种物品的成本，包括生产中所支付的原料和劳动。一般要低于售价，有时也可用来泛指价格。也可用于借喻，指所付出的代价，甚至生命。
As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90%. 因此，成本将会降低90% 之多。
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper. 《中国日报》刊登大量广告有助于降低报纸生产的成本。
price表示＂价格、价钱、定价＂的意思。指经营商品出售的单价，通常要高于商品的出厂成本。也用于借喻，指做某事所付出的代价。
Can you try to get them to bring down the price? 你能把价格讲下来吗?
They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 他们可以在首都以高价出售他们的牛肉。value表示＂价值、价格＂。指我们所估计一件东西的价值，因此是不能以金钱估价的。Instead, they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world, the value of having good friends and so on. 他们现在再一次写常人常事——现代世界中的孤独感及交好朋友的价值等等。
The park is good value for the money.公园花这么多钱值得。
worth意思是价值。指东西本身的真正价值，是经久不变的，是可贵的。
It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它最多值500法郎。
He asked me how much this computer was worth. 他问我这台计算机值多少钱。
expense意思是＂费用、支出、开销＂，指花费金钱、时间和精力。
We travelled to France at our own expense. 我们自费去法国旅行了。
Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be?你知道谁将担负你访问日本的费用吗?
https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff10828790.html,nd; ground; soil; earth
land表示＂陆地、土地、地＂，是河流和海洋的相对用语。用于指土地或土壤时，着重指它的性质、用途等。有时泛指大地，也可作＂国家、地产＂讲。
The rocky soil has been turned into rich land.岩石地已变成了沃土。
But some people don’t want good farm land to be built on. 但是有些人不愿意把好的农田用来修建厂房。
To the sea captain’s surprise, he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant. 使那位船长吃惊的是，他发现陆地旅行也很愉快。
ground(n. )表示＂地、土地＂的意思。主要指大地表面，也可以指土壤、场地。也可用于借喻指＂根据、理由＂。
He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops. 他学会了在种植作物之前如何拾掇毛糙的土地。
Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner.然而，当二班运动员传给第四棒时，接力棒掉在地上了。
soil表示＂土壤、土地＂，指可以生长植物且富有有机物的沃土，宜于农耕。
When the plants are in the ground, I’ll put some powder on the soil.当植物种到地里时，我将给地里撒些粉剂。
He studied how to improve soil conditions.他研究如何改善土壤环境。
earth表示＂地、地球、泥土＂，着重指＂大地＂，以别于天空。作＂泥土＂解时，常用于以别于坚硬的岩石。
Later, in a few weeks’ time I’ll put the little plants in the earth. 几星期后，我将把小植物埋在泥土里。
5.practice; exercise; training; drill
practice; exercise; training; drill都表示＂练习、训练＂的意思。
training表示＂训练、培养、教练、锻炼＂的意思。一般指对于身体的锻炼、对动物的训练、
对士兵的训练等。
These football players had no strict training until they joined our club.这些足球队员直到加入我们俱乐部才受到严格的训练。
The athlete is in training.这个运动员锻炼得好。
The home training of children is the first class social problem. 儿童的家庭教育是社会的头等问题。
exercise主要指为提高技巧或业务水平而规定的＂练习或体格锻炼＂。
The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners. 书中有一系列按难易排列的练习适于初学者应用。
You need more outdoor exercise.你需要多进行户外运动。
practice主要指正规的、有条理的、不断反复的＂练习＂或把理论道理贯彻在行动中的＂实践＂。
More practice will make you speak with greater fluency. 多练习会使你口语更流利。
The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism. 理论和实践的统一是马克思主义的基本论点之一。
drill表示＂操练、训练＂的意思。一般指严格的训练或反反复复练习或军事上的练兵。Let’s do some pattern drills.咱们做些句型练习吧。
The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard.士兵们在营场上操练。
6.sign; signal; mark; symbol
sign表示＂符号、记号、招牌＂等意思。是最普通的用语，指一个具有公认意义的、简单的、随意制定的代表物。
Letters are signs used to represent sounds.字母是用来代表声音的符号。
You’ll see the sign for the rest rooms.你将看到休息室的指示牌。
signal表示＂暗号、信号＂的意思。有时是有意的;有时是无意的。有意的，如强风讯号、求救信号等。
There the electrical signal is changed back into sound. 在那儿电信号又变成声音。
mark表示＂痕迹、记号、商标、特征、分数＂的意思。指印在物品上的记号，可用在好坏两个方面。作动词时，表示＂标明、作记号＂的意思。
He got full marks in his maths test. 他在数学测试中得了满分。
Each stone was marked with a number. 每个石头上都标明号码。
symbol表示＂象征＂的意思，特别强调故意用来包含某一特定意义的东西，或故意构成的传达某一特定意义的事物。
a good luck symbol 好运气的象征
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power. 狮子被看作百兽之王，是因为它是勇气与权利的象征。
1. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct________.
