高考复习 形容词和副词总结

高考复习 形容词和副词总结
高考复习 形容词和副词总结

第6章形容词

形容词是描述人和事物的特征、性质、属性或状态的一种开放性词类。主要用来修饰名词或代词。一般置于所修饰的名词之前,多数形容词具有比较级以及独特的后缀。

一、形容词的分类

根据不同的标准,形容词有不同的分类。其分类方式主要有三种。

1.根据其构成分类

根据构成形式形容词可分为简单形容词和复合形容词两类。

(1)简单形容词

kind善良的 green绿色的 bright聪明的 broad宽广的 interesting有趣的

amusing有趣的 astonished感到惊奇的 tired疲劳的

(2)复合形容词

所谓复合形容词指的是由几个词共同组成并起到形容词作用的词。这些复合形容词主要用作定语,一般不作表语。

常见的复合形容词类型有:

①词+名词+形容词

a 500-meter-long bridge一座500米长的桥 a fifteen-minute talk一次15分钟的谈话

a five-year-old girl一个五岁的小女孩

②形容词(或数词)+名词+ed

a one-eyed camel一只眼睛的骆驼 a middle-aged man一位中年男子

a fifteen-storeyed building一座十五层的大楼

③形容词+动词的-ing形式

an ordinary-looking woman一位相貌普通的女子 a good-looking man一位相貌好看的男子

④名词+动词的-ed形式

a man-made lake人工湖 a grass-covered ground被草覆盖的地面 a snow-covered mountain被雪覆盖的山

⑤副词+动词的-ed形式

a well-known writer 一位著名的作家 a well-received report 一场很受欢迎的报告

a newly-built bridge 一座新建的桥

注意:

“副词+分词”形式的复合形容词其比较级和最高级一般是在其前加more,most构成。

a more well-known writer 一位更加著名的作家 a most well-known writer 一位最著名的作家a more well-received report一场更受欢迎的报告 a most well-received report 一场最受欢迎的报告

上面的比较级和最高级也可为:a better-known writer,a best-known writer,a better-received report,a best-received report。

2.根据与名词的关系分类

根据与名词的关系,形容词可分为限制性形容词和描述性形容词两类。

(1)限制性形容词

所谓限制性的形容词是指描述事物本质的形容词,它与名词紧紧相连,这些形容词如果去掉会严重影响

名词的意义。

(2)描述性形容词

描述性形容词又称非限制性形容词,置于名词之前,常对名词进行描述,省略之后也不会影响所修饰名词的本义。

a delicious English dish

一道美味的英式菜

a smooth French table

一张平滑的法国造桌子

3.根据形容词本身的性质分类

根据形容词本身的性质可将形容词分为等级形容词和表语形容词两类。

(1)等级形容词

等级形容词是指直接说明人或事物的特征、性质并有比较等级变化的形容词,可以用程度副词来修饰。在句中可作定语、表语和补足语。

Mary has a nice voice.(作定语)

玛丽有一副很好的嗓子。

We're making every effort to make our environment much cleaner and safer.(作宾语补足语)

我们在努力使环境变得更干净、更安全。

Cities today seem to be becoming much busier than ever before.(作表语)

今天的城市似乎正变得比以往任何时候都繁忙了。

(2)表语形容词

有一类形容词在句中只能作表语,不作定语,这种形容词称为表语形容词。以元音字母开始的形容词大多属于这一类。

The film is well worth seeing.

这部电影很值得看。

Mum has been ill for nearly a week.

妈妈病了近一周了。

Go and see whether the baby is awake or asleep.

去看看孩子是醒着还是在睡觉。

注意:

有些表语形容词当意义变化时也可作定语。

These days I usually have ill luck.(ill表示“坏的”)

这些天来我总是运气不好

有些表语形容词作定语时需要置于被修饰词的后面。

The old man still alive can work for hours without pause.

老人依然很活跃,能连续不停地工作好几个小时。

二、形容词的功能

形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等成分。

1.形容词的语法功能

功能:

①定语:

A.解释:修饰名词,说明其性质、特征等

B.例句:Harbin is a nice city in north China.

哈尔滨是中国北方一座美丽的城市。

There's nothing serious at all.

没有什么要紧的。

②表语

A.解释:与连系动词构成系表结构,说明主语的性质或特征

B.例句:The tea is very strong.

茶很浓。

I feel sick today.

今天我感觉病了。

The room is bright.

这间屋子很明亮。

③宾语补足语

A.解释:说明宾语的性质、状态或特征

B.例句:Don't make your parents angry.

不要让你父母生气。

Who has left the door open?

谁让门开着的?

④主语补足语

A.解释:说明主语的性质、状态或特征

B.例句:Hungry and tired,he had to stop working.

又累又饿,他只好停止了手中的活。

The room was found very dirty.

发现房间很脏。

She was standing in the dark,unable to see anything.

