考博作文范文
考博作文范文
1. in general/ on the whole/ generally 总的说来
2. all in all 总而言之
3. From the foregoing 从上面论述,我们可以……
4. in brief/ in summary/ in conclusion/ in a word/ to sum up/ to conclude / to summarize 总而言之,综上所述
5. If it is up to me to make a choice between A and B, I would rather choose…..over…. 若要我在A和B之间作出选择, 我宁愿选择…….
6. If I were forced to agree with one of the two, my choice would be……. 如果要我在两者之间选择一个的话,我会选…….
7. From the above comparison and contrast, anyone can safely conclude that…… 从以上的比较,任何人都有可以得出这样的结论……
8. When the advantages and disadvantages are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is self-evident 当仔细比较了长和短之后, 最有力的结论就不言而喻. 9. Judging from all evidence offered, we may reasonably come to / draw the conclusion that…… 从所提供的证据来看,我们可以得出以下结论
10. All these opinion make sense, and consequently it is hard to choose the best of them, In my opinion, such matters must be left to individual’s conscience. 所有这些意见都说得通,因此很难从中做出选择.在我看来,这些问题应该由个人的良心去决定.
11. From what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that….. 从以上所讨论的来看,我们可以得出以下结论…….
12. Personally, I side with the former / latter opinion 就个人而言,我赞同前(后)者的看法.
13. I am of the opinion that pri ority should be given to….. 我同意….具有优先权的观点.
14. Personally, I stand on the side of…… 就个人而言,我支持……..
15. As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the opinion that…….. 就我而言,我赞同……的观点
16. For my part, I completely agree with the former / latter 至于我,我完全同意前(后)者的观点
17. To be frank / To tell the truth, I should second the former / latter attitude / position in preference to the latter /former. 坦白说(老实说),我赞同前者(后者)的观点优于后者(前者) 18. People from different backgrounds, however, put different interpretations on the same thing 然而,不同背景的人对同一件事却有不同的看法.
19. Views on the issue in question vary from person to person / vary widely. 对正在讨论的问题每个人都有不同的看法
20. People rarely reach am absolute consensus on a controversial issue. 人们很少在一个有争议的问题上达成绝对的一致.
21. Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the moral that……. 全盘考虑所有的因素,我们可以得出这样的教训……..
22. For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that….. 根据上述的理由,我坚持的观点是…….
23. All the evidence justifies an unshakable view that….. 所有的证据证明了一个不可动摇的观点…….
24. All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that….. 所有的证据证明了一个千真万确的结论……..
25. To conclude my essay, I would like to quote an old saying…… 我想引用一句古语来结束我的文章.
26. Both views have strong foundations; but, overall, I tend to agree with the latter. 双方观点都有一定的道理,但总的说来,我更倾向于赞成后者.
27. What we must do is make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible. 我们必须做到的是设法使积极的影响得到加强,而消极的影响尽可能的消除.(扬长避短)
28. It is true that to do…brings about both positive and negatives results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent. Besides, compared with the positive effe cts, the disadvantages would not count much. …….同时带来积极的和消极的结果,但我们可以努力使消极影响降到最低限度,而且,与积极的影响相比,这不利之处也算不了什么.
29. It is high time that we / the government did….. 我们(政府)早该干……..
30. To achieve this goal, however, we still have a great distance to cover 然而,要达到这个目标,我们还有很长的路要走.
31. It is urgent / important / necessary that appropriate / effective / proper actions / measures / steps / method be taken to end / correct / improve…….. 采取适当的(有效的,合适的)措施(行动,步骤,方法)去消除(纠正,改进)……是迫切的(重要的,必要的).
32. There are believed / expected / supposed to be two effective measures / practical schemes / sound solutions, one of which is ….. 人们相信（认为）有两种有效措施（实用计划，合理的解决办法），其中一个是……
33. Both governments and ordinary citizens should join hands to make this world a better place to live in, not only for ourselves, but also for future generations. 不仅仅是为了我们，更是为了我们的后代，政府和普通公民应该联合起来，使这个世界变成更美好的家园。
正文常用套句
1. My argument for this view goes as follows: 我关于这个观点的论证如下：
2. There is considerable evidence in favor of…. 有相当多的证据支持……
3. One very strong argument for…is that…. 关于……的一个强有力的论证是…….
4. firstly/first/n the first place/first of all/to begin with/above everything else/in the first instance 首先
5. second/n the second place 其次
6. besides/in addition(to)/furthermore/moreover 再者,其次
7. finally/last of all/last but not least/lastly/in the last place 最后
8. admittedly/I admit/conceding that/I concede 不可否认的是,我承认
9. to be frank/frankly speaking/honestly speaking 老实说,坦白讲
10. The birth/invention of…has made an enormous/essential difference to…But it does not mean that….
…的产生(发明)对……产生了巨大的(根本性的)影响,但这并不意味着…….
11. Many people hold an erroneous view towards… 对……...很多人都持有一种错误的看法。.
12. In my opinion, both views are lop-sided.] 在我看来，两方面的观点都有失偏颇。
13. …as the product of modern civilization, have been playing a vital part in the daily activities of human society.
……作为现代文明的产品，在人类社会日常活动中一直发挥着重要的作用。
14. …has changed the w ay our society develops .But its bright side should not keep us from following closely its darkside. …改变了我们社会发展的方向，但它光明的一面不应该阻碍我们注意到它的阴暗的一面
15. But we must not lose sight of the fact there are disadvantages/benefits to doing something.
但我们不能忽略这样一个事实，做某事是有不利之处（有益）的。
16. As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes/positions. 至于它是福是祸，人们却持有不同的态度（观点）。
17. ….if made the best/the worst of ,will bring some distinct
advantages/disadvantages to…. ……...如果充分利用（作最坏的打算），将给……...带来明显的好处（不利）。
18. There is a good side and a bad side to everything, and that includes…. 任何事情都有好的一面和坏的一面，这包括……...
19. …is a two-edged sword. ……...是一把双刃剑。
20. Obviously,….like anything else, have mor e than one face. While they are indispensable to mankind, they also bring us serious problems.