A．solution B．target C．measure D．function
【答案】A
【解析】句意：学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题，但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决办法。本题考查名词辨析。solution 解决问题的办法；target目标，靶子；measure措施；function 功能，作用。根据句意可知选A。
2.（2017年新课标I卷完形填空）Before the school year 47 (ended) ,I gave the kids a special 48 , T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your49 ” on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull ,most of the 50(fun) things they do.zx&xk]
48.A.lesson B. gift C. report D. message
49. A. Friends B. Awards C. Masters D. Tasks 48.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析，A.lesson课，教训，B.gift礼物， C.report 报告，D.message信息，根据后文可知作者送给Freddy一件衬衫，即一个特殊的礼物，故选B。
49.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A.Friends 朋友，B.Awards奖， C.Masters 主人，D.Tasks任务。
衬衫上写着“动词是你的朋友”，故选A。
3.（2017年北京卷完形填空）… In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of 51 .For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world….
51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments
52. A. needs B. interests C. dreams D. efforts
51.【答案】A
52. 【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。A. needs 需要 B. interests 兴趣C. dreams梦想D. efforts努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了认可年轻人改变这个世界所作出的努力，根据句意可知选D。
4. The accident caused some ________ to my car，but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm
B. injury
C. ruin
D. damage
【答案】D
【解析】【解析】考查名词。damage指使用价值遭到损坏，这种损坏是部分性的，不是完全，根据语境＂it is nothing serious＂所以选D。harm指肉体上或精神上的伤害。injury指人在事故中受伤。ruin 多用于借喻之中，经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。
题组一（真题在线）
1.（2016·浙江）It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition
B. income
C. credit
D. status
2.（2016·天津）The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect
B. sense
C. change
D. chance
3.（2016·江苏） ____________ — Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe
B. record
C. range
D. receipt
4.（·湖北）When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.
A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place
5.（·湖北）He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion
B. talent
C. identity
D. treasure
6.（·安徽）There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought
B. support
C. protection
D. authority
7.（·江苏）—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests
B. excuses
C. apologies
D. regrets
8.（·江苏）Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments
B. adjustments
C. comments
D. achievements
9.（·福建）The failure was a big __________to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow
B. issue
C. excuse
D. Factor
10.（·浙江）One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
A. production
B. stress
C. energy
D. passive
题组二
1.They have a 22:00 _______. That is, they have to be in their dorm by 22:00 on school nights.
A. limit
B. entry
C. schedule
D. block
2.To allow all students _________to education, China has to increase education spending to 4.5 percent of GDP.
A. access
B. level
C. account
D. commitment
3.It is believed that very little _____has been made of the waste materials from factories in the
past decades, which on the contrary has brought pollution to the environment.
A. cost
B. use
C. value
D. action
4.England is a multicultural society and welcomes a variety of cultures which add a __________ to our daily lives.
A. collision
B. dimension
C. dilemma
D. privilege
5.Lots of campaigns have occurred in China to defend the Nansha Islands recently. What is your _________ of the situation?
A. intention
B. assessment
C. attitude
D. appointment
6.My morning ________ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.
A. drill
B. action
C. regulation
D. routine
7.Harry has been out of work for six months, so he has difficulty __________.
A. earning livings
B. earning his living
C.to earn livings
D.to earn his living
8.The role will be the biggest __________of his acting career.
A. conclusion
B. challenge
C. explanation
D. approach
9.Finding the window was broken, he asked whose __________it was.
A. mistake
B. error
C. fault
D. responsibility
10.She does exercise every morning to keep her __________.
A. figure
B. nature
C. image
D. character
题组三
语篇填空
Robots used for housework __1__ (test) out in some __2__(family). Tony，one of the __3__(robot)，looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair，speaking in a deep voice. Larry was going to be away from home. Also，__4__ (curious) drove him to have a try on such a new thing. So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire. Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning，but she agreed to it at last. At the first sight of Tony，Claire felt embarrassed. Gradually，Tony began to win the __5__(hostess) trust. He helped Claire realize her dreams by
making her home elegant，giving her a new haircut，changing the make－up she wore and giving her advice on her personal __6__(dress). Therefore at the party all her guests who __7__(invite) were filled with __8__(admire) when they saw her house was completely changed. After the test, the company __9__(be)satisfied with Tony’s report and believed it was __10__success because he had successfully made a woman regain her confidence and fall in love with him.