她站在黑暗处,什么也看不见。

2.形容词的特殊用法

(1)有少数形容词一般只能作表语,不能作定语,作定语时有特殊的要求。

afraid害怕 alive活着的 alone单独的 asleep睡着的 awake醒着的 ready准备好的

sorry对不起 well身体健康的 worth值得的 ashamed羞愧的 alike相似的

(2)一些形容词作定语与作表语意义不同。

certain当然的(表语);特定的(定语) complete完成的、完美的(表语);完全的(定语)

ill有病的(表语);坏的(定语) late晚的、迟到的(表语);已故的;新近的(定语)

present出席的;参加的(表语);出席的;目前的(定语) ready准备好的;愿意的(表语);现成的(定语) (3)除了连系动词be后可跟形容词之外,还有一些连系动词后也可以接形容词作表语,这类动词有

become变得 get变得 go变得 feel感觉 look看上去 seem看上去 appear显得sound听起来 smell闻起来 taste尝起来 turn变得 grow变得 remain保持 stay停留,保持 keep保持

(4)某些形容词加上定冠词the 就相当于名词,指一类人或事物。作主语时要求谓语用复数动词。或表示抽象事物,作主语时要求谓语用单数动词。

the old老人、陈旧的东西 the new新鲜的东西 the poor穷人

the rich富人 the blind盲人 the young年轻人 the sick病人 the wounded伤员

三、形容词的位置

形容词在句中的位置主要指作定语时与名词的排列位置。

1.置于名词前

形容词作定语一般位于名词之前。

Children should be given plenty of free time.

应给孩子们充足的自由时间。

Nice and warm days are coming.

美好温暖的日子来了。

2.置于名词后

(1)一些表语形容词作定语时必须置于名词后。

表语形容词如alive,afraid,awake,alone,asleep,worth等作定语,常放于被修饰词的后面。

He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today.

他是当今世界上活着的最著名的科学家。

The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.

还在熟睡的婴儿可能马上就会醒来。

注意:

有些形容词和一部分以-ible,-able结尾的形容词作前置定语和后置定语意义不同。

Our present problem is how to help reduce the noise around the school.

我们目前的问题就是如何帮助减少学校周围的噪音。

The people present at the meeting are mostly from the west of China.

出席会议的大多数人来自中国的西部。

(2)形容词在修饰someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,nobody,nothing等不定代词时,需要置于其后。

Attention,please! I've got something important to tell you all.

大家请注意!我有重要的事情要告诉你们。

There you go.It's nothing serious at all.

得了吧,根本没什么严重的事情。

(3)当形容词后接“介词+名词”或不定式构成扩展的定语时要后置。

There is a lake full of fish to the west of my hometown.

我家西面有一个湖,里面全是鱼。

The music is pleasant to listen to.

这音乐很好听。

(4)两个意义相反的形容词中间用and或or连接作定语时,常需要后置。

All the people on this island,young or old,are all fond of music.

这个岛上的人,不论年轻人还是年长的人都喜欢音乐。

(5)away,long,wide,high,deep,old等词附有数词短语说明时,要后置。

The street is 50 meters wide.

这条街五十米宽。

It's over 10,000 meters deep at the deepest point of the ocean.

海洋最深处深达10,000多米。

3.多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序

多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,其排列顺序通常如下:

限定词(包括冠词、人称代词、指示代词等)+大小+形状+性质或状态+色彩+年龄或新旧+材料或种类+来源+名词。

a few big round black new wooden French tables

几张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子

a famous German medical school

一所著名的德国医学学校

the last few unforgettable sunny days on the beach

在海滩度过的令人难忘的最后几个阳光明媚的日子

四、形容词的比较级和最高级

英语中的形容词常有三种形式来表达事物的等级差别,分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分形容词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的,属于规则变化,但也有少数是没有规则的。

英语中有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,故而没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:

right正确 wrong错误 excellent最好的 final最后的 last最后的 possible可能的

first第一 eastern东方的 empty空的 impossible不可能的 wooden木制的

1.比较级和最高级的构成

(1)规则变化

①规则变化的构成

单音节词和少数双音节词变化如下所示:

构成

1)一般加-er,-est

原级 great伟大的比较级 greater 较伟大的最高级 greatest 最伟大的

2)以字母e结尾只加-r,-st

原级 nice好的比较级 nicer更好的最高级 nicest最好的

3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这一辅音字母后再加-er,-est

原级 big大的比较级 bigger较大的最高级 biggest最大的

4)以辅音字母+y结尾的词,将y变为i再加-er,-est

原级 happy高兴的比较级 happier较高兴的最高级 happiest最高兴的

heavy重的 heavier较重的 heaviest最重的

5)其他双音节词和多音节词,在词前加more或most

原级 difficult 困难比较级 more difficult更困难的最高级 most difficult最困难的

6)分词形容词的比较级和最高级一般在其前加more,most。

原级 interesting令人感兴趣的 tired 疲劳的

比较级 more interesting更令人感兴趣的 more tired 更疲劳的

最高级 most interesting最感兴趣的 most tired最疲劳的

①写形容词尾加-er,-est的常用形容词归纳如下:

big大的 fat胖的 glad高兴的 hot热的 red红色的 thin瘦的

②变-y为i再加-er,-est的常用形容词归纳如下:

angry生气的 busy繁忙的 dirty脏的 early早的 happy高兴的 hungry饥饿的

lazy懒惰的 lonely孤独的 lucky幸运的 noisy吵闹的 unhappy不高兴的

(2)不规则变化

形容词、副词的不规则变化如下所示:

①原级:good,well(身体健康的)比较级:better 最高级:best

②原级:bad,ill 比较级:worse 最高级:worst

③原级:little 比较级:less 最高级:least

④原级:much,many 比较级:more 最高级:most

⑤原级:far 比较级:farther(只指距离:更远的)

further(指距离:更远的,等同于farther;指程度:更深入的)

最高级:farthest(只指距离:最远的)

furthest(指距离:最远的,等同于farthest;指程度:最深入的)

⑥原级:old

比较级:older(指年龄、新旧:较老的、较旧的;指血缘:长辈的,此时等同于elder)

elder (只指血缘:长辈的)

最高级:oldest(指年龄、新旧:最老的、最旧的;指血缘:最年长的,此时等同于eldest)

eldest (指血缘:最年长的)

⑦原级:late 比较级:later (较迟的、后来) 最高级:latest(最新的)

注意:

有很多形容词可有两种形式的比较级和最高级。在现代英语中作表语的比较级和最高级,无论其音节多少,人们总喜欢用more,most形式。

glad,fond,shy,fit等词可以在其后加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级,也可在其前加more,most构成比较级和最高级。但real只能通过加more,most构成比较级和最高级。

2.比较级的用法

(1)原级的用法

①此时常用as+原级形容词+as的结构。

My handwriting is as beautiful as yours.

我的书法和你的一样好。

②在否定句中,既可用as...as...结构,也可用so...as...结构。

I am not as/so busy as I used to be.

我没有过去那么忙了。

③如第一个as后的形容词作定语修饰名词,应将该名词及有关修饰语全列在第一个as之后。

I don't make as much money as you do.

我挣的钱不如你挣的多。

(2)一方高于或低于另一方的比较

运用“比较级+than”的结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。

You look much younger than I do.

你看上去比我年轻多了。

I look less younger than you (do).

我看上去不如你年轻。

She doesn't work harder than you (do).

她工作不如你努力。

(3)表示两者程度不同的其他结构

可用more than(多于……),not more than(不多于……),less than (少于……),not less than(不少于……),less+adj.+than等。

We haven't got more than one hour left right now.

我们现在还有不到一个小时了。

It is less colder today than it was yesterday.

今天没有昨天冷。

比较:

many more,much more的用法区别

many more只能修饰可数名词复数形式。如:many more workers还有很多工人

much more既可修饰不可数名词,也可构成比较级。如:much more money还有很多钱,much more important更重要

(4)比较级+and+比较级

这种句型表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为“越来越……”。

As summer is coming,the day is becoming longer and longer.

夏天到了,天变得越来越长了。

(5)“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”

这种句式用来表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长,意为“越……(就)越……”。

The shorter your dialogue is,the better it is.

你的对话越短越好。

The more difficult the problem is,the more careful we should be.

问题越难,我们就应越小心。

(6)比较级常见的错误

①more不可修饰比较级,但可以用much来加强比较级,意为“……多”“更……”。

She looks more younger than I.(×)

She looks much younger than I.(√)

她看上去比我年轻得多。

②比较的对象或范围出现错误。

The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai.(×)

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.(√)

北京的天气比上海冷。

China is larger than any country in Asia.(×)(出现了逻辑上的错误。中国就是亚洲的一个国家,应当排除在外。)

China is larger than any other country in Asia.(√)

中国比亚洲的任何国家都大。

注意:

than后面接代词时,一般要用主格,但在口语中也可使用宾格。如果than后为一个小句子,不可使用宾格。

He works harder than me.

He works harder than I do.

他比我用功。

(7)倍数表达法

详细内容请参阅第一部分第5章“数词”部分。

3.最高级的用法

(1)表示三者或三者以上程度最高

最高级表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比较方式。此时应运用形容词的最高级,其句式为:the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。

Jack is the tallest student in his class.

杰克是他班上最高的学生。

He is the fastest runner of the three boys.

他是这三个男孩中跑得最快的。

(2)most不表示“最……”的用法。

most前如若没有定冠词the,就没有比较的意思,只是用来加强语气,有“很”、“非常”之意。同very。This is a most interesting story.

这是一个很有趣的故事。

Annie is most hard-working.

安妮非常用功。

比较:

介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。

如果在一定的地域空间内,用in,如果在同一类事物的范围内进行比较用of。

China is the largest country in Asia.

中国是亚洲最大的国家。

China is the largest one of all the Asian countries.

中国是亚洲所有国家中最大的。

(3)“最……”的其他表达法。

运用比较级表达最高级的概念。

Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.

Julia is taller than the other girls in her class.

Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.

朱丽叶是她班上最高的女生。

以上三句表达的意思等同于最高级Julia is the tallest of the girls in her class.

I have never heard a better voice than yours.(=Your voice is the best voice that I have ever heard.)

我从未听过比你更好的嗓音。

4.比较级和最高级修饰语

(1)比较级修饰语

修饰比较级的常用词和短语有:

much,even,still,yet,(by)far,far and away,a lot,a great deal,twice,five times,many times,two-fifths,20%,a little,a bit,rather等。quite一般不修饰比较级,偶尔见到I feel quite better.的用法。

I feel much/a great deal better today.

我今天感觉好多了。

He is five years older than I.

他比我大五岁。

Your handwriting is far and away/(by)far better than mine.

你的书法远比我的好。

注意:

Our school is twice larger than yours.

