动 词 时 态(一)

动 词 时 态(一)
动 词 时 态(一)

动词时态(Verb Tenses)(1)

英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在状态,需要用不同的动词形式来表示,这种不同的动词形式称作时态。

英语动词的时态,按发生的先后顺序可分为现在、过去和将来;按动作的方式可分为一般时、进行时、完成时和完成进行时。共16种时态,常用的有8种。

一、一般现在时

1.表示客观事实和永恒的真理

Light travels faster than sound.

I.Q. stands for intelligence quotient.

2.经常性或习惯性的动作,这是一般现在时的基本用法。常和always ,often ,usually ,every day , sometimes ,twice a week ,occasionally 等表示频率的状语连用.

She always takes a walk in the evening.

The children are very happy.

二、一般过去时

表示过去发生的动作或过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与表示过去时间概念的时间状语连用。如:yesterday ,two years ago, in1988, last night(year ,month ,week...) ,once, then , just now 等.

He lived in Beijing in 2001.

Hans bought a walkman last month.

After graduation she went to Shanghai to begin a career in business.

三、一般将来时

1.一般将来时用来表示将来要发生的动作或状态。表示将来时间概念的时间状语有:

tomorrow, next year/month/week , in 2020, in two years 等.

Mary will be here tomorrow morning.

We will hold the Olympic Games in China in 2008.

2. “助动词wil l+动词原形”用在句子中,当主语是第一人称I或we ,常用助动词shall

We shall (will )know the result next morning.

Shall we have any lecture tomorrow?

3.“be going t o+动词原形”表示“有意”或“打算”的意思

What are you going to take up as a career?

The government is going to build a new shopping center in the neighborhood.

4.“be+ 动词不定式”表示将来按计划或正式安排将发生的事情。

Jack and Kate are to be married in July.

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

5. “be about +动词不定式”通常只有一个含义,即“按计划即将”

Mary is about to leave for Paris.

She is just about to answer the question.

1.Make the best choice to fill in each blank.

1. The supermarket is far from Mary’s house. So she _____ only once a week.

A. goes shopping

B. has been there

C. was shopping

D. has gone there

2.We _______ about to leave when it started to rain.

A. are

B.will be

C.go

D. were

3. I’ll go swimming with you if I ______free tomorrow.

A. will be

B. shall be

C. am

D. was

4. What time does he _____every morning?

A. get up

B. got up

C. gets up

D. getting up

5. What is she ____ to do next Sunday?

A. go

B. goes

C. going

D. will go

6.Our teacher ______ for Shanghai in three days.

A.will leave

B. left

C. leaving

D. have left.

7.I’ll catch up with Lucy before she _____the finishing line.

A. reach

B. is reaching

C. reaches

D. will reach

8.He will ring you up as soon as he ____back.

A. comes

B. came

C. has come

D. will come

2.Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in the brackets .

1.He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)

2.It________you are right. ( seem )

3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play )

4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen )

5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain )

6.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come )

7.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )

8.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be )

Key:

1.1-4ADCA 5-8CACA

2. 1.goes 2.seems

3.are playing

4.was listening

5.will rain

6.would come

7.sat

8.is

1.There are 10incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the3 choices marked A, B and C

1.“I don’t like to travel. ”“Have you ever _____ in an airplane?”

A. flying

B. flew

C. flown

2.“When did you go to work?”“As soon as they came, we ______ to work.”

A.went

B. were going

C. had gone

3.“Did you wait for him very long?”“Yes, I ______ to bed until five in the morning.”

A. did go

B. didn’t go

C. had gone

4.Shanghai ______ on the Huangpu River.

A.stand

B. stands

C. is being stand

5.I ______ swimming in the river and I always _____ to swim when I can.

A. am liking, have gone

B. am being liked, am going

C. like, go

6.The No.8 bus ______ to Changchun College of Geology, and not to Jilin University.

A. are gone

B. is being gone

C. goes

7.Every time he ______ me, he is rude to me.

A. will see B .sees C. is seeing

8.No one can prove that the earth ______ not round.

A. is being

B. is to be

C. is

9.Theory ______ with practice.

A. must be combining

B. must be combine

C. must have been combined

10.I promise you that I ______ you a present next week.

