英语语法整理(不看后悔)
英语语法整理(不看后悔)
★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.
官方网站：https://www.360docs.net/doc/0211923977.html,/
清华大学英语教授研究组提供
语法一====从句
从句的做题思路======》判定是什么从句
一、关于定语从句（前提：懂得判断是哪一种从句）
1．修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
2．连接词
that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/as
What/how>< 既起连接作用/有充当句子成分
3．先行词n./pron ---被定语从句修饰的
根据先行词选择连接词
物：which/that//whose
人：who/whom/that/whose
时间：when/which/that
地点：where/which /that
Reason: 从句完整why/for which；从句不完整
which/that/--
Way: 从句完整in which/that/--; 从句不完整
which/that/-
I don?t like the way in which/that/-- you speak to your
parents.
He found the way which/that was reasonable to solve the problem.
当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（…的）
物：whose+n.=of which +the +n.=the +n.+of which
人：whose +n.=of whom +the +n.= the +n.+ of whom
The room, of which the window faces south is mine.
The girl, whose father died is our monitor.
4．只能用that 不能用which(重点前5种情况)
（1）当先行词是不定代词，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，none，the one等。
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行词被all, few，little，no，every 等词修饰时。
There is no difficulty that we can?t overcome.
（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the first letter that I?ve written in Japanese.
（4）先行词被the only, the very, the last 等修饰时
This is the very book that I am looking for.
（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
（6）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。
China isn?t the country that she used to be 50 years ago. （7）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？
5．永远不用that ====介词/逗号之后
6．当先行词是时间/地点时when /where /that/which/-- When=介词+which=介词+时间
Where=介词+which = 介词+地点
Which/that= 时间/地点
当从句完整时，用When/ Where/介词+which
当从句不完整时，用which/that/--
e.g. I still remember the days that/which/-- we spent
at the seaside last summer.
This is the factory in which/ where his parents used
to work.
The library __where/in which_ students often study was on fire last night.
The library, _which/that__ was built in the 1930s, needs repairing.
The library _which/that/--___ you visited yesterday was built in
1990.
I?ll never forget the day __when/on which_______ we first met in the park.
I?ll never forget the time _that/which/--________ I spent on campus.
I?ll never forget the time __that/which____ was spent with you.
7. as与which的比较：
（1）在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句. 如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。
They failed in the exam，as/which is natural.
As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun. （2）as“正如……，就像……”
Which “这一点/这个/这件事”
He passed the College Entrance Examination, made his parents very happy.
A. as
B. which
C. that
D. it
He is careless, which caused the accident.
He is late again, as/which we expected.
8. 当先行词被the same，such，so修饰时，
This is the same book as you bought yesterday. 同一类
…………………… .that………………………同一个
This was so difficult a problem as we couldn?t work out.（后面句子不完整）
This was so difficult a problem that we couldn?t work it out.（后面句子完整）
This was such a difficult problem …………
1. The old man returned to China, he left 20 years ago.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. how
2. – When is your husband?s birthday?
-- The same day of my birthday, ___ I can?t forget.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. it
3. Let?s put off the picnic until next week, __ the weather may be better.
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. if
4. Mr Green drove his car very slowly until he came to the freeway, __ the speed limit was 60 miles an hour.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where.
5. The hours ___ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real-life people.
A. that
B. when
C. in which
D. on which
6. I know the boy ____________ you gave the book____________.
A.whom；to
B.which；to
C.to whom；to
D.that；to him
7. Harbin is the very place ____________ I?m anxious to pay a visit.
A.that
B.which
C.on which
D.to which
8. Have you been to Hangzhou，____________ West Lake is the
most beautiful in our country？
A.whose
B.which
C.that
D.where
9. I know the student ____________ you borrowed the pen.
A.that
B.from whom
C.from which
D.whom
10. Here are players from Japan，____________ are our old friends.
A.that
B.where
C.they
D.who
11.They arrived at the farmhouse，in front of ____________ sat a small boy.
A.the place
B.it
C.which
D.that
12. That is the day ____________ I?ll never forget.
A./
B.on which
C.in which
D.when
13.The letter is from my sister，____________ is working in Beijing.
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.she
14. I lost a book，____________ I can?t remember now.
A.its title
B.whose title
C.the title of it
D.the title of that
15. I want to use the same dictionary ____________ was used yesterday.
A.which
B.what
C.like
D.as
16. He is good at English，____________ we all know.
A.that
B.as
C.this
D.what
17. I?ll never forget the days ____________ we spent together in the countryside.
A.when
B.on which
C.which
D.in which
18. This is the best film ____________ I have ever seen.
A.that
B.which
C.now that
D.if
19. He is the only one of the students ____________ from Shanghai.
A.who is
B.who are
C.they are
D.that come
20. Mr Scott is one of the foreign experts who ____________ in China.
A.works
B.is working
C.are working
D.has been working
21. I，who ____________ in America，feel proud of being a Chinese.
A.is
B./
C.am
D.being
22.The boy failed in the exam again，____________ made his parents disappointed.