显然，就像任何事情一样，……...也是多面的。当它们对人类来说是必不可少的时候，它们同时也给我们带来了严重的问题。
21. There is merit in both these points of view. /There are merits to both of these two arguments. 这两个观点都有优点。（这两个争论都有优点）
22. There is probably some truth on both sides. 也、也许双方都有一定道理。
23. There is probably a little bit of truth in both arguments. 争论的双方可能都有些道理。
24. …..is both a blessing and a curse for mankind. ……...对人类来说既是神气又是灾祸。
25. As the proverb goes:―Every coin has its two sides‖…..is no exception. 正如谚语所说―每个硬币都有两面‖ ……...也不例外。
26. No garden without its weeds. 没有无杂草的花园。（有利有弊）
27. As the old saying has it,―………‖ 古语所言：―……...‖
28. There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两面。
29. Everything has double folds 任何事物都有两面。
30. Every medal has its reverse. 每枚奖章都有反面。（有利有弊）
31. I cannot totally accept the idea that…..,because, in my point of view, I believe…. 我不能接受……...的观点。因为，在我看来，我相信……...
32. There are numerous reasons why…..,and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. 为什么……...有很多理由，在此我仅仅探讨其中最重要的几条。
33. There is another reason why I cast my preference for ….. 我倾向于……...还有另外一个原因。
34. There are many good reasons against doing something 反对……...有很多好的理由。
35. The social and economic advances, the quickening of living tempo and the ever increasing competition are deemed as the main contributors to…
社会经济的进步、生活节奏的加快和日益激烈的竞争对……...对起了重要作用。
36. There are some major causes for….One cause is…..Another cause is…..And the most frequently stressed cause is…..
一些……..有主要原因。其中一个原因是……..另一个原因是……...而最经常被强调的原因是…….
37. It can not be denied that….. 不可不否认的是……
38. Nowadays, it is generally/widely/commonly/prevalently held/accepted/assumed that…. 目前，经常（广泛，普遍）认为的是……
39. It goes without saying that…. 毫无疑问的是……..
40. There is no denying that…. 不可否认的是…..
41．It is a common saying that…… 常言道……..
42.It is probably no exaggeration to say that…… 大概可发毫不夸张地说……
43.It is a traditional practice to….in our society 在我们的社会,……是一种传统习俗
44.No one can cast any doubt on the fact that…… 没人会对……这个事实产生怀疑.
45.It will have/ exercise/ exert/ produce/ bring about a (decisive/
far-reaching/beneficial/disastrous/unfavorable) effect/influence/ impact on…
这将对……产生(带来)决定性的(意义深远的,有益的,灾难性的,不利的)后果(效果,影响)
46. It may create/ cause/ result in/ lead to/ give rise to a host of/ a set of /a series of problems. 这有可能造成(带来)一系列的问题.
47.There are several advantages in /of ……. 关于……有几个好处.
48.The advantages of A far outweigh/ are much greater than/ carry more weight than the disadvantages in/ of……. ……..的利远远超过……的弊
49.The pros outweigh the cons 支持的多过反对的,(利大于弊)
50.For all the disadvantages….has, it has its advantages. 尽管……有弊端,但它仍有利处.
51. However, though it has brought mankind merits, some undesirable side-effects have gradually come to the surface. 尽管它给人类带来好处,但一些副作用也渐渐表现出来
52.Despite the adverse effects…has, it has its advantages. 尽管……有不利的影响,但它也有利处
53. But every coin has its two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent, To begin with,……To make matters worse,….Worst of all……
但正如每个硬币都有两面,它的不足之处也是显而易见的.首先,…; 更糟的是,…; 最后,……
54. Obviously, it has its drawbacks/ disadvantages/ negative effects as well as merits/ advantages/ positive effects. 显然,它既拥有优点(长处,积极的作用),也有弊端(短处,消极的影响)
55.The side-effects…..has produced on us can be boiled down to three major ones; …….对我们产生的副作用归纳起来主要有三个;
56.Undeniable,….is good in many aspects; however, it has its disadvantages ,too For one thing ,it…;for another ,it….. 不可否认的是，…….在很多方面是好的,然而,它也有不利之处,首先,…….;其次,…….
57.It is no easy job to render the reasons for this complicated phenomenon which involves several factors 给这个牵涉到几个因素的复杂现象做出解释不是一件容易的事.
58. A number of factors could account for/ contribute to/ result in the change
/success/ increase. 许多因素可以说明(导致,引起)这个变化(成功,增长)
59.There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon 关于这个现象有各种各样的理由
60.A thorough examination proves the groundlessness of arguments supporting… 深入的调查证明了支持…….的争论是毫无根据的,
61.It is essential to examine every angle in order to fully understand the nature of a perplexing problem 为了全面了解一个复杂问题的本质,很有必要从各个方面对事件进行调查
62.At first thought ,it may seen to be an attractive idea but it doesn’t bear closer analysis, we find……. 一开始好像是一个有吸引力的主意,但它经不起更深的分析，我们发现…….
63.Superficially, it seems to be a sound solution, but when carefully weighing in the mind, we find…… 表面上看,这好像是一个合理的解决办法,但仔细想想,我们发现…….
64. A close scrutiny of these arguments would reveal how fallacious they are. 这些争论的详细研究揭示出它们是多么的荒谬.
65.There is some element of truth in these arguments, but they overlook a deeper and more basic factor that…. 这些争论有一些正确之处,但他们却忽略了更深一层和更基本
的因素……..
