土木工程专业英语- 复习重点词汇
(完整word版)英语词汇学复习大纲整理
1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word （ alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） 1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional . A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form ： 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 polysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from Latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点 (Functional words do not have notions of their own and their main function is to express the relation between notions, words, etc.)
高考英语重点词汇集中复习前130
高考英语重点词汇集中复习前130 高考英语重点词汇集中复习前130高考英语重点词汇集中复习前1301. able 一般用法：be able to do 特殊注意：反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2. abroad 一般用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 特殊注意：可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3. admit 一般用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 特殊注意：表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4. advise 一般用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing 特殊注意：后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5. afford 一般用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 特殊注意：前面需要有be able to或can等词。
6. after 一般用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。 特殊注意：用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o'clock; in 3 days. 7. agree 一般用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 特殊注意：agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8. alive 一般用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 特殊注意：可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury alive. 9. allow 一般用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do 特殊注意：可以表示允许进入，如：please allow me in. 10. among 一般用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 特殊注意：还可以表示其中之一，如：he is among the best. 11. and 一般用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。
英语二高频词汇必背.doc
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高考英语词汇-分类整理资料
高考英语词汇分类大全 1 单词快速记忆的两种深加工方法： ①词根词缀构词法(适合于集中快速地记忆单词); ②Word Map 联想分类法(适合于集中快速地记忆 词); 2 使用本书时，可以把汉语意思遮盖，根据英语单词回忆汉语意思；或者把英语单词遮盖，根据汉语意思回忆英语单词。记不得的单词做上记号，或者记到一个小本子上，每天重复记忆。 3 强烈建议参考所给词汇素材在自己专用的词汇本上编写自己的word map 记忆图。 神经生理学家尤里-什德洛夫研究得出结论：要想记住单词，就需要重复练习，朗读或 默记都可以，至少重复160 次。如果记不住，这只是因为你偷懒，没下工夫。 School 学校 第一组 No1 subjects 有关科目的词汇curriculum n 课程course n 课程compulsory course n 必修课 optional course n 选修课 schedule n 课程表 school timetable n 课程表 mathematics（math）n 数学Algebra n 代数Arithmetic n 算术Geometry n 几何statistics n 统计学physics n 物理chemistry n 化学Chinese n 汉语English n 英语biology n 生物politics n 政治history n 历史
geography n 地理physical education(PE) n 体育music n 音乐art n 美术science n 科学philosophy n 哲学medicine n 医学engineering n 工程学 astronomy n 天文学 psychology n 心理学 economics n 经济学 finance n 金融学 law n 法学botany n 植物学 zoology n 动物学 No1.1 math 有关数学的词汇 count v 数数number n 数字add v 加addition n 加法subtract v 减去
高三英语高考核心词汇复习系列(三)
2010届高考英语核心词汇复习系列第5课时 (careless—club) 1．单词拼写 (1)These flowers like sunshine and will not grow in a cold c_____________． (2)I am working as a c_____________ and keep records or accounts in an office． (3)As a result of the American C_____________ War, slaves became free． (4)Fred became a British c_____________ after living there for several years． (5)A c_____________ is held every year to remember those who died in the war． (6)She is fascinated by the ancient c_____________ (文明)of Greece and Rome． (7)The temperature went down to -56℃_____________． (8)A more detailed example will be given in the next c_____________ (章节)． (9)The kids are watching cartoons on Disney c_____________ (频道)． (10)The church was built in the 13th c_____________． 