A.that
B.which
C.it
D.what
23.The doctors and nurses did ____________ they could to help the wounded.
A.all what
B.all which
C.everything what
D.all that
They did all (that they could do) to help the boy.
24. He?ll never forget the people and the place ____________ she visited in Beijing last year.
A.that
B.which
C.whom
D.where
25. Do you know the reason ____________ he was late？
A.for what
B.which
C.for which
D.that
Do you believe the reason he gave for his being late?
ACBDA ADABD CACBD BCAAC CBDAC
定语从句练习
I.Multiple choices
1. Guilin is the most beautiful place _____ everyone all over the world wants to visit?
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. where
2. Has everything ____ can be done been done?
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. /
3. I don?t like the way _____ you speak to her.
A. which
B. in which
C. in that
D. of which
4. She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her
mouth.
A. it
B. that
C. this
D. which
5. The Smiths will move into their new house next Wednesday, ____ it will be completely finished.
A. by which time
B. by the time
C. that
D. which
6. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
7. Mrs. Brown,____ department I work, is a friendly woman.
A. whose
B. which
C. in whose
D.in which
8. Could you suggest a time __ it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine?
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. in that
9. Next winter, __ you will spend in Hong Kong, I am sure, will be another exciting holiday.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. in which
10. Is this the research center _____ you visited the modern equipment last month?
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. the one that
11. Is this the research center _____ you visited last month?
A. in which
B. where
C. that
D. the one that
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
例2. Is this the museum __ you visited a few days ago?
例3. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
变为肯定句：
1. This museum is __________________ you visited a few days ago.
2. This is the museum ___________you visited a few days ago.
3. This is the museum__________ the exhibition was held.
12. Can you tell me the reason ________ you wanted to break the window?
A. which
B. that
C. because
D. Why
13. I don?t believe the reason _____ you told me yesterday.
A. for which
B. that
C. because
D. why
14. _____ is expected, the French team won the football match.
A. Which
B. As
C. That
D. What
15. Don?t read such books _____ are not worth reading.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. /
16. _____ is reported in the newspaper, Doctor Li will visit our town next week.
17.He is late for school again, ___is often the case.
18.___we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
19.The sun heats the earth, __ is very important to us.
A. as B which C. that D. It
20. He is ____brave a man_____ ever lived.
21. Don…t read _____books ____ are not worth reading．
22. He is _____ an honest man _____ we respect him．
23. He is _____ an honest man _____we respect.
A. such…as
B. such.. that
24. I want to buy the same TV set _____he bought.
25. This is the same book _____ I lost．
A. as
B. that
26. It was in the small house _____ was built with stones by his father _____ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that
B. that; where
C. which; which
D. where; that
27. The meeting was put off, _____ was exactly _____ we wanted.
A. which; which
B. as; that
C. which; what
D. it; that
28. It is such a good place _____ everybody wants to visit _____ it
is well-known all over the world.
A. which; that
B. as; as
C. as; that
D.that; as
29.---- “Where did you meet your old friend?”
---- “It was in the hotel _____ I was staying.”
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. Which
II. Find out mistakes in the following sentences:
1) He is the only one of the boys who are praised.
2）Is this school the one that you worked last year？
3）Is this the school where you visited last year？
4）He failed in the examination, it made his mother angry．
5）The rich, for whose money is not a problem, always buy big houses and expensive cars.
6）I'll never forget the days when I spent in the country.
7) With everything she needed buying, she went home.
8）It was so difficult a problem that no one can work out.
9) It is this house that I was brought up.
10) It is known to all , he is the best student in our class
11) Thanks for your gift. This is exactly that I wanted.
12) Jack is a man whom I believe is honest.
二、名词性从句
陈述语序
主语从句What I say is true
宾语从句He won?t believe what I say.
表语从句That is what I said.
同位语从句I told them the news that Rockets won the game today.
区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。
I have forgotten where we went yesterday.
Where we went yesterday is covered with all kinds of flowers. Oh! This is where we came yesterday.
This is the place where we came yesterday.
Here, he made the promise that he would come here 10 years later.
I will make a mark where he made the promise.
需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom，指物用what; 不缺意思和成份时用that。That 只有在宾语从句中可以省略。
1. ___ the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known.