66.On the surface of it, this may seem to be a good solution, but if thinking again, we would… 表面上看,好像是一个好的解决办法,但如果想深一层,我们……..
67. However logical and valid the arguments may be, they only skim the surface of the issue. 不管这些争论显得多么有理和正确,他们只是看到了问题的表面
68……but I do not think that this view can hold water ……,但我认为这个观点站不住脚. 69.We should take a more critical view of … 我们应该有区别地看待…….
70.They may be right about……, but they seem to fail to take into account the fact that….. 他们在…….上可能是对的,但是他们没有考虑到……
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f1072237.html,puters and Students
Students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours; while in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours.
Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them.
Along with the time spent on computers, there arise some problems. Th e most serious one is that many students are spending so much time playing PC games so that they ignore their studies. It is urgent to let the students use computers in a proper way.
电脑走进校园生活
如今，学生们使用电脑的频率越来越高。据统计（见下表），1990年，每名学生每周平均使用电脑的时间不到2小时；1995年增加至将近4个小时；到2000年则攀升至20小时。由此可见，学生们每周使用电脑的时间已明显增加。显而易见，电脑的普及率越来越高。原因如下：电脑已渗透到我们生活的方方面面；互联网的飞速发展催生电脑应用的需求。借助互联网，我们可以轻松同身在远方的朋友联络。此外，电脑价格越来越低，方便更多学生购买。
随着电脑使用频率的增加，问题也随之而来。最严重的莫过于许多学生沉迷于电脑游戏，进而荒废了学业。当务之急是劝导学生适度使用电脑。
2.How to Prepare for Job Interview
Nowadays, in an ever tighter job market, great importance has been att ached to an interview by both the employer and the applicant. The interview, so to speak, has become indispensable for getting a satisfactory job. On the one hand, the interviewer can take advantage of the occasion to learn about the
candidates, such as their work experiences, education and their personalities, so as to pick out the right person for the company. On the other hand, the interviewee can make use of the opportunity to get to know the job he is going to take up, the salary, the working conditions and many other things about the job he is interested in.
So the job interview is very important to a job-hunter.
But how can succeed? Firstly of all, the interviewee must pay attention to his or her appearance. The first impression is always where we start. Get dressed properly and neatly.
Secondly, good manners are equally important. Don’t be too proud, and neither too timid. Just be courteous. Thirdly, the interviewee must demonstrate his aptitude and skills for the job and his knowledge about eh job-related areas. Be confident. Last but not the least, the interviewee ought to be honest about his or her personal as well as academic background, for honesty is the best policy.
To sum up, the job interview is indeed important, but there is no need to be nervous. As long as the interviewee has the ability for the job, with careful preparation and a fairly confident and honest performance, his or her success can be ensured.
不得不看的求职面试技巧
在当前就业形势日趋严峻的背景下，雇主和求职者历来十分重视面试环节。可以这样认为，面试已成为求职者获得满意工作不可或缺的一个环节。一方面，面试官通过面试了解求职者诸如工作经验、教育背景和性格等信息，以便为公司选拔合适的人才。另一方面，求职者通过面试了解即将从事工作的情况，包括薪酬、工作环境和其他感兴趣的信息。由此可见，面试对于求职者来说至关重要。
求职者如何顺利通过面试呢？首先，应聘者必须注意个人仪表。第一印象从面试开始。着装要大方得体、干净整洁。
其次，良好举止同样重要。既不要妄自尊大，也不用唯唯诺诺，表现得恭敬有礼即可。再次，求职者需要展现出与这份工作相匹配的天赋和技能以及对相关领域的了解。切莫轻视自己的实力。最后，但同样重要的是，求职者要如实介绍个人情况和教育背景。毕竟，诚实是最好的战术。
总之，求职面试固然重要，但求职者不必感觉无所适从。只要您具备实力、准备充分、自信满满、言行一致，开启职场之门将一蹴而就。
3.The Major of English in College
When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What’s more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.
In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, "Practice makes perfect". In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last
but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since "interest is the best teacher."
As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all revi ew all the required vocabulary. In addition, you’d be tter spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.
英语专业前景广阔
关于大学主修专业的选择，我建议您报考英语专业。首先，英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言，涵盖教学、翻译和外贸等领域。不仅如此，在就业环境日益严峻的背景下，英语专业的毕业生更容易找到一份好工作。这是毋庸置疑的。
以下建议送给准备报考我校英语专业的考生：首先，留出足够多的时间学习英语。常言道：―熟能生巧‖。其次，掌握英语阅读、写作和听说的基本功很有必要，这些知识是你继续深造的基础。最后，但同样重要的是，培养对英语的浓厚兴趣。毕竟，―兴趣才是最好的老师‖。
谈到报考英语专业的准备工作，首先应该复习所有重要词汇。而且，最好花些时间进行阅读和写作练习。只有做好上述准备工作，你才有希望考入我校英语系。
4.On the Sports Field
This is our sports field. Many students there are taking part in all kinds of sports. A ball game is going on right now between the Electrical Engineering Department and the Mechanical Engineering Department.
Can you see a number of people over there? Some young men are practising jumping. Not far away, some girls are getting ready to run a race. Now on this corner of the field, you can see another group of students playing basketball.
Our students are well aware of the fact that one’s body will be made s trong and healthy if one participates regularly in sports. What is more, being strong and healthy is important both to their study and to their future development.
欢声笑语在操场
这里就是我校的操场。同学们正在这里参加各种体育活动。电子工程系和机械工程系的学生正在举行一场球类比赛。
看那边，一些男生正在练习跳远。不远处，几名女同学们已站在起跑线上，准备赛跑。在操场的一角，另一群同学正在进行篮球比赛。
同学们深知这样的道理：经常参加体育锻炼，有助于塑造强壮、健康的体格。强健的体格是学习和未来发展的重要保障。
5.From High School to College
I felt was already grown up when I was in high school, but most of the time both my parents and teachers treated me like a child. My teachers told me what to do; my mother saw that I had enough for breakfast.