2．介词填空 (1)They sent me a cheque _____________ $100． (2)I’ve always been cautious _____________giving people my phone number．． (3)The shop charges less if the customer pays _____________ cash． (4)I know _____________ certain the missing file is in here somewhere． (5)Your goods will be sent free _____________ charge． (6)Susan sat on a chair close _____________ the window． (7)The children stood round _____________ a circle． (8)“Welcome to our restaurant!” the waitresses said _____________ a chorus． (9)I bought these glov es, but they’re too large．Can I change them _____________ a smaller size? (10)There are spare batteries there，_____________ case you need them． 3．单项选择 (1)Will the government carry _____________ its promise to create more jobs? A．on B．out C．away D．through (2)If you get caught _____________ in some countries，they will cut off your hand． A．steal B．to steal C．stealing D．to have stolen (3) _____________ are kept on the firm for their meat or milk． A．200 head cattle B．200 head of cattle C．200 head cattles D．200 heads of cattle (4)Teaching young children is a _____________ job． A．challenge and reward B．challenging and rewarded C．challenging and rewarding D．challenged and rewarded (5)There’s a lways the chance _____________ something will go wrong． A．if B．what C．how D．that (6)Gibbons has been charged _____________． A．with attempted murder B．of attempted murder C．with attempt murder D．of attempt murder (7)I have a wide range of gifts _____________，so I can’t make up my mind．
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署
考研英语二重要词汇整理
考研英语二重要词汇整理 词汇是考研英语复习的基础，即使是现阶段冲刺复习，仍有不少考生词汇还是老大难，凯程网考研频道希望这些考生能够抓紧复习，词汇大关必须要过，下面是整合的英语二核心词汇，大家捡着重要的背背。 concerned a有关的；关切的，担心的 largely ad. 大量地;主要地 astr on aut n 宇航员 unlikely a. 未必可能的；靠不住的 swallow vt.吞咽n.燕子 solar a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的 glitter vi.闪闪发光，闪烁n.闪光 whereas conj.而，去卩；反之 revolve vi. 旋转；绕转 to swallow up 吞没，耗尽 cloudless a.无云的，晴朗的 lesser a较小的；更少的；次要的 pla net n.行星 White Dwarf ［天］白矮星 to make use of 利用 crowd n. 群，人群vi. 聚集，群集 plateau n.(［复［plateaus 或plateaux)高原 as a rule 通常；一般说来 weaken vt. 削弱，减弱vi. 变弱 parliament n.议会，国会；［P-］议会 whilst conj.(=while)当…时然而；虽然，尽管 above all 首先，首要 debate vt./n.争论，辩论vi.对…进行争论，辩论 injection n. 注射；注射剂，针剂 criterion n. 标准，准则 prosecute vt.对…起诉，告发 euthanasia n无痛楚的死亡；安乐死 n atio nwide a.全国性的ad.在全国范围内 deteriorate vt./vi.( 使)恶化 Dutch a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的n.荷兰人；荷兰语 request vt./n.请求，要求 a great many 很多 lethal a.致死的
考研英语词汇复习笔记
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2. abdomen : Part Of the body below the CheSt and CliaPhragm,cOntaining the stomach.腹部 abdominal(adj)腹部的an abdominal OPeratiOn 月复咅8手术belly : (口)front Of the HUman body from the WaiSt to the groin;belly 肚子，胃 With an empty belly 空着肚子 in the belly Of a ShiP 在船腹里 belly OUt(动词用法):鼓涨,凸出The Wind bellied OUt the SaiIS 3. c onSeCrate : devote sth/sb to Or reserve sth/sb for a SPeCial (esp religious) PUrPOSe 扌巴sth/sb 献给 sth/sb 做某种(尤其宗教)用途COnSeCrate sth/sb to Sth COnSeCrate OneS Iife to the SerViCe Of GOd,to the relief Of SUffering献身于为神服务(解除世人痛苦)的事业 devote : give OneS time z energy to sth/sb; dedicate 为某人付出，向某人奉献，献身于devote Oneself/sth to sb/sth devoted(adj):热爱的，非常忠实的Z全心全意的a devoted SOn
高考英语重点词汇填空专项练习题
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(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇
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考研英语二复习计划很详细
考研英语二复习计划-很详细
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2018考研英语二复习计划，很详细 一、学习和巩固基础的词汇语法 （1)背单词: 英语大纲要求５5０0左右的词汇量，大学四、六级的词汇量约５000＋,但是不要以为考研单词就不用背了。其实,考研英语比较难的原因之一就在对单词的考察比英语四六级更为精深,所以考研核心词汇必须要背，并且要深入的掌握才行。 比如，简单的一个单词addreｓs，大家都知道是“地址”的意思,看到aｄdress a probｌeｍ就蒙了,ａdｄreｓｓ作为动词,意思为“开始解决问题”。这个例子就说明了为什么说考研英语词汇考察的更精深了。背单词的方法，建议词汇书和真题搭配着用,真题买一本有逐句解析的，这样就不用一个一个查生词意思了。 （２）语法（简单句＋长难句）： 考研英语对于语法的考察并不具体，但是实际上任何题型都要涉及语法。很多同学都对简单句不屑一顾,这绝对是错误的,简单句是长难句的基础,基础都学不好,还想学好更高层的知识点吗？ 这也是为什么我很不喜欢那种只解析长难句的真题，这种不利于我们全面掌握语法。我买的是吕升运的《考研圣经》，就是因为我英语基础不好,想要从简单句句法开始学起,这本真题是逐句讲解语法的,长难句简单句都涵盖了,感觉这样的真题更适合我。 二、３月份至7月份:死磕真题，题型专项提高
经过第一阶段的学习，要总结规律和方法以更好地继续复习,比如：适合自己的背单词方法和学习英语的时间等等。第二阶段,要进一步归纳总结各个专项题型的出题规律和解题思路。下面就谈谈具体的经验吧。 (1）阅读理解 在英语复习的过程中,阅读不和背单词一样,要贯穿始终。个人建议的阅读方法是这样的：做每一篇阅读都先看题目和选项,把重要的人名，时间,原因等等选项中涉及的问题做标记，然后再看文章,有的放矢，带着任务去阅读,会发现很多段落和题目无关，省略不读，细读跟选项有关的段落。题目做完以后,不要着急再往下做新的篇章,要把这篇文章细看一遍，不会的单词要查阅记录，更重要的事把每个出题点细读一下,揣摩出题人的意图和角度，这样这篇阅读才算完成。 （2）完形填空 完形填空是大家都比较头疼的一项,我也不例外。这个题型是考察大家对词汇、语法、结构和习惯用法的理解掌握。做这一部分时,要迅速将文章浏览一遍,基本把握文章的逻辑和信息要点，要关注首尾两段,各段的首句和“关键词”。完型是考研的第一道题,答得不理想，会直接影响到后面的阅读,建议把完型放到后面做，实在时间不够可以放弃。 （3)翻译（英译汉） 考研的翻译不同于单句翻译。要先通读并理解全文，并对文章内容和风格有一个完整和全面的认识,一定不能拿来文章就翻译,看一句译
英语词汇学笔记--名词解释篇
英语词汇学笔记之“名词解释篇” 2010.1.11济南1.Word --- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic funtion. 2. Morpheme --- A morpheme is the minimal significant element in the composition of words. 3. Free morphemes or Content morphemes (Free root)--- They are morphemes that may constitute words by themselves : cat, walk. 4. Bound Morphemes or Grammatical morphemes--- They are morphemes that must appear with at least one other morpheme, either bound or free : Catts, walk+ing. 5. Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example: it conveys the meaning of "say or speak" as a Latin root, but not as a word. With the prefix pre-(=before) we obtain the verb predict meaning "tell beforehand". 6. Affixes --- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or funtion. 7. Inflectional morphemes or Inflectional affixes --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional ,thus known as inflectional morphemes. There is the regular plural suffix -s(-es) which is added to nouns such as machines, desks. 8. Derivational morphemes or Derivational affixes--- Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. 9. Prefixes --- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word, such as, pre+war. 10. Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word, for instance, blood+y. Derivational morphemes/ derivational affixes --- A process of forming new words by the addition of a word element. Such as prefix, suffix, combing form to an already existing word. Prefixation ---- is the formation of new words by adding prefix or combing form to the base. (It modify the lexical meaning of the base) Suffixation--- is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or combing form to the base and usually changing the word-class of the base. Such as boy. Boyish (noun- adjective) 11. Roo t --- A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed without total loss of identity. 12.Opaque Words--Words that are formed by one content morpheme only and cannot be analysed into parts are called opaque words, such as axe, glove. 13. Transparent Words--Words that consist of more than one morphemes and can be segmented into parts are called transparent words: workable(work+able), door-man(door+man).