虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

1. 连词if 的省略

if 虚拟条件句中有should, had 或were时,if 可以省略,将should, had 或were放在句首。如:

Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.

如果我当时努力学习的话,我当然会成功的。

Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad.

如果她是我的女儿,我就不让她出国学习了。

2.混合虚拟语气

有时条件从句和结果主句所表示的时间不一致,这就要求主从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。如:

If she had followed the doctor’s advice, she would be quite all right now.

如果当时她听医生的话,她现在就会好了。

3.含蓄条件句

含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:

(1)介词(短语),主要有but for, without, in case of等。如:

But for your help, I couldn’t finish the work on time.

要不是你的帮助,我不可能按时完成工作。

Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.

没有电,就没有现代工业。

(2)通过上下文,句中往往有otherwise, or等词。如:

I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you.

我昨天很忙,要不然我就来看你了。

4. 不用if 引导的条件从句

非真实条件句中的条件从句除用if引导外,还可用as if, unless, in case, for fear,on condition等引导。如:

I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.

我给你留个座,没准你会改变主意。

He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow.

如果明天能还回来,他就可以用这辆自行车。

5. 只保留从句的虚拟语气

这种从句常表示一种不可能实现的愿望,常用if only 引导。如:

If only I hadn’t wasted the time in high school.

我要是上中学时没有荒废时间就好了。

6. 表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等的虚拟语气

表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等动词的宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”虚拟结构。表示“决定”、“主张”的动词主要有decide, insist, persist等;

“命令”的动词主要有demand, desire, require, request, propose, 表示“要求”、

“建议”、

suggest, command, order 等。如:

My parents advise I not watch TV too much.

我父母劝我不要看太多的电视。

The people present at the meeting all persisted that the river not be polluted again.

所有与会者都强烈坚持河流不能再被污染了。

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种: 一 .虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。 1.与现在事实相反 (1) If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. (2) If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 2.与过去事实相反 If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 3.与将来事实相反

If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be putoff. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 4.错综时间虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home. If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better. 状语从句 1. 方式状语as if(as though) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) He looks at me as if I were mad. (2) He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win. 2. 目的状语in order that,so that , lest ,for fear that等 从句谓语动词用" may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. (2) We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us. 3. 连词引导的条件状语从句:

高考虚拟语气用法详解()

高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样,语气也是谓语动词的一种形式,它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。(有的语法书说语气有四种,即还包括疑问语气)。 eg:①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。(陈述语气) ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有?(疑问语气) ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。(祈使语 气) 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中,由于说话人的意图不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况,一种愿望,怀疑,推测,请求等,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句(遵循主将从现原则) A.由If引导的两种条件句: 非真实条件句(虚拟语气) 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法: 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg:①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话,我会重新考虑他们的意见。(与现在事实相反) ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服,你就不会得感冒了。(与过去事实相反)

虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气用法归纳 1、在非真实条件句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。非真实条件有以下三类: (1)与现在事实相反的非真实条件句,谓语动词形式如下: 从句:过去时 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形。如 If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice. 如果我是你的话,我就请教老师。 (2)与过去事实相反的非真实条件句,谓语动词形式如下: 从句:过去完成时 主句:would/should/could/ might +have+动词过去分词。如 If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t have missed the contest. 如果我没有搭错车,我就不会不参加竞赛。 (3)与将来事实相反的非真实条件句,谓语动词形式如下: 从句:过去时/should /were to +动词原形 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形。如 If I had enough money next month, I would buy a copy of “The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English”. 如果我下个月有足够的钱,我就会买一本《现代高级英语学习词典》。 (4)混合时间条件句:主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。如 If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend. 假如我以前学过法语,现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译。 (注:if从句与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;而主句与现在事实相反,用would+动词原形。)

可用虚拟语气的用法总结

虚拟语气的用法总结 语气:语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if,采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移到从句的句首。例如: Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三.含蓄条件句

