物流英语 西南交大出版社

1.为了避免潜在的对物流含义的误解，本书采用美国物流管理协会（CLM）目前给出的物流定义。该协会是全世界物流专业领域最著名的组织之一。In an effort to avoid potential misunderstanding about the meaning of logistics ,this book adopts the current definition promulgated by the Council of Logistics Management(CLM),one of the world's most prominent organizations for logistics professionals.

2.废品回收指的是设备已经超过了它的使用寿命，但作为零件的来源还有利用价值：而废料指的是那些被认为无使用价值的物品，只能循环再利用。Salvage refers to "equipment that has served its useful life but still has value as a source for parts",while scrap refers to"commodities that are deemed worthless to the user and are only valuable to the extent they can be recycled".

3.正如给物流学下的定义一样，对什么是供应链、什么是供应链管理，一直的理解是非常重要的。As was the case when defining logistics,it's important that we have a common understanding of what is meant by supply chain and supply chain management.

4.再者，成功的供应链管理需要在供应链组织间采用系统研究的方法。Moreover,successful supply chain management requires companies to apply the systems approach across all organizations in the supply chain.

5.在过去的十多年里，没有什么必要将那些能在自己领域发挥出最大作用的功能组合在一起，以使整个过程成本最低或效率最高，这种情况已经越来越明显了。Over the past few decades,it has become increasingly apparent that functions,individually performed best in class,do not necessarily combine or aggregate to achieve lowest total cost or highly effective processes.

6.如一个供应试图把提供国产品牌消费品的制造商加入到一个已经包含许多忠诚零售商的大宗商品的供应链布局中去，这种联盟本身就体现了很大的权力冲突。A supply chain seeking to link manufacturers offering nationally branded consumer merchandise into a supply chain arrangement with a large mass merchandiser that has significant consumer store loyalty can represent substantial power conflict.

7.在过去的十年里我们取得了很多突破，包括有效的客户响应、利用信息技术从销售点或使用地点直接获取数据等，这些技术都使得企业能够更好地倾听市场的声音。这样一来，就减少了培养应对能力所面临的挑战。The breakthroughs of the last decade in the form of such advances as efficient consumer response and the use of information technology to capture data on demand direct from the point-of-sale or point-of-use are transforming an organization's ability to hear the voice of the market,This throws down the challenge of how to develop the capabilities needed to respond.

8.特别是，如果产生收入的职能部门不能对敏捷原理至少有一个基础的了解，那么物流内的所有努力都可能会被浪费。同时，如果没有企业范围内的对物流潜在价值的关注，敏捷努力的必要性在需要的地方可能也会被忽视，从而也可能无法提供有力的证据来支持对他的投资。If revenue-generating functions in particular do not adopt at least a base-level understanding of agile principles,all efforts within logistics may be wasted.And if there is not an enterprise-wide focus on the value potential of logistics,agile efforts are not going to be recognized for what they are worth and might not provide a compelling enough case for possible investment in them to be made.

9.协作化的供应链模式比例不断上升，暗示着这种具有竞争力的战略形式是值得考虑的—尤其表现在对发展相关技能的需求上，从而使公司能够转变现有的买方-供应商关系模式，并且成功的进行日常管理。This scenario leads to greater buyer risk owing to dependence on a smaller number of suppliers for designs,and also the potential for opportunism through the smaller number of other companies able to compete with the incumbent suppliers for their work.

10.这个模型决定了一系列的基本问题，如仓库应该建在哪里，储存点应该在哪里，仓库应该建多大，以及应该采取何种运输方式进行补货。The model determines on an aggregate flow basis where the warehouse should be,where the stocking points should be,how big the warehouses should be and what kinds of transportation operations should be implemented.

11.在一定的设计目标下，模拟系统把仓库的数量从所有的候选位置中每次减少一个，直到系统允许的最小量或最后一个。Given the design objectives,the simulation deletes warehouse locations one at a time from the maximum number of potential locations to a managerially specified minimum or until only one facility remains in the system.

12.加快信息流速度的益处直接与工作均衡有关。对于一个公司来说，以下几件事实是没有任何意义的：每周在营业部积累订单，把订单邮到地方办事处，成批的处理订单，把订单分派给仓库，之后把他们通过空运快速送走。The benefit of fast information flow is directly related to work balancing.It makes little sense for a firm to accumulate orders at a local sales office for a week,mail them to a regional office,process the orders as a batch,assign them to a distribution warehouse,and then ship them via air to achieve fast delivery.