A. will give

B. will have given

C. give

Key:1-5CABBC 6-10CBCBA

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stand for 代表,表示hope/wish for 希望得至0 beg for 乞求look for 寻找hunt for 寻找charge for 收费,要价take for 误以为…是come for来拿,来取 5. 动词+down burn down 烧毁take down记下,记录cut down削减,砍倒pass down 传下来calm down平静下来settle dow n 安家 tear down 拆毁,拆除break down 坏了,垮了,分解turn down 调小,拒绝slow down慢下来put down记下,写下,镇压bring down 使… 降低,使倒下come down下落,传下 6. 动词+at come at 向...袭击 run at冲向,向…攻击 tear at 用力撕stare at 凝视gla nee at 匆匆一瞥knock at敲门,窗等smile at 冲某人笑aim at 向…瞄准wonder at 惊讶shout at 冲某人嚷嚷work at 干…活动研究look at 看,注视glare at 怒视laugh at 嘲笑point at 指向strike at 向... 打击shoot at 向…射击call at 拜访地点 7. 动词+from differ from 与...不同 suffer from 受... 苦

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She is dressed in red. 8、 be experienced in ??有 He is experienced in mending bikes. 9、 be equipped with 装 They are equipped with guns and foods. 10 、 b e furnished with 提供,布置 They are furnished with enough food. 11 、 b e engaged in sth. 从事,忙于 =be busy with sth. He has been engaged in writing novels. 12 、 b e engaged to 与??婚 My daughter is engaged to a nice doctor. 13 、 b e about to do sth. 正要做?? I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and stop me. 14 、 be fit to do/be fit for 任,适合于 He is fit to do this work. 15 、 be worth doing 得做?? The film is worth seeing again 16 、 be proud of 以??傲 I am proud of being a Chinese. 17 、 be used to sth./ doing sth. 于?? My grandpa is not used to living in the noisy city.

常见的情态动词有

①常见的情态动词有:can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。 ②can表示体力、脑力方面的能力或客观的可能性。口语中, 在询问或说明一件事可不 可以做时,常用“can”代替“may”。情态动词“can”的过去式是“could”,否定式是“cannot”通常缩写成“can’t”,“could”的否定式是“could not”,通常缩写成“couldn’t”。 如:Can I help you?(要帮忙吗?) / He can swim.(他会游泳) / That can’t be Mr Li.(那不可能是李先生) ③may表示允许、请求或可能性,用may提问时,肯定回答一般用Certainly或Yes,you may.;否定回答一般用can’t或mustn’t. 如:May I ask you a question?—Certainly.(可以问你一个问题吗?当然可以) / You may go now.(现在你可以走了) / It may be in your pocket.(它可能在你的衣袋里) ④must表示“必须”、“一定”的意思。表示“必须”时否定形式是mustn’t;表示“一 定”时,否定形式是“can’t”如:We must be very careful when we cross the road.(我们过马路时一定要非常小心)/ It must be Jack.(那准是杰克)/ I haven’t seen Kate today. She can’t be here.(我今天没有看到过凯特,她不可能在这里) [注意]用must(必须)进行提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t;用must(一定)进行提问时,肯定回答仍用must,但是否定回答用can’t. 如:Must we clean the room before we leave? –Yes,you must.或No,you needn’t.(我们走之前必须要打扫房间吗?是的,必须打扫。/ 不,不需要。) / Must she be in the romm? –Yes,she must.或No,she c an’t.(她一定在房间里吗?是的,一定。/ 不,不可能在。) ⑤“have to”表示“不得不”、“必须”。We’ll have to leave now for it is very late at night. have to的疑问形式是:助动词+…+have to,否定形式是:助动词+not+have to或者用needn’t.如:Do you have to stay until 8 o’clock?(你得呆到8点钟吗?)/ You don’t have to do so.(=You nee dn’t do so.)(你不用这么做) ⑥shall在问句中,可表示征求对方意见,与第一人称连用;在陈述句的第二、三人称的 主语后或表示“命令”、“警告”、“允许”等。 如:Shall we go to the zoo this weekend?(我们这个周末去动物园好吗?) / He shall bring his own book next time.(他下次必须带自己的书来) ⑦should可表示“劝告”、“建议”、“惊奇”等意思。 We should speak to old people politely.(我们应该礼貌地对老人讲话) ⑧will表示“意愿”、“决心”等意思,一般与第二人称连用。 如:Will you please close the door for me?(请你替我把门关上好吗?) / I will teach you a lesson.(我要教训你一顿) ⑨would表示过去的“意愿”、“决心”等。 He would sit near the fire every time he returned home.(每次他回到家中总要坐在火炉边) would也可以表示现在的情况,表达说话人向对方提出的要求,语气比“will”婉转、客气。在日常会话中,“我想要…”通常用“I would like to”或“I should(I’d) like to”来表示。 如:Would you like to have a rest at the moment?(你现在想要休息一下吗?) would还可以表示过去经常发生的事情。 如:Every year parents would tell their children about the boy who would save his people.(每一年父母们总是向孩子们讲述这个将会拯救他的人民的男孩的事) ⑩need表示“需要”,用于疑问句或否定句。“need”作实义动词时,在肯定、否定、疑问句中都可以用。如: He needn’t do it in such a hurry.(他不需要如此匆忙地做这件事) / He needs some help.(他需要一些帮助) / He doesn’t need to bring his football socks then.(那么他就无须带上足球袜了)