虚拟语气的特殊用法教学提纲

虚拟语气的特殊用法

虚拟语气的特殊用法 江苏省郑集高级中学李博雅 一.在动词suggest(提议,提出,建议), advise(劝告,忠告), order(命令,下令,吩咐), demand(要求), propose(提议), require(要求), insist(坚持, 坚决主张), command(命令), request(请求, 恳求), desire(请求), prefer(提出)等动词后的宾语从句的谓语,这些词的过去分词作表语时主语从句的谓语,以及这些词的名词同位语从句、作主语时的表语从句的谓语常用“should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气, should可以省略。如: 1. The man demanded that Tom (should) apologize. 2. He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting. 3. I requested that he (should) use his influence on my behalf. 4. The general ordered the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.(宾语从句) = The general’s order was that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.(表语从句) = It was ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.(主语从句) = The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.(同位语从句) 5. I suggest that he (should) be careful.(宾语从句) = My suggestion is that he (should) be careful.(表语从句) = It is suggested that he (should) be careful.(主语从句) = I gave him the suggestion that he (should) be careful.(同位语从句) 二.在动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,现在或将来的动作用过去式(常含有情态动词could或would);过去的动作用过去完成式。wish用过去式,从句中与wished同时发生的动作或在将来发生的动作仍用过去式(也常含有情态动词could或would);在wished之前发生的动作用过去完成式。如: 1. How I wish I could fly to the moon. 2. He wishes I had come yesterday. 3. I wished he could come to give me a hand. 4. We wished he had received the news two days earlier. 三.在以 in order that, so that 引导的状语从句中,谓语常用“may, might, can, could, will, would, should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。有时也可用“should + 动词原形”,特别是从句为否定结构。如: 1. The teacher spoke slowly so that the students could / might hear clearly. 2. What is needed in order that electrical charges may move? 3. She stood away so that I should enter first. 4. I got up early so that I should not miss the train. 仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2

完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图

虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 2.表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3.表示与将来事实相反,(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意:1.在as if/as though 句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气。 例:He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest,for fear that,so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防,以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 由“providing(that) /provided(that)/on condition that/suppose (that)/supposing (that)”引导的条件从句根据情况,1.可以用虚拟语气。 例:suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例:They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..

虚拟语气完整用法

虚拟语气 一、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 1、 should +动词原形(有时省略should) (1)用在动词如advise, request, require, suggest, urge,demand, desire,command, insist, order, propose, recommend, 等后的宾语从句中。 例如: 1)They requested that we (should) send a invitation to their school、 2)He urged that he acquaint and apply the methods、 2、用在it is suggested,it has been decided, it is desired, it was proposed,it is required, it was ordered, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。 例如: 1)It is required that we (should) get everything done by tomorrow night、 2)It is imperative that the teachers (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject they teach、 3、用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句与同位语从句 例如:She drives her vessel carefully lest she should lost her way、 4.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如:He laughed as if he had never been happier before、 5.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中 例如:It is high time you stop bitting your child、 6.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例1:I wish I were as tall as you、 例2:He insisted that we (should) catch up the first bus in the morning、 7.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中

虚拟语气用法归纳优选稿

虚拟语气用法归纳文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句,表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气,愿望以及建议,命令,要求等等的情感,往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后,有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块,第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面:基本用法,各自为政,以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法: 通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的,如果两者时间不一致,此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同,采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合,一边有三种情况,交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样,我们要遵循一个原则,就是“各自为政”。例如,从句是对过去情况的假设,而主句则是对现在情况的假设,那我们在使用时,从句就用过去完成式,而主句要用

would/could do的形式。当然,也不是所有的AB配就是合理的,有时候在具体语境下,会出现矛盾的情况,这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来 判断他们是对什么情况的假设,选择合适的形式。一般而言,主句的假 设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现 主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中,我们要特别提醒注意时间 状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设)

虚拟语气用法小结及练习(附答案)

虚拟语气用法小结及相关练习(附答案) 一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。) 1. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟 2. 错综时间条件句:有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生 的话,身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去,主句动作指现在) 3. 省略连词if (倒装)。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had 或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。 Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. Were I to meet him tomorrow (= if I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他,我就会问他这件事的。