题组一
2.D 【解析】句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；
D.机会，可能性。故选D。
3.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt
收据，收条；句意：—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。
根据句意可知A项意为＂秘诀＂，与上下文相符。
4.A 【解析】句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。A项＂平衡＂；B
项＂机会＂；C项＂记忆＂；D项＂地方＂。lose one’s balance＂失去平衡＂。故选A 项。
5.C 【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项＂
情绪＂；B项
＂才能＂；C项＂身份＂；D项＂财富＂。故选C项。
【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词＂secret task（秘密任务）＂和＂gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）＂，然后推知肯定是为了＂hide his identity （掩藏身份）＂，从而锁定正确答案。
6.A 【解析】句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；
C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。
7.C 【解析】句意：——Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。——我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的
道歉不满意。A项＂请求＂；B项＂借口＂；C项＂道歉＂；D项＂遗憾，后悔＂。故选C项。
8.B 【解析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项＂判断，
决断＂；B项＂调整＂；C项＂评价，评论＂；D项＂成就＂。故选B项。
【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on＂对……做出评价/评论＂，缩小正确答案的范围。
9.A 【解析】blow打击；issue问题；excuse借口；factor要素。句意：这个失败对他来说
是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A
10.B 【解析】句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。production
产品，stress压力，energy能源，passive力量。根据常识可知，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B.。
题组二
2.A【解析】考查名词辨析。access使用权；level水平；account账目，解释；commitment
犯罪，委托。allow sb. sth.提供某人某物。句意：为了给所有学生提供受教育的权利，中国不得不将教育投入增长到GDP的4.5%。故选A。
3.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为：有人认为在过去几十年里，来自工厂的废料的利
用率很小，这反而给环境带来了污染。make use of是固定搭配，表示＂利用＂，故B 项正确。
4.B【解析】考查名词辨析。collision碰撞；dimension方面；dilemma困境；privilege特权。
句意：英国是一个多元文化的社会，它欢迎为我们日常生活增添内容的各种文化。故选B。
5.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。intention意图，打算；assessment评估，评价；attitude态
度；appointment约定，约会。句意：在中国，为了保卫南沙群岛，开展了大量的运动。你对形势有什么评估？根据句意，B选项正确。attitude要和介词to/toward连用。
6.D【解析】考查名词。句意：我早上要做的事包括在公园慢走和吃早餐时读报。drill＂操
练，（反复）练习＂；action＂行动，行为＂；regulation＂规则，规章＂；routine＂常规，日常事务＂。故选D。
8.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。challenge＂
挑战＂，符合句意。
9.C 【解析】考查名词。句意：发现窗户被打破了，他问那是谁的过错。mistake指判断或
理解方面，或因考虑不周而造成的错误；error 常指违反一定标准而犯的错误；fault 表示过失，侧重于所要承担责任的过错；responsibility指责任。根据句意可知，此处指把窗户打破了的过错，故选C。
10.A 【解析】考查词汇辨析。句意:她每天早上做运动以保持身材。figure＂身材，身段＂，符合句意。
题组三
语篇填空
1.were tested
2.families
3.robots
4.curiosity 5．hostess’6.dresses7.were invited8.admiration 9．was10.a
最新高中英语语法-名词练习题
一、基础练习 1、There are only twelve ______in the hospital.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff10828790.html,rmations https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff10828790.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
高中英语语法填空短文改错专项练习题
专题练习一 A (2017·山西省大同市灵丘县模拟) The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military book __1__(date) from the 5th century BC.__2__ (write) by the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu (“Master Sun”，also spelled Sunzi), the book consists of 13 chapters, each of __3__ is devoted to one aspect of warfare. It is__4__ (common) thought of __5__ a great work on military strategy and tactics(战术). It __6__ (place) at the head of China's Seven Military Classics in 1080 by Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty , __7__ it has long been the most influential strategy text in East Asia. It has had__8__ influence on Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond. Its first complete English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910. __9__ (leader) such as Mao Zedong, General V o Nguyen Giap, General Douglas MacArthur and so on have drawn__10__ (inspire) from the work. 答案与解析 文章介绍了“孙子兵法”这本中国古代杰出的军事作品，以及对后人的影响。 1．dating考查非谓语动词。此处dating from是现在分词短语作定语，修饰book。 2．Written考查非谓语动词。分析句式可知，write和句子主语the book 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式表示被动。 3．which考查关系代词。根据句式可知，此处是一个非限制性
高中英语语法详解：动名词
高中英语语法详解：动名词 概念 动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式 相关知识点精讲： 1.作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2.作宾语 a. 有些动词能够用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成
imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面能够用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on
高中英语语法最重要知识汇总
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
高中英语语法名词练习题
一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff10828790.html,rmations https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff10828790.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
高中英语动名词知识点
The Gerund Seeing (see) is believing. Having solved (solve) this difficult question made her very happy. Being invited (invite) to the party is a great honor. Having been defeated (defeat) by such a weak team made the players very upset. 1. 定义： 动名词是英语动词的一种非谓语形式。动名词的构成：动词加上ing 构成。顾名思义，动名词有双重功能。它既有名词的特点---可作句子的主语，动词和介词的宾语；也有动词的特点---可以有自己的宾语和状语。 First, exchange a “Hello” or “Hi” with the foreigner, but at the same time, pay close attention and see if he feels like chatting. That’s the cue for you to stop moving on. Making small talk can be one of life’s pleasures. 2. 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语。 1) 作主语 ①直接位于句首做主语。 . _____D_____ clean is a safeguard against disease. A. To be keeping B. Kept C. Keep D. Keeping 读书是一种艺术。 Reading is an art. 爬山是真有趣。 Climbing mountains is really fun . ②动名词作主语，除了放在句首，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于 句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如： It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 注：动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.
(完整版)高中英语语法知识思维导图
什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not
一般现在时vs.一般过去时
一般将来时 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示 将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。
进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?
进行时(2)
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导学案
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