正确的翻译应为“我们学校是你们学校的两倍大。”,而不应翻译为“我们的学校比你们的学校大两倍。”上面的句子等同于Our school is twice as large as yours.

类似的句子还有:

This street is three times wider than that one.=This street is three times as wide as that one.这条街是那条街的三倍宽。(或这条街比那条街宽两倍。)

(2)最高级修饰语

常用的修饰语有序数词以及much,(by)far,nearly,almost等。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

黄河是中国第二长河。

Of the three girls Betty is much the cleverest.

这三个女孩中,贝蒂是最最聪明的。

Of all the students,Jack's oral English is almost the best.

在所有的学生中,杰克的英语口语几乎是最好的。

This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read.(=This is the best book by far that I've ever read.)

这是我读过的最好的书。

五、形容词的主动和被动意义

1.以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词

英语中有些形容词是由动词的-ing构成的,与之对应的便是动词的-ed构成的形容词。前者表示主动意义,后者表示被动意义。由于它们的形式与现在分词和过去分词完全一样,故又称之为分词形容词。常见的这类形容词列举如下。

amazing令人惊异的 amazed感到惊异的 amusing令人愉快的 amused感到开心的astonishing令人吃惊的 astonished感到吃惊的 boring令人讨厌的 bored感到厌烦的confusing令人迷惑的 confused感到迷惑的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的discouraging令人丧气的 discouraged感到丧气的 disturbing烦人的 disturbed受到干扰的encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged受到鼓励的 entertaining愉快的、有趣的 entertained感到愉快的exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到兴奋的 freezing冰冻的、严寒的 frozen冻僵了的frightening令人害怕的 frightened感到害怕的 inspiring令人鼓舞的 inspired受到鼓舞的interesting令人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的 inviting诱人的 invited被吸引的

moving感动人的 moved受感动的 pleasing令人高兴的 pleased感到高兴的

puzzling令人不解的 puzzled感到不解的 satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的shocking骇人听闻的 shocked震惊的 surprising令人感到惊讶的 surprised感到惊讶的tiring令人疲劳的 tired感到疲劳的 touching令人感动的 touched受感动的

worrying令人担忧的 worried感到担忧的

2.以-ful,-ory,-ous,-some结尾的形容词

这些形容词往往具有主动意义。

dangerous危险的、带来危险的 serious严峻的、令人感到严肃的 credulous轻信的 fabulous令人难以置信的 marvelous令人感到不可思议的 satisfactory令人满意的 delightful令人感到高兴的harmful带来危害的 helpful带来帮助的 quarrelsome好争论的、爱吵架的

tiresome令人感到疲劳的 awesome令人敬畏的

3.以-able,-ible结尾的形容词

这类形容词往往具有被动意义。

credible 可信的、可靠的 incredible不可靠的、不可信的 possible可能的

impossible不可能的 respectable值得尊敬的 desirable期望得到的

六、形容词与介词的搭配

在英语中有很多形容词后需要加特定的介词,构成固定的搭配结构,这些介词是不可以随便改变的。常见的搭配有如下几种情况:

1.形容词与about搭配的短语

be careful about对……小心 be sure about对……有把握 be certain about对……有把握

be worried about对……担忧 be anxious about对……感到焦虑 be sorry about对……感到遗憾

2.形容词与at搭配的短语

be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be angry at对……生气 be good at在……方面擅长

be clever at在……方面聪明 be expert at在……方面专长 be experienced at有……的经验

3.形容词与for搭配的短语

be famous for由……而著名 be well known for由于……而著名 be ready for准备好干……

get ready for为……作好准备 be sorry for为……感到抱歉 be fit/unfit for适合……/不适合……

be good for对……有好处 be bad for对……有坏处 be harmful for对……有害

4.形容词与in搭配的短语

be interested in对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面薄弱 be poor in在……方面薄弱

be different in在……方面不同 be strict in对……事情要求严格 be experienced in有……的经验be expert in在……擅长

5.形容词与of搭配的短语

be afraid of害怕…… be certain of对……有把握 be fond of喜欢…… be proud of为……感到自豪be tired of对……感到厌倦 be full of充满…… be careful of对……小心 be sure of对……有把握be short of ……短缺 be ashamed of对……感到羞愧

6.形容词与to搭配的短语

be good to对……态度好 be kind to对……和蔼 be nice to对……友好 be rude to对……粗鲁be polite to对……有礼貌 be bad to对……态度不好 be useful to对……有用

7.形容词与with搭配的短语

be angry with对……生气 be careful with处理……时小心 be busy with忙于……

be satisfied with对……感到满意 be pleased with对……感到满意 be happy with对……感到高兴be patient with对……有耐心 be strict with对某人要求严格

注意:

有些形容词后跟不同的介词意义差别不大。

be expert at/in/on在……方面擅长 be experienced at/in在……方面有经验

be sure of/about对……有把握 be certain of/about对……有把握

有些形容词后跟不同的介词意义不同。

be good at对……擅长 be good to对……友好 be good for对……有好

点击考点

1.The coat I bought last week is too big for me.I'd like to change it for a______one.

A.small

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff675340.html,rge

C.nicer

D.smaller

2.Their school is three times as______as ours.That means our school is______than theirs.