Now everything is different since I moved from high school to college. In high school I moved within a set circle made by class. Here I have discovered that the college rather offers a big and varied world.
The biggest change from high school to college involves studying and thinking. In high school I was told what to study. In the college I am on my own. I have to decide for myself what to do, and what to think. I like this freedom and I am enjoying it.
从高中到大学
高中时，我觉得自己已经长大了。可老师和父母总把我当孩子看待。该做什么不该做
什么要听老师的；早餐吃多少得听妈妈的。
如今，我已经高中毕业，并迈进大学校园。一切从此而改变。高中时，我的生活轨迹除了学习还是学习。现在，我发现大学生活如此丰富多彩。
最大的改变在于学习和思考方式。在高中，学什么要听老师的。在大学，可以想我所想，做我所做，一切听凭己愿。我喜欢这种自由自在的生活方式，并享乐其中。
6.My Personal View on Online Chatting
With the ever-increasing number of Internet cafes and widespread availability of computers both at home and at work or school, online chatting is becoming more and more popular, although some people argue that there are negative effects chatting on line.
Online chatting can enable people who are far apart to communicate wit h each other. Many students feel happy when they are easily able to keep in touch with family and old friends using this technology. Furthermore we have the opportunity to talk with people from other places and countries that we would otherwise never meet.
This can help broaden people’s hor izons and expand our knowledge. For example, if a student has difficulty finding some information for his schoolwork, he can go online to an appropriate forum and have a good chance of receiving the information he is looking for.
In summary, online chatting can be easily seen as a safe and convenie nt way of meeting new people, getting in touch with old friend and researching new information.
Its benefits are boundless.
网聊之我见
尽管有人对上网聊天嗤之以鼻，但随着网吧数量的不断增加以及电脑在家庭、工作单位或校园的普及，网聊正成为日渐流行的社交方式。
天各一方的网友可通过网络进行交流。学生们通过互联网与家人旧友联络，乐此不疲。不仅如此，我们还有机会与世界各地的网民攀谈，这在互联网技术诞生之前是无法做到的。
网聊还有助于开阔人们的视野，增长学识。例如，遇到学业问题无计可施的同学可以上网浏览相关论坛，而且十有八九能够找到所需信息。
总之，通过网聊工具这种安全便捷的交流平台，我们能够结识新朋友，与旧友保持联系，获取最新信息。网聊的益处无处不在。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f1072237.html,cation and Schooling
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at
school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
受教育与上学
教育更具开放性，内容更广泛。教育不受任何限制。它可以在任何场合下进行，既包括在学校所受的正规教育，也包括一切非正规教育。
上学读书多少有点可预见性，而教育往往能带来意外的发现。与陌生人的一次随意谈话可能会使人认识到自己对其它宗教其实所知甚少。人们从幼时起就开始受教育。教育自始至终伴随人的一生，早在人们上学之前就开始了。教育应成为人生命中不可缺少的一部分。
然而，上学却是一个特定的形式化的过程。在不同场合下，它的基本形式大同小异。在全国各地，孩子们几乎在同一时刻到达学校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人传授知识，使用大致相同的教材，做作业，考试等等。例如，高中生们知道，在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情，也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。学校教育这一形式化的过程是有特定的限制的。
8.Examination
There are many arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of examination. Some people think examination is the best way to test how ex aminers have mastered what they have studied and it is the only measurement for examiners to select which persons they need. While on the other hand, some object that examination can’t measure how the students have really studied. They say it can do nothing but burden the students.
As for me, I think for both examiners and examinees, the examination can show what and how much the examinees have mastered. The result of examinations are just like mirrors for both examiners and examinees. Through examination the examinees can check their work and get aware of which aspects they have not done well, so that they’ll make much improvement in their work. As far as examinees are concerned, they can not only know how they have studied but also find out what they are still unknown or what they haven’t mastered well. Thus they will be inspired to greater
efforts to improve their studying methods so as to make greater progress. O f course too many examinations are burdens to both examiners and examinees.
In sum, the examination does more good than harm for both the exami ners and examinees. We must take a correct attitude toward examination. We should take full advantage of it and avoid its disadvantage.
考试的利与弊
有关考试的利与弊大家众说纷纭。支持者认为，考试是检验考生是否掌握所学知识的最佳方式，也是考官选拔所需人才的唯一标尺。反对者则辩称，考试无法反映出学生真实的学习效果，只是增加学生负担。
我认为，考试能让考生了解自己学到了什么、学了多少。考试结果就像一面镜子。对于考官而言，通过考试反省自己的教学工作，查缺补漏，提高教学水平。对于考生而言，通
过考试了解自己的学习情况，不懂或遗漏的知识赶紧弥补。当然，如果考试过于频繁势必成为考生和考官的负担。
总之，对于考生和考官而言，考试利大于弊。面对考试，我们需秉持正确的态度，取其精华去其糟粕。
9.Culture Shock
No one can tell you how to adjust to life in the United States. You must make the adjustment through experience, and sometimes, emotional distress. This is the way it usually happens.
First, of course, you experience a period of excitement. You have a sense of freedom--you feel liberated from the rules and customs of your own culture, and immensely interested in those of American culture. This period is sometimes called the ―honeymoon‖ stag e.
Then certain customs in the United States begin to irritate you. As an example, we shall consider punctuality--the need to be ―on time‖. Americans look at their watches frequently; they try to be on time for work, for class, for meetings, for games, for religious services, and even for certain events. If you arrange to meet Americans for lunch at 12 but to meet at 12:30, you will probably find that they have either left or eaten without you, or become very annoyed even if they are not hungry.