(完整版)英语动词时态归纳总结对照表

英语动词时态归纳总结对照表

英语时态专项练习 1、一般现在时。 通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句: 1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词(形容词,介词短语) 2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它 第三人称单数+动词-s+其它 如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

三、一般现在时的变化 否定句:1)主语+ be (is,am,are)+ not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句:1)Be(Is,Are) +主语+其它?如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它? Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+? 注意:遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any. Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 2、现在进行时。 通常用“now/look/listen”. 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时的结构:. 肯定句:主语+be(is,am,are ) +动词现在分词-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 否定句:主语+be(is,am,are )+not + 动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句:Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing? 特殊疑问:疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 3.动词加ing的变化规则 1)一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2)以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing, 如:run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming 3、一般过去时态 一般过去时通常用“a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last…”等。 1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

动词短语搭配

动词短语搭配一、be构成的动词短语 1.be known as/be famous as作为……而闻名 be known for因……而出名 be known to为……所知 beknown by凭……而知 2.be married to与……结婚 3.be tired of/with对……厌烦=be bored with 4.be terrified at被……吓一跳 5.be burdened with负重 6.be crowded with挤满 7.be dressed in穿着 8.be experienced in对……有经验 9.be equipped with装备 10.be engaged in sth. 从事;忙于=be busy with sth. 11.be engaged to与……订婚 12.be about to do sth. 正要做…… 13.be fit to do/be fit for胜任;适合于 14.be worth doing值得做…… 15.be proud of以……而骄傲 16.be used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于…… 17.be content with对……感到满意 18.be up to应由……;轮到…… 19.be connected with与……有联系 20.be crazy about对……狂热 二、break构成的动词短语 1.break out爆发 2.break in打断;入室行窃 3.break into闯入;破门而入 4.break away from逃脱;挣脱;逃离 5.break down(机器,车辆)坏了;失败了;摧毁;分解6.break through突破;突围 7.break off折断;中断;断绝 8.break up驱散;拆散 三、carry构成的动词短语 1.carry on进行 2.carry out执行;进行 3.carry away拿走

情态动词、各种时态

六年级英语专项练习:情态动词 一、情态动词的定义:情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化;它的后面必须跟动词原形。 二、情态动词的种类: 三、情态动词的用法及主要句型: 1、Can I help you? ——Yes, please. / No, thanks. 2、Can + 主语+ 动词原形? Yes, ~can. No, ~can’t. 3、Can I borrow your book?----Yes,of course. 4、Can I write on the book? ------No, you can’t\mustn’t. 5、Could \Can you help me?---- Yes,of course.\Certainly.\ Sure. 6、Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo? 7、May I come in ?----- Come in, please.

8、May I sit here?----- Yes, please.\Sorry, please don’t. 9、May I have some Coke?---- Yes, of course. 10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom? -----Speaking. Who’s calling? 11、should 、shouldn’t 表示劝告: 1) He should get up early. 2) She shouldn’t play computer game too much. 12、Should +主语+动词原形? Yes, ~should.\ No, ~shouldn’t. 13、表示建议“你愿意…吗” Would you like to go shopping with me? -----Yes, I’d love to. /I’d love to. But I’m busy now. 14、就餐用语Would you like something to eat\drink? ----Yes, I’d like… 15、shall用于第一人称(I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议“……好吗?” 1) Where shall we have dinner? 2) Shall we go fishing? -----All right. \OK. \Good idea. 16、Must + 主语+ 动词原形? ---Yes,~must.\No, ~needn’t. 四、相关练习: (一) 用适当的情态动词填空。 1. Must I borrow the book with my ID card? No, you ________. 2. ________ I use your car? Yes, you ________. 3. ________ I go home now? No, you _________ stay here. 4.My mother is ill. I _________ stay at home and look after her.

英语动词时态表

学习必备 欢迎下载 例一:一般现在时(Simple Present ) 我们知道,一般现在时有以下几种常见的用法: 1)表示现在经常性的动作; 2)表示现在的情况或状态; 3)表示不受时限的客观事实或真理(实际上这些客观真理或事实都是人们以“现在”(Now )的观点或标准来做出评判的,它们仍然是人们在“现在”这个时间段里所理解、所认识的客观世界)。 这三种用法有一个共同点,即:它们的时间不涉及到过去(Past )和将来(Future ),动作也不与进行体(Progressive Aspect )或完成体 Perfective Aspect )相关,只表示现在(Now )。那么在时间轴上如 2可以看出一般现在时是以“现在”(Now )的时间为基点的,我们 (Present Progressive Aspect ) 状态。现在进行时的基点时间仍为“现在”(now ),但它与一般现在时的动作不同:它的动作特点是进行性或持续性,我们用稍长的单实线表示 :1) I am writing a composition. 2) My brother is playing soccer.