A.big;three times smaller

B.small;large

C.big;small

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff675340.html,rge;twice smaller

3.Things are______on the moon______on the earth.

A.much lighter;than

B.much heavier;than

C.as heavy;as

D.not so light;as

4.Miss Gao asked a question,but it was______that nobody could answer it.

A.very difficult

B.too difficult

C.difficult enough

D.so difficult

5.—I hear Tom is working at history very hard. —I'm ______he will pass the history exam this time.

A.afraid

B.surprised

C.sure

D.sorry

6.There is a smile on her face.I think she's______with my work.

A.strict

B.angry

C.pleased

D.sorry

7.The Yellow River is the second_________river in China.

A.long

B.longer

C.longest

D.the most longest

8.Can we do our work better with_________money and_________people?

A.lesser;few

B.less;fewer

C.little;less

D.few;less

9.He made the_________mistakes in the dictation exercise.

A.less

B.least

C.fewer

D.fewest

10.The coat _______ that one.

A.as old as

B.is old

C.that is as old as

D.is as old as

11.John has three sisters.Mary is the_________of the three.

A.most cleverest

B.more clever

C.cleverest

D.cleverer

12.He had never spent a _________day.

A.more worry

B.most worrying

C.more worrying

D.more worried

13.The pianos in the other shops will be_________,but_________.

A.cheaper;not as better

B.more cheap;not as better

C.cheaper;not as good

D.more cheap;not as good

14.Which is_________country,Canada or Australia?

A.a large

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff675340.html,rger

C.a larger

D.the larger

15.It takes a long time to go there by train;it's_________by road.

A.quick

B.the quickest

C.much quick

D.quicker

16.—If you don't like the red coat,take the blue one.

—OK,but do you have_________one in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.

A.a big

B.a bigger

C.the big

D.the bigger

17.How beautifully she sings! I've never heard_________.

A.the best voice

B.a better voice

C.a best voice

D.the better voice

18.Professor White has written some short stories,but he is_________known for his plays.

A.the best

B.more

C.better

D.the most

19.This news sounds________.

A.encouraging

B.encouraged

C.encourage

D.to encourage

20.These oranges taste________.

A.good

B.well

C.to be good

D.to be well

21.—Would you like some wine? —Yes.Just________.

A.little

B.very little

C.a little

D.little bit

22.—How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

—It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the________days at the seaside.

A.few last sunny

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff675340.html,st few sunny

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ff675340.html,st sunny few

D.few sunny last

23.Wait till you are more________.It's better to be sure than sorry.

A.inspired

B.satisfied

C.certain

D.calm

24.Professor Blitz is________interesting person as a lecturer,but he goes on very badly with the people around.

A.more

B.so much

C.a most

D.the most

25.—Are you satisfied with the lecture made by the expert on clone techniques?

—Not at all.It couldn't have been________.

A.worse

B.so bad

C.better

D.the worst

26.That________man is very kind and friendly to the students from China.

A.American tall young

B.American young tall

C.tall young American

D.tall American young

27.Tony is going camping along with________boys this summer vacation.

A.little two

B.two little other

C.two other little

D.little other two

28.—Do you have a big music band in your school?

—No,we don't —at least not_________yours.

A.bigger as

B.as big as

C.as big than

D.so bigger than

29.—The weather's better today,isn't it?

—Yes,it's not_________.

A.as colder

B.as cold

C.much cold

D.much colder

30.The great use of the school education is not so much to teach you things_________to teach you the art of learning.

A.as

B.than

C.rather than

D.nor

31.—Would you like to join us?

—Sorry.I am not_________as any of you.

A.so good a player

B.so good player

C.a player so good

D.a so good player

32.After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced_________tractors in 2002 as the year before.

A.as twice many

B.as many twice

C.twice as many

D.twice many as

33.The balloon Li Ming's father has just bought him is_________mine.

A.as three times big as

B.three times big as

C.as three times the size of

D.three times the size of

34.Would you be_________to step this way,please? I'll lead you right there.

A.too kind

B.so kind

C.so kind as

D.as kind as

35.You should read more such good books,I think,_________the ones you've already read.

A.with

B.as

C.that

D.and

36.If the manager had to choose between the two,he would say John was________choice.

A.good

B.the best

C.better

D.the better

37.This year they have produced_________grain_________they did last year.

A.as less;as

B.as few;as

C.less;than

D.fewer;than

38.The Chinese government collected_________30 million yuan of needy things to be sent to the war-stricken Afghanistan.

A.as many as

B.as much as

C.so many as

D.so much as

39.—Have you any money on you?

—I have_________two yuan left in my pocket.

—Only two yuan? That's enough.

A.less than

B.more than

C.no more than

D.not more than

40.China Daily is_________a newspaper,which greatly helps our English study.

A.less than

B.more than

C.no more than

D.not more than

41.—Can I help you?

—Well,I'm afraid the box is________heavy for you,but thank you all the same.

A.so

B.much

C.very

D.too

42.—Is the flower beautiful?

—Yes,at least it is_________the one I bought yesterday.

A.as bad as

B.no better than

C.not better than

D.no worse than

43.—Do you want any sugar in your coffee?

—________,please.

A.Little

B.A little

C.One

D.The one

44.Of all the students,I spent________time and made________mistakes.