Perhaps you are annoyed that American friendliness seems superficial; or that you unable to smoke without other people complaining; or that Americans always act as though they are in a hurry; or that the food never seems to be prepared in the right way. Perhaps you do not even feel annoyed, just homesick. The reaction can set in within two weeks of your arrival, or six months later, and its symptoms vary greatly.
You might find yourself angry at the time, or depressed, or suffering from a vague physical illness. You may begin to dislike the United States and its people.
Nothing is really wrong with you; you are simply suffering culture shock. You have a lot of familiar signs and signals, you have discovered that some of your assumptions about human beings are incorrect, and you wish you could make sense of the United States. Then another change comes over you: sooner or later you begin to laugh at yourself or at the strange things you see in American life, an d at that point you begin to recover. Soon, you find yourself living, peacefully, with the same American customs that used to upset you. You have become bicultural.
文化冲击
没人告诉初到美国的你如何适应那里的生活，只有亲自体验一番，有时甚至要经历情感挫折，才能入乡随俗。水土不服的情况时有发生。
你首先经历的当然是初到美国的那股兴奋劲儿。摆脱了本族文化陈规习俗的束缚，自由感油然而生；接着显露出对美国文化的强烈好奇心。这段时期通常称之为―蜜月‖阶段。
―蜜月期‖过后，美国的某些风俗习惯开始令你不适。例如，你得懂得守时，更确切地说是准时。美国人经常看表。无论是工作、上课、开会、参加比赛或宗教仪式、尤其在特定场合，他们总是力求准时到场。如果你约了美国人在中午12点钟吃饭，却迟到了半个小时，结果可能是他们或已离席而去，或已自己享用完午餐，或表现出极大不满，无论当时饿与不饿。
令你无所适从的情形还包括：美国人表达善意时显得言不由衷；吸烟招致他人投诉；美国人做事总是匆匆忙忙的以及美国式烹饪。也许你对这些并不反感，仅仅是眷恋故乡而已。
这时，你可能感到狂躁不安。些许的身体不适，令你情绪低落。你开始厌恶呆在美国，不愿接触旁人。
有这样的感受再正常不过，这是文化冲击的结果。许多似曾相识的场景历历在目，你会发觉某些关于人际交往的基本礼节在这里荡然无存。你希望了解一个真实的美国。接着是新一轮思想蜕变：终有一日你开始自我嘲解，学会从容面对美国生活的奇闻轶事，并逐渐恢复自信。曾经令你不知所措的美国风俗如今却能坦然面对。你已经完全融入了另一种社会文化。
10.Creativeness
Most people agree that creativeness is vital to a person in both his st udy and work because it has been found that most well-known scientists are creative in thinking. A student with creativeness is active in thinking and quicker in solving difficult problems. A creative engineer may speculate more deeply into a problem and achieve better outcome in his work.
Studies of creative people have found most of them are characterized w ith dynamic thinking and daring spirit. Unlike most people, creative people do not allow their minds to stay passive, accepting or unquestioning. Instead, they keep t heir curiosity burning and their minds working. Besides, creative people are bold in their conceptions about the world and the universe, and are more willing to entertain some unpopular ideas and more open to those challenging thoughts.
Cultivation of creativeness among students is an essential part of quality education. Students should form the habit of creative thinking in their school days if they want to gain more achievements in their study and be of more help to society in future.
论创造力
大多数人认可创造力在学习和工作中的重要性。研究发现，很多知名科学家就极富创造力。想象力丰富的同学往往思维活跃，面对棘手的问题能快速找到答案。具有发散思维的工程师通常能看到问题本质，工作更加富有成效。
研究发现，具有创造力的人往往思维活跃勇于担当。与普通人不同的是，他们拒绝被动接受或逆来顺受。相反，他们永远充满好奇心，头脑不停地在思考，对于世界甚至宇宙有大胆创新的见解，善于从旁门左道中发现亮点，挑战世俗观点。
培养学生的创造力是素质教育的重要组成部分。同学们如果想学业有成、将来造福社会，就应该在上学期间学会创造性地思考问题。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f1072237.html,petition
Competition is very important for the society. With competition, the society keeps moving forward and without competition, everything remains the same becaus e
everybody is waiting for others to do the job. Therefore competition should be encouraged and people should attach great importance to it.
Competition moves our society forward because as it has three main fu nctions. Firstly, animals compete for survival and the same is true with human beings.
Secondly, competition makes people original and creative. To get ahead in competition means to make oneself different and better from others; that is, people must make their own contribution outmatch others' . Thirdly, the originality and creativeness generated from competition move the collective course forward and crease productivity.
The advancement of businesses leads to the advancement of a certain industry and hence the advancement of the whole nation's economy. The shift from planned economy to market economy is a good example to illustrate the role of competition. Competition makes factories responsible for their own living. T o get one step ahead of others is the only way out. Through competition, the stronger ones survive and the whole field is activated advanced and the whole nation's economy regains its liveliness and energy.
Being a student, I must compete with other students in our studies by means of improving my learning strategy and methods. In my spare time, I compete with other candidates to get a part-time job to practise my working ability. In this way, I can be a competitive person when I graduate from school and enter the society.
论竞争
竞争对于社会的发展来说至关重要。有竞争，社会才能进步；要是没有竞争，一切将停滞不前。每个人都消极怠工，等着别人去做事。有鉴于此，我们应该鼓励竞争，重视竞争。
竞争之所以能推动社会发展，主要有三个原因：第一，动物界有丛林法则，人类社会同样如此。第二，竞争能激发人们的想象力和创造力。争上游意味着与众不同，出类拔萃。更确切地说，是争先进、比贡献。第三，由竞争转化而来的想象力和创造力有助于实现社会的共同发展，提高生产效率。
商业发展带动某一行业发展，进而推动整体国民经济的发展。计划经济向市场经济的转变就是竞争发挥作用的最好例证。通过竞争，企业优胜劣汰。先声夺人是唯一出路。通过竞争，强者生存，整个行业青春焕发，国民经济恢复生机与活力。
作为一名学生，我要不断改进学习技巧和方法，超越其他同学。业余时间，努力争取兼职工作，积累工作经验。只有这样，当我走出校园迈入社会，才具有竞争力。
12.College Life
In my 20 years of life, there have been many wonderful things. University life is the most splendid time. So what does university life count for? Actually I had no idea when I commenced my college life. But now I have so many feelings about university life that words cannot describe.