例二:一般将来时(Simple Future Tense) 下面我们再看一般将来时:它表示将要或计划要发生的事,它的基点时间也是“现在”(时间轴上的“Now”点),但它的动作实际发生的时间应该是“将来”(时间轴上的“Future”点)。由于它的动作相对于“现在”来说,还没有发生,在时间轴上我们就用虚线箭头来表示,如图: 1) He will go to Beijing next week. 2) I am going to be a teacher (when I grow up). 例四:现在完成时(Present Perfective Aspect) ,一般来说它有三种用法: 1) 表示一个已经发生但对现在情况有影响的动作; e.g. He has gone to town. (说明他现在不在这儿) 2) 表示从过去某时(ago)到现在(now)这段时间发生的事; e.g. We have learned 800 words this term. 3) 表示一个由过去某时(ago)持续到现在(now)的动作状态。 e.g. I have lived here for four years. 无论哪种用法,其基点时间都是“现在”(now),而且动作特点为阶段性、持续性。在时间轴上我们用实弧线箭头表示,而且该弧线有起点(ago)和终点(now),可以理解为它是一条表示时间的实线段。如图: 同时,用实线段表示完成时,更有利于理解:为什么在表示某一动作的持续性时,我们不用非延续性动词(即短暂性动词),而用相应的延续性动词?因为完成体的动作特点为阶段性、持续性,它所体现的时间只能用段时间(从Ago到Now)来表示,而不能用点时间(Ago或Now)来表示。 如:come / go — be, borrow / lend — keep等。 1) Tom has come here for three days. 应改为:Tom has been here for three days. 2) I have borrowed the book for three months. 应改为:I have kept the book for three months. 以上四种为基本的现在时态。为了便于从总体上来比较、理解这四种现在时态,我们把这四种时态所在的时间轴放在一起,如下图: 综合上述四条时间轴,不难看出这四种时态的共同点:现在时态的基点时间都是“现在”(Now),它们的动作都与现在时间有关,这一点刚好与前面所提到过的“两时”中的“现在时”相吻合。

常见动词短语搭配

常见动词短语搭配 1.break短语: break away (from sb./sth.)(脱离,逃脱,甩掉);break one’s word(食言); break out(爆发,突然开始,主语多为war,fire,quarrel等,不能用于被动语态); break down(机器、车辆等坏掉,使分解);break in(插话,强行进入); break into(强行闯入,突然开始);break up(粉碎,关系破裂,垮掉); break the rules(违反规定,相反含义的有obey the rules); break the record(打破记录,相当于set up a record,相反含义的有hold a record); break the silence(打破沉默) 2.bring短语: bring forth(生产);bring forward(将……提前,提议); bring down(降低,打落);bring in(赚得,提出,引进); bring up(抚养,提出,呕吐).bring sb. convenience/trouble(给某人带来方便/麻烦) 3.call短语: call at someplace(拜访某地,相当于drop in at someplace); call on sb.(拜访某人,相当于drop in sb. call for(需要,要求,接);call on/upon sb. to do sth.(请求某人做某事) 4.get短语: get along/on with(与……和睦相处,进展); get down to sth,(开始做某事,如:get down to business言归正传); get in(收割,买进);get on(进展,获得成功,对付); get off(下班,出发);get through(用完,顺利通过,接通电话); get to(到达,使烦恼);get up(起床,增强); get in touch with(与……取得联系);get rid of(摆脱); get into trouble(惹麻烦) 5.give短语: give in(投降,让步);give up(放弃,投降); give out(散发,耗尽,如:My patience finally gave out:我终于忍无可忍了。); give off(发出光、热、气味等);give away(分发,送给) 6.护短语: go out(送出,熄灭);go with sth.(附属于,同意); go mad(发疯);go bad(变坏,变质); go against(违背);go on(继续) 7.hold短语: hold back(隐瞒,阻挡,抑制); hold on(坚持,等着。不要挂掉电话); hold up(耽搁,支持住);hold an important position(担任重要职位) 8.keep短语: keep back(保持距离,抑制感情等的流露,隐瞒);keep off(回避某话题,使……不接近); keep away from(远离);keep up with sth.(熟悉,继续支付) keep up with sb.(与某人保持联系);keep on(继续); keep a record(保持记录);keep one's promise(遵守诺言); keep an eye on(照看,留神,留意)

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