A.much;many

B.more;more

C.the least;the least

D.the least;the fewest

45.________problem cannot be worked out by a boy of five.

A.So a hard

B.So hard a

C.A such hard

D.Such hard a

46.Paper produced every year is________the world's production of vehicles.

A.the three times weight

B.three times the weight of

C.as three times heavy as

D.three times as heavier as

47.The salesman showed her several bags and she chose_________one as she didn't want to spend too much money on it.

A.the less expensive

B.less expensive

C.the least expensive

D.least expensive

48.Of the two shirts,I'd like to choose_________one.

A.the less expensive

B.the most expensive

C.less expensive

D.most expensive

49.Borris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has_______IQ.

A.a high

B.a higher

C.the higher

D.the highest

50.His English is________better than mine,for he knows________English words and expressions than I do.

A.far;many more

B.quite;rather more

C.much;much more

D.far;a little more

第7章副词

副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。

一、副词在意义和形式上具有自己的特征

意义上的特征

在意义上,副词用以说明事件发生的时间、地点,行为的方式、程度,说话者的态度、观点。副词具有明显的修饰和强调功能。

(1)以-ly结尾的副词

大多数副词以形容词直接加-ly构成。这些副词主要用以描述如何地、怎样地。

frequently频繁地 constantly经常地 rapidly迅速地 calmly沉着地 happily高兴地

anxiously焦虑地

注意:

形容词加-ly变副词的规律

①许多副词都是在形容词后直接加后缀-ly构成的。

careful→carefully,quick→quickly,safe→safely,slow→slowly等。

②以-le结尾的形容词需去掉e再加y。

gentle→gently,possible→possibly,comfortable→comfortably等。

③以-y结尾的形容词把y改为i,再加-ly。

easy→easily,happy→happily,heavy→heavily,busy→busily,lucky→luckily等。

特例:shy的副词形式为shyly。

(2)与形容词同形的副词

在英语中有很多形容词和副词是同形的。

late(adj.)已故的、(ad.)迟到 high(adj.)高的、(ad.)高 firm(adj.)稳固的、(ad.)稳固地

early(adj.)早的、(ad.)早 hard(adj.)硬的、(ad.)努力地 straight(adj.)直的、(ad.)径直

fast(adj.)快的、(ad.)快 long(adj.)长的、(ad.)长时间地 enough(adj.)足够的、(ad.)足够

low(adj.)低的、(ad.)低 slow(adj.)慢的、(ad.)慢

(3)其他情况

有些词原形既是形容词又是副词,但在加-ly之后又可以构成另外的副词,这两种形式的副词其意义既有区别又有联系。

hard 努力 hardly 几乎不 near 附近 nearly 几乎 high 高 highly 高度地most 大多数 mostly 多部分地 deep 深入地下 deeply 深深地 wide 嘴、眼等张得大大地widely 广泛地

late 迟到 lately 最近、近来 close 靠近 closely 密切地

注意:

(1)加-ly的副词往往具有比喻意义。

The picture is hanging high on the back wall.

这幅画高高地挂在后墙上。

Playing with fire is highly dangerous.

玩火是高度危险的。

(2)有些副词与加-ly的副词在修饰动词时基本相同。

The boy held his mother's hand firmly/firm.

孩子紧紧握住他妈妈的手。

二、副词的分类

副词根据其意义和语法功能可分为以下十类。

1.时间副词

表示时间的副词称为时间副词。常用的时间副词有:

now 现在 then 那时 just now 刚才 right now 刚才 now and then 时不时地 right then 就在那时 right away 立刻、马上 today 今天 tomorrow 明天 soon 很快

ago 以前 late 迟到 since 自……以来 immediately 立刻 often 经常

Mr Wood called just now.

伍德先生刚才来过电话。

I went to London five years ago and I have lived there since.

我五年前去了伦敦,自此一直住在那里。

Young people often forget what they should do.

年轻人经常忘记自己应该做的事。

2.地点副词

表示地点的副词称为地点副词。常用的地点副词有:

here 这里 there 那里 here and there 到处 in 在里边 out 在外边 inside 在里边outside 在外边 down 在下边 up 在上边 upstairs 在楼上 downstairs 在楼下

back 在后面 far 在远处 over 在那边 everywhere 到处 outdoors 户外 indoors 室内I looked everywhere for my glasses but didn't find them.

我到处找眼镜可没找到。

I live upstairs,and my parents downstairs.

我住在楼上,我父母住楼下。

Here is my card.Let's keep in touch.

这是我的名片,咱们保持联系吧。

3.方式副词

描述动作发生方式的副词称为方式副词。常用的方式副词有:

well 很好 fast 快地 hard 努力 carefully 细心地 slowly 缓慢地 suddenly 突然地simply 简直 kindly 和蔼 together 一起

He put the letter carefully into the mailbox.

他把信小心地投进了邮箱。

Slowly,the old woman told us her story.

这位老太太缓慢地给我们讲述着她的故事。

Everything goes very well.

一切进展很顺利。

4.程度副词

用来描述动作、行为或状态程度的副词称为程度副词。常用的程度副词有:

much 很、非常 little 很少地 very 很 enough 充足地 hardly 几乎不 extremely 极端地entirely 完全地 a bit 有一点 so 如此 too 太 rather 相当 nearly 几乎 almost 几乎half 一半 quite 很

It is much hotter today than yesterday.