Given a sentence to describe my feeling, I’d rather say that campus life is like performing on the stage. Each of us is an individual and each of us is unique. Everybody has his own role. Some take part in social activities; some explore in the treasure house of books, others devote their time to their interests. Different people have different things to do. Cultivating our individuality will transform our lives, making them a kaleidoscope of new colors. On the other hand, each of us lives in a whole. Just like an opera, it is not a show of only one person. Every thing is in relation. We should learn how to get on well with others, becau
se wh en we get out from the ivory tower into the real world we can’t live without communication and cooperation.
This is the time of knowledge economy, the age of chances and speed, the era of development and surpassing the outback of competition and cooperation. And the university life will be the best preparation for stepping into the real society. So, to my young friends: Please cherish and enjoy university life, do what you want to do, get what you want to get, contribute your individuality and unique color to create a more diverse universe.
我的大学生活
在我20年的生命历程中，充斥着五彩斑斓的人生经历。最精彩纷呈的莫过于我的大学生活。大学生活意义何在？入学之初，对于这样的问题我懵懵懂懂。可现如今，我感受颇多，却难以言表。
如果用一句话表白我的感受，那就是校园生活就像在舞台上表演。每个人都代表独一无二的个体，扮演着各自的角色。有人参加社会活动；有人置身于书的海洋；还有人一心向往自己感兴趣的事业。大家兴趣所致，各取所需。一方面，培养兴趣爱好能改变我们的生活方式，使生活更加绚丽多彩。另一方面，我们又是一个整体。就像一场话剧，绝非一个人的舞台。任何事物都有因果关联。我们要学会和睦相处。当我们从象牙塔迈入现实社会，唯有交流和合作才能使我们立足于社会。
我们正处在知识经济时代、瞬息万变的时代和发展与超越的时代。大学生活是我们走进现实社会前的预备期。年轻的朋友们，请珍惜大学生活，享受大学生活、想你所想，做你所做、展现你的个人魅力和特长，为创造更加丰富多彩的大学生活添砖加瓦。
13.On Students Choosing Lecturers
Nowadays some universities, including ours, give students the right to choose who teaches some of their classes .Both teachers and we students discuss heatedly over whether students should be given this much power. But one undeniable fact is that a large amount of students prefer to choose their own teachers for certain courses.
There are several factors that students consider when choosing a lecturer, including the teaching style, the lecturer's academic background, and the lecturer's reputation among students. Usually the teacher with a lively and humorous teaching style is favorable, because to a large extent, whether a lecture is welcomed by the students or not is depended on the way of delivering rather than its content. No one can deny that interesting interaction is far more enjoyable than monologue. And surely learned teachers are popular, too, after all, studying is our top priority. A teacher with plentiful knowledge can provide students with many opportunities to enlarge their scope of knowledge.
In my opinion, allowing students to choose teachers does have some advantages. On the one hand, it satisfies the students' needs , thus can arouse their interest in study to the largest extent. On the other hand, it puts pressure on responsible teachers to improve their teaching quality. All these greatly benefit students.
学生是否可以自选任课教师
如今，包括我校在内的不少大学已经允许学生自主选择部分课程的任课教师。关于学生是否应该享有这份权力正在学生和老师之间引发激烈讨论。一个不容否认的事实是，绝大多数学生希望某些课程可以选择任课教师。
选择老师时，学生通常考虑以下几个因素：教师的授课方式、学术背景以及知名度。
善于活跃气氛、诙谐幽默的教师通常最受欢迎。这是因为，教师是否受学生欢迎，在很大程度上取决于授课方式，而非授课内容。可以肯定的是，课堂互动远比照本宣科更受学生欢迎。当然，学识渊博的老师同样受欢迎。毕竟，传道授业才是教学之本。同学们有机会从他们身上汲取更多知识。
在我看来，允许学生自主选择教师确实有不少优点。一方面，满足了学生的需求可以最大限度地激发他们对学习的兴趣。另一方面，促使那些有责任心的老师提升教学质量。所有这些都有利于学生学习。
14.Campus Life
Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has come true. But how do we college students like our campus life?
Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.
As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me company, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Internet.
大学校园生活
早在高中时，我们就渴望考入理想的大学。现在终于梦想成真。然而，我们如何适应大学校园生活呢？
有些同学能很好地享受丰富多彩、学有所成的大学生活。课余时间，他们花大量时间培养自己在各个方面的兴趣爱好。而另一些同学却收获甚微，他们对于大学生活准备不足。在他们看来，上大学不过是高中的延续。唯一不同的是，在大学自由支配的时间更多，而且不再有父母在身边陪护。
在我看来，理想的大学生活是：有海量的书籍阅读、有好友陪伴、能聆听尽职尽责的教授谆谆教诲、有方便快捷的上网条件。
15.What Causes a Boom in Celebrating Foreign Festivals
(1). 近几年大学校园出现了一股过洋节热。
(2). 阐明导致该现象的原因。
(3). 分析该现象的社会影响。
Believe it or not, these years have witnessed a boom in celebrating foreign festivals on the Chinese campus. According to an official report/survey, young people, especially college students, are showing more and more interest in such festivals as Valentine’s Day, April Fools’ Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
To get a better sense of the boom, it is necessary for us to find out its causes. A closer analysis of the phenomenon can find that three main factors are well worth our concern. In the first place, it is the product of students’ seeking after individuality and
novelty, for which the college campus offers an ideal climate. In the second, it is seen, among the students, as an ideal way of freeing themselves from stress for the time being, since most college students, single child of each family, are subjected to the unprecedented pressures from all sides although they enjoy the abundance of material wealth. And above all, it is an inevitable result of more and more exchanges between Western and Eastern cultures. While the Chinese watch their children thirst for the joy derived from foreign festivals, in fact, the Americans are discussing whether or not to list the Chinese Spring Festival among their official holidays.