13.因此，尽管这种处理事务的方法增加了总成本，但这对于在某一仓库中获得竞争优势是十分必要的。Therefore,it may be necessary to position inventory in a specific warehouse to gain competitive advantage even if such commitment increases total cost.

14.这样的决策并不是单纯选择设备来进行存储，因为很多的增值活动也是在产品储存的这段时间中发生的。这样的活动例子如下：分类、物料排列、订单选择、运输合并，有时还有

产品的更改和装配。The decision is broader than simply selecting a facility to store inventory since many value-adding activities may be performed during the time products are warehoused.Examples of such activities are sorting,sequencing,order selection,transportation consolidation,and,in some cases,product modification and assembly.

15.物料根据最终客户的需求在供应链网络中协调有序的以一定速度流动这一理念，在很多工业领域中都得到了广泛的应用。The discipline of dong things Just-in-time,neither too early nor too late,has had a profound influence on the way supply chains are managed.The ideal of materials flowing at a controlled and coordinated rate through the supply network in line with end-customer demand has been widely adopted across many industrial sectors.

16.这些笨重的机器零件可能重达十吨，过去，这些零件在大型冲压工具转换时间可达八小时。转换时间长的后果是，零件的生产操作时间过长，通常在冲压工具转换可以用来生产其他零件之前，需要几天时间。These cumbersome pieces of equipment can weigh up to 10 tons,and historically took up to eight hours to change within the large presses.The consequence of these long changeover times was that component production runs were long,often going on for days before the press tools were changed so that another component could be made.

17.这个服务元素包括在条形码、专业包装和供应商管理的存货之中。This service element constitutes amongst other things bar codes,special packages,and Vendor Managed Inventories. 18.基本服务是指对所有顾客提供基本水平的服务，不管是否获利或获得最大利润，他们应该接受不低于这个水平的服务。Basic service refers to the basic level delivered to all customer,whether less profitable or most profitable,they should receive service not lower than this level.

19.在常规实践以后，物流客户服务被定义为物流系统的总产量，但重点在认知影响：可感知的服务速度和服务速度一贯性，商品在零售商的网站和在供应链中可感知的可及性，及零售商的可感知响应。Following conventional practice,LCS was defined as the total output of the logistics system,but with emphasis on cognitive impact:perceived service speed and consistency of service speed,perceived availability of merchandise on the retailer's website and in the supply chain,and perceived responsiveness of the retailer.

20.因此，当商品可及性的期望值伴随商品的使用便利性而增加时，对存货可及性的过高期望值可能增加。Hence,as expectations of merchandise availability increase following the ease of use,the likelihood of perceived in-stock availability expectations exceeding performance increases 21.物料或零部件短缺会造成生产线的关闭，或者被迫修改生产计划。这些都能造成成本的增加和潜在成品的短缺。Material or component shortages can shut down a manufacturing line or force modification of a production schedule,which creates added cost and potential finished goods shortages.

22.在既定的销售量情况下，批量订货明确订货的数量。在这种情况下，年库存成本和订货成本最小。Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total inventory carrying and ordering cost is lowest for a given sales volume.

23.例如，企业的生产量可能会比他的销售量多，这样做会使他的库存看起来很多。For example,a firm may manufacture much more than it can reasonably sell,or a firm may manufacture products so that its warehousing facilities look full.

24.在失去顾客的情况下，顾客要到你的竞争对手那里购买商品，而且决定以后都要到那儿去买，这时相关的成本就包括招揽新买家了。In the lost customer situation,the customer buys a competitor's product and decides to make all future purchases from that competitor;the relevant cost involved is that of developing a new customer.

25.这种情况会导致买方的风险增加，因为其过多依赖少数供应商进行设计，而且在面对有竞争实力的对手公司时，也不能避免这些少数具体负责的供应商有投机取巧的可能。This scenario leads to greater buyer risk owing to dependence on a smaller number of suppliers for designs,and also the potential for opportunism through the smaller number of other companies able to compete with the incumbent suppliers for their work.