今天比昨天热多了。

I can hardly understand my foreign teacher's classes.

我几乎听不懂外教的课。

Your voice sounds rather strange today.

你的声音今天听起来很怪。

5.频度副词

频度副词主要指一定时间内动作发生的次数。常用的频度副词有:

usually 通常 often 经常 sometimes 有时 never 从来不 always 总是

for ever/forever 总是、永远 constantly 经常地 frequently 频繁地

I usually play the piano after supper.

我通常吃完晚饭后弹钢琴。

It is never too old to learn.

活到老学到老。

Sometimes computers also make mistakes.

有时电脑也出错。

6.评论副词

用来对主句中陈述的观点进行评价的副词称为评论副词。常用的评论副词有:

luckily 幸运 happily 幸运 generally 一般说来 honestly 诚实地说 roughly 大体上briefly 简洁地 hopefully 充满希望地、令人感到有希望的是 naturally 很自然地 broadly 广义上narrowly 狭义上

Luckily I found a job I like best.

真幸运我找到了一份我最喜欢的工作。

Honestly,I don't agree to your plan.

老实说我不同意你的计划。

Hopefully,our team can win.

很有希望,我们的队能赢。

7.疑问副词

疑问副词主要用来构成特殊疑问句。常用的疑问副词有:

where 在哪里 when 在什么时候 why 为什么 how 如何 whenever 究竟什么时候wherever 究竟在哪里 however 究竟如何

Where would you like to go to college?

你准备到哪里上大学?

We still don't know when and how he will come.

我们仍不知他什么时候、如何来。

Wherever should I put all these things?

我究竟该把这些东西放在哪里?

8.关系副词

关系副词主要用来引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有:

where ……的地方 when ……的时候 why ……的原因

I still remember the time when I first appeared on TV.

我仍然记着我第一次上电视的时候。

We're trying to find out the reason why the trees here are dying.

我们正在尽力查明这里的树死亡的原因。

9.连接副词

连接副词主要用来连接句子或从句。

(1)连接两个句子

therefore 因此(表结果) moreover 再者(表补充) besides 况且(表补充) however 不管怎样(表转折) otherwise 否则(表条件) then 然后(表时间) though 但是(表转折,用于句尾,其前有逗号隔开) (2)引导从句的复合连接副词

复合连接副词主要连接从句,不表示疑问。这类副词主要有:

when相当于the time when... where相当于the place where... why相当于the reason why... whenever相当于any time when... wherever相当于any place where however相当于any way that...

I will forever treasure when I studied at college.

我会永远珍惜上大学的时光。

That's where the traffic accident happened.

那就是交通事故发生的地方。

Whenever you've got questions,please feel free to ask me for help.

不管什么时候有问题,请找我帮忙好了。

10.其他副词

其他副词主要包括:yes,no,certainly,surely,really,how等。how可作感叹副词,构成感叹句。

Is your story really true?

你的故事的确是真的吗?

How excited we all were at the good news!

听到这好消息,我们是多么激动啊!

三、副词的功能

1.作状语

副词作状语可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、分词和全句。

He works very hard on his subjects.(修饰动词)

他努力专攻自己的课题。

She speaks English very beautifully.(修饰另一副词)

她英文说得很好。

I'm very busy these days.(修饰形容词)

这些天我很忙。

Luckily,she had got another chance.(修饰整个句子)

很幸运,她得到了另一个机会。

2.作表语

副词作表语主要指主语的方位、方向、动作等情况。

When the meeting is over,give me a phone call.

会议结束时,给我来个电话。

Sorry,I have to be off right now.

对不起,我得马上走。

Is anybody in?

里边有人吗?

3.作定语

作定语的副词主要为表示时间或地点的副词(here,there,in,out,up,down,below,above,upstairs,downstairs,indoors,outdoors,now,then等),这些副词作定语时应后置。

Who is the person over there?

那边的人是谁?

Only this can help us all out.

仅此就能使我们脱离困境。

The people there are very kind to visitors.

那里的人对来访者很友好。

注意:

①有些副词可修饰名词,用以加强语气,相当于状语。常用的这类副词有quite,rather,even。

We held quite a party last weekend.

上周末我们举行了一次相当不错的宴会。

Even a child won't believe such a story you told.

就连孩子都不会相信你所说的话。

②有些副词可修饰部分不定代词和数词。常用的这类副词有almost,nearly,roughly,mostly等。

Nearly anyone present at the meeting was an expert on SARS.

参加这次会议的人几乎都是SARS方面的专家。

I learned three foreign languages at college,but now I have forgotten almost all of them.

我上大学时学过三门外语,可现在几乎全忘了。

4.作宾语补足语或主语补足语

副词作补足语主要说明宾语或主语所处的位置、状态等。

Did you see anybody in? (宾语补足语)

你看到里面有人吗?

The boy was seen upstairs.(主语补足语)

有人看见这个男孩在楼上。

四、副词的位置

1.修饰形容词、其他副词时的位置

修饰形容词、副词时,位于被修饰词的前面。

Computers work much faster than before.

计算机的速度比原来快多了。

Happy days pass too soon.

快乐的日子很快过去了。

注意:

enough作为副词时总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。

The book is easy enough for little kids.