The effects of this change on our college life are positive. On the one hand, it has created more chances for students to gain a better insight into other cultures. On the other, it has enriched the college life, thus making the campus a more pleasant place to live on. With more and more health and color added to the trend, I firmly believe, it will certainly bring more benefits to our campus life in the time to come.
过洋节缘何在中国校园大行其道
无论你信与不信，近年来中国校园里日渐流行庆祝西方节日。据官方调查，时下年轻人，尤其是在校大学生，越来越热衷于过情人节、愚人节、感恩节和圣诞节等西方传统节日。
究其原因，有三个因素值得我们关注。首先，这是学生们追求个性标新立异的结果。大学校园营造了这种氛围。其次，绝大多数在校生来自独生子女家庭。他们物质条件优越，同时承受着来自各方面前所未有的压力。他们希望通过庆祝洋节的方式缓解压力。最后，这是东西方文化交流日益频繁的必然产物。当中国家长关注子女陶醉于洋节带来的喜悦时，美国人也在讨论是否将中国的春节定为本国法定假日。
这一趋势给我们的校园生活带来积极影响。一方面，同学们有更多机会了解异邦文化。另一方面，过洋节丰富了校园生活，为我们带来更多喜悦。我坚信，随着越来越多的健康多彩元素加入这一趋势，未来我们的校园生活将更加美好。
16.Directions: You are a teacher. You are going to write a report to the parents of your pupil Wang Gang about his performance in school. In the report, you should mention:
(1). His performance in study,
(2). Your acknowledge of his parents’ cooperation,
(3). Areas in need of improvement.
Dear parents,
Your child Wang Ga ng’s grades have been very high this year. I have been extremely pleased with his work. Although he didn’t do very well in the first year, he seems to find the second year easier. He is highly motivated. I think his excellent performance is probably due in part to the support he received from you, who I think take a lot of interest in his schoolwork and always help him with his homework.
However, Wang Gang doesn’t care much for sport and rarely takes part in after-school activities. He is very shy and finds it difficult to make friends at school. I wish Wang Gang would put as much effort into his social life as he does into his studies.
Yours sincerely,
Lily
17.On Students Choosing Lecturers
(1)、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师。
(2)、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是。。。
(3)、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题。
Nowadays, some universities give students the right to choose who teaches some of their classes. This has led to some debate over whether students should be give this much power.
There are several factors that students consider when choosing a lecturer, including the teaching style of the lecturer, the lecturer's academic background, and the lecturer's reputation among students. The ideal lecturer is one who has an interesting teaching style, a diverse academic background, and a good reputation among students.
There are both positive and negative aspects to allowing students to choose their lecturers. Giving students the choice encourages them to take ownership for their classes, and also puts pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality.
However, the factors that students consider might not be the ones that lead to the highest quality of education. Schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes without much content.
18.Which one do you like, active class or passive class? Write out your view on them.
Active Classes of Passive Classes
Although classes often seem alike in appearance, the differences between passive classes and active classes are enormous.
The passive kind of class usually has a teacher who lectures, puts outlines and terms on the chalkboard and imparts information to the students. For example, my second-year biology teacher, rarely looked up from his notebook in which he had carefully written all his lectures. Teachers in a passive classroom simply dictate information and answers. They pour facts into the students like water into a pot. The students are usually force to sit, listen, take notes, and do only what the teacher requires them to.The other kind of class, the active one, usually has a teacher who stimulates the students to learn for themselves by asking questions, by deliberately posing problems, and most of all by being a student himself, too. Such a teacher might plan the o utline of a course, but doesn’t direct the class in only one direction. Students in active classes become more involved in their learning; they ask questions and read books to search for some answers themselves, and then discuss what they have found in class.
I prefer active classes because learning becomes fun there. Although students may not car much about facts in classes, their attitudes toward learning and their excitement in discovering answers for themselves do no end with the class.
19.Now many students use electronic dictionaries. Give us your view on electronic dictionary.
On Electronic Dictionary
Electronic dictionaries are becoming more and more popular among college students because of its small size and multitude of functions. But just as every coin has two sides, electronic dictionaries are no exception. Some students like electronic dictionaries,
because they believe this kind of new dictionary has many advantage. First, compared with a traditional dictionary, it’s obviously very h andy and convenient. Furthermore, due to its many functions, it’s also very helpful. It can serve both as an English-Chinese one. Most important of all, many of them can even teach the learner how to pronounce a word.
But other students think that they still have much to be desired. They point out that the definitions are very limited. And there are not enough explanations, or examples to illustrate the correct use of a word. In addition, the constant use of this study aid can make people too much dependent on the dictionary and form a passive, lazy attitude towards learning.
In my opinion, the electronic dictionary in itself is neither good nor bad, and its value lies in the way we put it to use. Every student should have a good English dictionary at hand and the electronic one can serve most of our purposes. And one thing we should always keep in mind is that basic language skills do not come from any dictionary but from practice. So, an electronic dictionary, just like any traditional ones, is only an effective tool instrumental in helping us to get a good mastery of English.
20.Some Tips for Effective Verbal Communication
Verbal communication plays a significant role in our daily life, especially in modern society. Since we get along with other people in every field, we must learn how to communicate effectively. Here are some of the techniques that may contribute to effective verbal communication.