虚拟语气的特殊用法学案

虚拟语气的特殊用法 一、混合式虚拟语气 条件从句中的动词所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式决定于要表示的具体时间。 使用混合式虚拟语气时,注意要抓住主从句中时间的象征性词汇(如now, yesterday 等)来确定是与哪种事实相反,然后再根据主从句中谓语动词的构成来确定。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天对他讲的话,你现在就知道怎么做了。 If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now. 如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救,他的家现在就不会如此安宁。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见,你现在就会好得多。 二、含蓄条件句 含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: 1.介词或介词短语,如but for(要不是……), without, in case of, under more favourable conditions(在更有利的条件下)等取代了if引导的条件状语从句。 Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气,地球上就不会有生命了。 He would have failed but for.his teacher's timely advice =if it had not been for his teacher's timely advice 如果没有老师及时的建议的话,他可能失败了。 We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话,我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。 We could have done better under more favourable conditions. 在更有利的条件下,我们还可以做得更好些。 2. 用but that+从句(要不是,若非),otherwise, or, but 等分句来代替if引导的条件状语从句。 But that he saw i t with his own eyes, he couldn’t have believed it. 要不是亲眼所见,她不可能相信这事的。(从句用陈述语气,主句用虚拟语气) He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he had an important meeting to attend.他昨天上午就会来看你了,可他有个重要的会议要参加。(主句用虚拟语气,分句用陈述语气) I was ill that day. Otherwise/ or I would have taken part in your birthday party. (本句省略的条件句为If I hadn’t been ill that day.)(如果那天我没生病的话)我那天生病了,否则我就参加你的生日聚会了。 1. If you _____________(follow) my advice yesterday, you _____________(be) better now.

(完整word版)虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood)用法归纳 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如: ①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed! 祝您成功! 第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气, 常用于日常会话中。如: ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。如: ⑴May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! ⑵May you be happy! 祝你快乐! ⑶May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就! ⑷May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型,主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如: ⑴Long live the people! 人民万岁! ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” ⑶Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) ⑴God save me. ⑵Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

虚拟语气的几种用法

虚拟语气的几种用法 1.错综时间条件句 虚拟语气通常用于含条件状语从句的主从复合句中。条件状语从句中表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反的虚拟语气比较容易掌握,但绝不可把它们当作一成不变的数学公式一样对待。就是说,不能只单纯背语法条条框框,而应充分理解句子锁定的语言环境。有时从句动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时就要根据各自表示的时间概念加以调整。如: If he had taken my advice, he would be much better now.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) 2.含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句的形式表示出来,而是通过一个介词(如:without; butfor)引出的短语,一个连词(如:but; or; otherwise)引出的从句或其它方式来表示。如:Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the job in time.(Without your help=If you hadn’t helped us) He could have given you more help, but he was busy.(but he was busy=if he had not been busy) 3.倒装句 如从句中有were, had或should,则可以省去if, 并将were, had或should提前到句首,构成部分倒装。如: Were I to be young again, I would study medicine.(从句正常语序为:If I were to be young again) Had you not left so early, you might have missed the train.(从句正常语序为:If you had not left so early) 4.错综语气 有时从句用虚拟语气,主句却用陈述语气或祈使语气。如: If there should be an earthquake, what will you do﹖ (从句用虚拟语气,主句用陈述语气。) Ask her to leave a message if she should come.(从句用虚拟语气,主句用祈使语气。) 5.It is (high) time (that)句型 这个句型往往用“过去时”形式表示“现在”的动作,有时也用“should+动词原形”。如:It’s high time (that) we began to work. I think it’s time (that) you made up/should make up your mind. 6.主句中含有suggest, suggestion, propose, proposal, insist, order, demand, request等词时,从句谓语部分常用“(should)+动词原形”。如: She suggests that they (should) go there right away. Her suggestion is that they (should) go there right away.

英语虚拟语气讲解

英语虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 条件从句主句 与现在事实相反 If 主语+动词过去式(be的过 去式用were) Should would, might, could+动词原形 与过去事实相反If 主语+had+过去分词should would, might, could)+ have +过去分词 与将来事实相反If 主语+动词过去式(be的过去 式用were);should+动词原 形;were to+动词原形 should(would, might, could)+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句, If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。 (事实是:天在下雨,我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。) If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。 (事实是:他没来这,他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。) 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句如: She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加这次聚会了。 (事实是:当时没有人邀请她,因此,她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。)If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上,她要是不叫我的话,我就会睡过头了。 (事实是:她今天早上叫我了,我没有睡过头。表示感激。) 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句, If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.

虚拟语气用法大全

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 (1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如: 2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如: busy. (3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如: (4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如: 2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如: 3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如: 4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法: 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过

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关于虚拟语气的知识点整理 虚拟语气的重点是: 1.一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2.虚拟语气的特殊形式,即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3.主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况,从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在,尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目,而在阅读理解里,我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助,了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的,哪些是真实的,这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 (1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。 B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如: I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 (4)I t’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。 It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 (5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构:Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. (6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如: She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反,if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for: If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

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