这书对小孩来说足够容易。

enough作形容词时,可置于名词之前或之后。

We haven't enough time/time enough to prepare for the meeting.

我们没有足够时间准备会议了。

2.多个副词的排列顺序

(1)时间副词、地点副词

时间副词和地点副词同时出现时,时间副词置于地点副词之后。

I have gone nowhere recently,for I have a dozen irons in the fire.

我最近哪里也没去,因为我实在是太忙了。

(2)强调某一副词时

在强调某一动词的具体方式、状态、程度时,将需要强调的副词提到前面。

We walked slowly downstairs.

我们慢慢地向楼下走去。

(3)有助动词时

说明行为频度的副词常位于行为动词之前,系动词之后;句中有助动词时,则在其后;有多个助动词时,则置于第一个助动词之后。

Jeff is always ready to help others.

杰夫总是乐于助人。

I often go to school at six in the morning.

我经常早上六点去上学。

I have never visited the Great Wall.

我从未到过长城。

You'll always be asked to keep silence over what's happened.

对于所发生的一切,要求你必须保守秘密。

有关副词作状语时在句中的位置请参阅第二部分第7章“倒装”部分。

五、副词的比较级和最高级

副词的比较级和最高级的构成、用法、修饰语和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成、用法、修饰语一样,请参照形容词的比较级和最高级的构成、用法、修饰语。

六、常见副词的用法

1.very,much,very much的区别

Very (1)修饰形容词或副词 (2)修饰形容词性的-ing形式 (3)修饰形容词性的-ed形式(very)much (1)修饰形容词或副词的比较级 (2)修饰动词的-ed形式

I'm very fond of music.

我非常喜欢音乐。

This story is very exciting.

这故事很棒。

I was much troubled by the noisy children.

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high----high 1 / 5 hard----hard late----late far----far wide----wide alone----alone good----well true----truly 辅音加le结尾的形容词变le为ly 元音字母加le结尾的形容词加ly 以y结尾且读音为/ i /结尾的 变le为ly 形容词 以y结尾且读音为/ei/结尾 加ly 的的形容词 不规则变化 本身既是形容词也是副词,无需改变 形容词和副词为完全不同的单词 初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词

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5.以ic结尾的+ally specific-specifically basic-basically scientific-scientifically 6.adj和adv同形 fast-fast early-early hard-hard late-late far-far alone-alone little-little 7.有两个副词形式的词 high-high/highly deep-deep/deeply hard-hard/hardly close-close/closely wide-wide/widely loud-loud/loudly late-late/lately 有无-ly意义大不相同的副词:

? ??dead 完全,绝对 be dead asleep deadly 非常 be deadly tired ???pretty 相当 be pretty certain that...prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressed ? ??close 近 Don't sit close.closely 密切地 Watch closely ! ? ??late 晚,迟 arrive late lately 最近 I haven't seen him lately. ? ??hard 努力地 I study hard.hardly 几乎不 I could hardly recognize her. 8. 特殊 true -truly whole -wholly full -fully dull -dully public -publicly shy →shyly 9. 以ly 结尾的adj. friendly lovely lonely silly deadly lively(生动的,活泼点) manly womanly elderly brotherly fatherly motherly daily weekly monthly yearly

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形容词变副词规律总结 (图表)已仔细核对,无错误,可放心下载

1、 Mrs White smiled _____ ( happy) when she received a present from her daughter、 2、 Why do you think you did so ___________(terribe)in your test? 3、We can __________(easy) forgive a child who is afraid of the dark, but we can’t forgive

an adult who is afraid of the light、 4、 Congratulations! You’ve answered all the questions _________(correct)、 5、The computer is ______( wide)used in our daily life、We can do many things with it、 6、I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more ____________(comfortabe)、 7、Mary passed her examination because she studied very ________( hard )、 8、“Why didn’t you tell me earlier?” The boss shouted _______(angry)、 9、It’s ___(true) possible that robot teachers will be popular in schools some day、 10、 How _________(comfortable) the giant pandas are living in Taiwan! 11、Miss Xu smiled and said to me ________(soft), “Never mind, my boy!” 12、Last night it rained __________(heavy) in the southern part of the city、 13、Simon hates to be like others, he often tires to do everything ______(different)、 14、----Where is Peter from? ----He is French, if I remember _________(correct)、 15、The children clapped their hands _________(excited) as soon as the astronauts appeared on the stage、 16、Tom had an accident yesterday、His teacher sent him to the hospital ____(quick)、 17、We should speak to the old man _________(polite) 18、I’m _______(true) sorry I can’t go with you、I have a lot to do this afternoon、 19、Nancy is patient and she doesn’t give up ________(easy)、 20、His father was looking _____ (angry) at him because he had made a serious mistake、 21、Mike walked _______(quiet) into the room not to wake up his grandpa、 22、How _______(quick) Betty answered the teacher’s question! 23、The firemen have saved the boy from the fire ____________(successful)、 Keys: 1、happily 2、terribly 3、easily 4、correctly 5、widely 6、comfortably 7、hard 8、angrily 9、truly 10、comfortably 11、softly 12、heavily 13、differently 14、correctly 15、excitedly 16、quickly 17、politely 18、truly 19、easily 20、angrily 21、quietly 22、quickly 23、successfully

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