First, think about what we are going to tell someone, then speak briefly and clearly in order to make ourselves understood. Second, express ourselves warmly and sincerely. This can help create a friendly atmosphere for a talk. Third, if we are supposed to be listeners, we should concentrate on what the speaker says and give positive feedback by nodding or smiling from time to time. And fourth, we can politely ask the speaker to repeat what we do not hear or quite understand and this, as you know, can help the communication go on smoothly.
When I communicate with others, whether as a speaker or a listener, I always bear in mind the above-mentioned skills. They are very much conducive to effective conversations.
21.The Need of Iron
How do we get more young people to increase their consumption of iron-rich foods? Many nutritionists are advocating the fortification of a number of foods. This may help, but I contend that we should also intensify our efforts in nutrition education among our young people.
I simply do not buy the argument that it is futile to try to change eating habits. Once an intelligent person—and this includes adolescents—understands the need for a healthy diet, I think he or she will act accordingly. As for specific actions: I suggest that blood hemoglobin(血红蛋白)should be checked as a routine part of a youngster’s yearl y physical examination. It should contain at least 11grames per 100 milliliters of blood for a girl and at least 12 grams for a boy. If it is any lower, the physician probably will prescribe an easily absorbed iron supplement.
Adolescents—and everyone else—should cut out highly processed foods and drinks,
which may be low in iron and other nutrients. Read the labels for iron content. Especially make sure that all bakery products are made with enriched flour or whole grains. Try adding liver, chicken, beef, veal or any other variety to the weekly menu.
Finally, even when you’re trying to lose weight, always eat a sensible, well-balanced diet made up of a variety of fresh or very lightly processed foods. This way, you stand a good chance of getting not only enough iron, but also adequate amounts of all the other essential nutrients.
22.Title: Students Taking Part-time Jobs Outline: 1. 有人认为大学生打工好2．有人认为大学生打工不好3．我的看法
Some people think that college students should do part-time jobs. They think college students will be members of the society soon, so they need to get a real sense of how the society runs. In this regard part-time jobs may help, because they not only give college students different chances to know more about different people, but also prepare them better with various experiences for their future.
Other people, however, maintain that part-time jobs do more harm than good to college students. They believe, to a college student, study should always be the only job, which entails a great deal of time and effort, and that taking a part-time job is simply nothing but a distraction. Furthermore, college students are still too young to handle the complicated society, which may discourage them from doing school work and even lead them astray.
In my opinion, college students must learn how to cope with life outside campus by taking some part-time jobs, because they will be members of the society sooner or later. And what they learn through practice in the society can, on the other hand, help them to know more about themselves and their school work. Therefore they may decide how they will learn on campus more efficiently. There is yet another reason why I applaud college students for having some part-time jobs. I come from a peasant area in west China. Part-time jobs mean a lot to those students like me: They can improve their campus life with the money they get out of the jobs, so that their parents won’t have to worry too much about them. I believe if college students spend their time wisely, they will be able to manage well both school work and part-time jobs.
23.How to Deal with School Pressure
College can be a very demanding time for students.Professors, class projects, and extracurricular activities can all contribute to a stressed-out college student. While you will undoubtedly experience stress as a college student, following these tips may help keep college stress at a minimum before it becomes too hard to handle. Prioritize your schoolwork. Identify what is most important. If you have a presentation to give this Monday, don’t write a one-page review that’s due in a couple of weeks; prepare for the presentation first. Likewise, if you have an assignment that requires a lot of work, put it at the top of your list.
When you prioritize your work, you will be more efficient. By becoming more organized, you can reduce your stress level drastically. Talk about your problems. Talking about your problems will help ease your tension and anxiety. Seek a trusted friend or see
if your school has a counseling center. Talking to others will not only help you feel better, but it will also help you find more ways to deal with those problems that are causing your stress. Adopt a positive attitude. If you are always negative, stress will overwhelm you. By looking at things in a positive light, you will not only reduce your stress, but you will also feel better about yourself. Give yourself pep talks: ―I can do this. I will not stress over this. Take time to relax. To maintain peak performance and reduce your amount of stress, you should take time to relax. Performing some sort of physical activity for thirty minutes three times a week will considerably lower your stress level. Throw a Frisbee with your friends, watch your favorite TV show or enjoy your alone time. Taking the time to relax will help reduce your stress level.
24.Sports
From the earliest times, people have held sports competitions. The athletic few compete on the field while the rest of us participate from the safety of our seats. Today sports are certainly as popular as ever, and because of radio and television, we can now compete from a distance.
In fact, for important competitions, the whole world becomes one big stadium.
It is hard to say why humans like organized games. The reasons that we enjoy sports probably differ from person to person. Whether little kids are kicking a ball around a city playground, or million-dollar-a-year athletes are playing in a modern stadium, the excitement of competition, motion, discipline, and beauty are in the air. Who doesn’t stop to watch a ball game in the street or a swimmer in a pool? What parents are not proud to see their children carried off the field by thankful fans? For the players, the joys of sportsmanship can include punishing self-discipline and the friendship of teammates.
Then there is special thrill that comes only to a lucky few. It is the thrill that comes from hearing thousand voices shout your name. But personal victory is only one kind of victory. In every game someone must lose, but mankind wins every time an athletic record is broken. It is this aspect of sports that brings people together.
Even in defeat, no one says to an athlete, "So what?" You say, "Good try!" And when yo ur pride gets hurt and your muscles are sore, you say to yourself, "That’s part of the game. I’ll win next time!"
25.Coping with Stress in College
College life can be very stressful. Sometimes parents, faculty and others tend to idealize their college experience and remember it as that idyllic time when they had few worries or responsibilities. To students currently attending college, however, the process is often stressful and frustrating. The competition for grades, the need to perform, relationships, career choice, and many other aspects of the college environment cause stress.