A.不填
B. Whenever
C. What
D. When
2. There is a common belief among them ___ rubbish can and should be put to good use.
A. which
B. if
C. whether
D. that
3. He?s bought a cottage for ___ he re tires, with the money he saved.
A. When
B. where
C. what
D. which (哪一个、哪一些)
--It is known to all that Taiwan belongs to China.
--Do you think it possible that we take over Taiwan?
--Of course.
It 经常在句中当形式主语、宾语，代替真正的主语、宾语，以避免头重脚轻。
It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today.
A. That
B. when
C. what
D. how
Why don?t you bring ___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. This
B. what
C. that
D. it
表“是否”时只用whether不用if:
1.Whether the president will come is not known yet. (主从)
2.The problem is whether we need it.（表从）
3.The problem whether we will build another school hasn?t
been settled.
（同位语从句）
4.He was worried about whether he passed the English
examination. （介词之后）
5.It doesn?t matter whether she will come or not.
（whether… or /or not）
6.I don?t know whether to go.（动词不定式之前）
三、状语从句
（主句完整，从句和主句之间不存在修饰关系的，一般就是状从）
1.关于when/while/as
都有“当…时”
When I arrived, he had already left.
Mary asked me to care for her pet while she was away.
（当…时）
As the sun set in the west, it became darker and darker.
As time goes by//as the economy develops
When (正在这时)
Be about to do…. When …
Be doing … when…
Had just done… when…
Be on the point of doing … when…
When==since
while
He likes pop music while I am fond of classical music. (而) Mary asked me to care for her pet while she was away.
（当…时）
While I understand what you say, I can?t agree with you. （虽
然）
as
A. 随着+句子as time went by as the economy
develops
With the exam coming/drawing near /approaching
B. 像+ 句子It looks a little ugly as it is .
C. 作为+短语
treat / regard / consider / think of / look on …… as
（把…作为…来对待）
D. 因为+句子because /since/for
As you are Senior 3 students, you should spare no effort
/ pains to study.
E. 正如/ 就像
As is known to all/we all know, Taiwan belongs to
China.
As an old saying goes, it?s not until the Dragon Boat
Festival that we can put away warm clothes.
F. 虽然+ 句子（倒装）= though 放句首
a. 表语提前
Young as/though he is, he speaks English fluently.
Child as he is, he knows a lot. （冠词去掉）
b. 副词提前
Much as he likes her, he dare not tell her.
=Although(> dare not tell her. =He dare not tell her, though he likes her very much. though（放主句后面不倒装） c. 动词提前 Try as she may, she still couldn?t convince her parents that she was more suitable for a lawyer than a teacher. d. 补语提前 Pleasant as they made it to travel, we felt tired after the long journey. Although they made it pleasant to travel, 2.关于since/before/until It is/has been several months since we last spent the holiday in the country together. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. Before He left before I could say “thank you” to him. 来不及 Three years passed before I knew it. 才 It won?t be long before we have a monthly exam. It will be ten years before we meet again. It was ten years before they met again. Until/till (主句谓语持续性) Not… until…(主句谓语短暂性) George worked for IBM until/till 2000. 直到靠近，我才认出他。 Until he came up to me, I recognized him. （此句错误） ==》I didn?t recognize him until he came up to me. 3. 关于“一…就” Hardly… when… No sooner… than… As soon as The moment/time/minute/second +句子 Immediately/instantly/directly +句子 On doing/名词 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. The moment she saw the robber, she screamed. 七年级下册英语语法重点归纳整理 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一.短语： 1 .be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在--- 3. on weekends 在周末 4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5 .in the world 在世界上in China 在中国 6.pen pal 笔友14 years old 14岁favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动 二.重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. Unit 2 Where’s the post office? 【学英语必看】 《英语语法手册》 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把 听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个 句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要 了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。 初一英语语法及主要知 识点归纳总结 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】 初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类：英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live 3 What language(s) does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office 一． Asking ways: (问路) 1．Where is (the nearest) …… （最近的）……在哪里 2．Can you tell me the way to …… 你能告诉我去……的路吗 3．How can I get to …… 我怎样到达……呢 4．Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗 5．Which is the way to …… 哪条是去……的路 二．Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形） 虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小） 高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎… 中考英语语法讲解资料及练习目录 第1讲：名词...................................................................................................1-3 第2讲：代词....................................................................................................3-5 第3讲：形容词.................................................................................................5-7 第4讲：副词....................................................................................................7-10 第5讲：动词..................................................................................................10-12 第6讲：不定式..............................................................................................12-13 第7讲介词....................................................................................................13-17 第8讲：连词..................................................................................................17-21 第9讲：时态(一) (22) 第10讲：时态(二).......................................................................................22-28 第11讲：被动语态........................................................................................28-30 第12讲：句子种类（一） (30) 第13讲：句子种类（二）............................................................................30-32 第14讲：宾语从句........................................................................................32-33 第15讲：状语从句........................................................................................33-35 第16讲：就近原则........................................................................................35-36 被动语态 现在范畴一般现在时am/is/are made 现在进行时am / is /are being made 现在完成时has/have been made 过去范畴一般过去时was/were made 过去进行时was/werebeingmade 过去完成时had been made 将来范畴一般将来时shall/will be made 将来完成时shall/will have been made 过去将来时should/would be made 过去将来完成时should/would have been made 1. 被动语态的各种时态 被动语态（The Passive Voice）是动词的一种形式，表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动 语态便于论述客观事实，故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写。被动语态没有将来进行时、过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式。 (1) 一般现在时的被动语态 I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易上当受骗的。 Computers are widely used in the world. 计算机在世界范围内得到广泛应用。 (2) 一般过去时的被动语态 The car was seriously damaged. 汽车受到严重损坏。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。 (3) 现在进行时的被动语态 The question is being discussed at the meeting. 这个问题现在正在会上讨论。 The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。 (4) 过去进行时的被动语态 When I called, tea was being served. 当我来访时，正值上茶之际。 When they arrived，the experiments were being made. 他们到达时，实验正在进行。 八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册) Topic1 一. 重点词汇 ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king https://www.360docs.net/doc/0211923977.html,fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety ( 二 ) 词的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组: 1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出(主意) 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付;赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱 12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为……订房间 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 17.find out 查出 英语语法点整理 1. 人称代词 主格：I we you she he it they 宾格：me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2. 形容词和副词的比较级 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y 变i ，再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化： well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3. 可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s a book - books Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass —stories —glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano —pianos a mango —mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife - knives a shelf-shelves 4. 不可数名词（单复数形式不变） bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 缩略形式 I 'm = I am you 're = you are she 's = she is he 's = he is it 's = it is who 's =who is can 't =can not isn 't=is not etc 6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour 7. Preposition: on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示时间：at six o 'clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8. 基数词和序数词 one —first two-sec ond twen ty-twe ntieth 9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 第三节写作中真正实用的英语语法 据考证，“语法”一词源于希腊语“Grammatike”，意指体现于写作过程中的“文字的技巧”，它是语言运用的规则，构建句子的框架，遣词造句的黏合剂，也是英语各项技能的基础，尤其在写作过程中起着举足轻重的作用。 但四、六级考试改革中对语法题目的减少使很多人误以为语法的地位被削弱，加之近年来重视综合技能的各类语言理论的出现，使得一部分考生在写作复习过程中完全摈弃对语法部分的准备，久而久之，形成了“轻语法，重语感”的习惯。而另一部分考生则缺乏必要的语法运用能力，他们可以准确解答语法题目，却不能在作文中灵活运用语法写出漂亮句子。这些考生文章的共同特点就是只有其意，不见其形。 语言是思维的外衣，准确的语法是高分作文的重要必备条件。如果考生能在写作中娴熟地运用语法技巧，就可以使文章逻辑严密，形神兼备。 鉴于语法体系庞大繁杂而备考时间有限，此节内容无法涵盖整个语法体系，只能选择写作中出现频率较高的语法进行重点讲解，如状语前置、倒装、虚拟语气、强调句等，并辅以例句讲解，希望能够帮助考生扫除写作中的语法障碍，轻松闯关。 状语前置 一般而言，英语句子中，状语成分的位置是可前可后的。但状语的前置是六级作文中常用的句式。所谓状语前置，就是把修饰动词的状语结构，如分词短语，介词短语，动词不定式结构等放到句首。 这一句式的最大优点就是断句自然，让单调的句子有跳跃的节奏感。请看下面句子： 1）With the expansion of industrialization, requirement for energy all over the world is on the rise.（随着工业化进程的发展，全世界的能源需求都在增加。） 2）Once lushly forested, this region has seen more than 80% of its original vegetation cut down or burned. (这个地区曾经丛林密布，但现在80% 的原生植被被砍伐或焚烧。) 3）To reach millions of people who watch television, advertisers are willing to pay big money. (为了能抓住千千万万的电视观众，广告商们不惜花费巨额资金。) 在以上例句中，状语的前置使得句子结构分明，避免了后置的平庸化，尤其是第二个句子中的状语部分，既简洁又有力，本身就是一个出彩的表达，如果放置到句尾就不会出现这种效果了。而第三句中不定式目的状语的前置还在一定程度上起到了强调的作用。 倒装 倒装又分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did等,并将其置于主语之前。倒装的作用是为了强调或平衡句子结构。 倒装本身是较复杂的高级结构，如果在六级写作中能加以正确运用，就特别 英语语法一般将来时归纳总结 一、单项选择一般将来时 1．I ________ for Beijing next Saturday. Do you know when the earliest plane ________ on Ssturday? A．am leaving；takes off B．leave；takes off C．leave; is taking off D．am leaving; is taking off 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查瞬间性动词的时态问题。Arrive，leave，go等瞬间性动词用一般现在时表示将来时态。一般现在时态中，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要加s。句意：我下个星期六将要离开去北京。你知道星期六最早的航班是什么时候的吗？故选A。 考点：考查瞬间性动词的时态问题 2．--I have you asked John to come to the party this evening？ --Yes，I have，but he＿＿＿＿ A．doesn't B．hasn't C．hadn't D．won't 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：此处doesn't 表示一般现在时； hasn't 现在完成时；hadn't 过去完成时； won't 一般将来时，意为：不愿，表意愿。句意：—我让你请求John来参加今晚是聚会？—是的，我请了，但他不愿意来。根据句意选D。 考点：考查动词时态。 3． Turn on CCTV news and we ________how happy our life is. But there is no denying that over the past decades, the cost of living ________ sharply. A．are seeing; had increased B．will see；has been increasing C．see; increased D．have seen; is increasing 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词时态。前句是固定句型“祈使句，and+句子（一般用将来时）”，而时间状语over the past decades是现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态的标志，所以B选项正确。句意：打开中央新闻联播我们就会看到我们的生活是多么的幸福。但是不能否认在过去的几十年里，生活费用一直在急剧上涨。 考点：考查动词时态。 4．Japan’s economy _______ in the past twenty years. No one knows how long it ______ before it regains its increase. A．has been declining; will be B．has declined; would be C．had been in decline; would take D．was on the decline; will take 六年级英语语法知识点整理 一、a number of ,the number of a number of 意思是“很多”，相当于a lot of ; the number of意思是“……的数目,……的数量”，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of students like playing computer games. 很多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。 The number of the students is about 1500 in our school. 我们学校学生的人数大约是1500。 二、基数词变序数词助记歌。 基变序，有规律，末尾加上th;一、二、三特殊记，八加h ，九 去e ，ve要用f替;以e结尾变ie，后跟th莫忘记。要想表示几十几，只变个位就能够。 特殊变化：one—first ,two—second ,three—third ,five— fifth , nine—ninth ,twelve—twelfth ,forty—fortieth , eight-nine—eighty-ninth 三、概数(略数)表达法 数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数 hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名词复数 例1 1. __people go swimming in summer in Dalian. A、Thousands B、Thousand of C、Thousands of D、Thousand 2. __the students will take part in this English speech contest. A. Two hundred of B. Two hundreds of C. Hundreds of D. Hundred of 一、of sb.与for sb.的区别 (1)of sb.“对于(某人)”，用于It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth.句型中，形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的词，of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。 (2)for sb.“对于(某人)”，用于It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth.句型中, 形容词为easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的词，for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。 二、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词 1、because(因为)，so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能 用其一。 Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there. =He was tired ,so he couldn’t walk there. 因为他累了，所以他不能走到那儿了。 2、(al)thouthg(虽然)，but (但是)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但thouthg和yet能够同时出现在一个句子里(yet用作 副词) Thought he was tired, he still worked hard. =He was tired, but he still worked hard. 虽然他很累，但他仍然努力工作。 最新《英语语法手册》电子版 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)， English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。 5)动词(verb，缩写为v)表示动作和状态，如write(写)，walk(行走)，think(想)。 6)副词(adverb，缩写为。adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly(快)，often(经常)，very(很)。 7)冠词(article，缩写为art.)说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an(一个)，the(这，那)。 8)介词(preposition，缩写为prep.)表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系，如from(从)，in(在…内)，between(在…之间)。 9)连词(conjunction，缩写为conj.)是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and(和)，because(因为)，if(假如)。 10)感叹词(interjection，缩写为int.)表示感情，如。oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(嘘)。 [注一]属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义， 英语语法名词归纳总结 一、单项选择名词 1．_________is Virginia Woolf’s most autobiographical novel, which develops a series of thoughts rather than a plot, centering on themes like women’s role in society, death and change. A．The Garden Party B．The Green Room C．To the Lighthouse D．Daisy Miller 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：《到灯塔去》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说，它围绕女性在社会中的角色、死亡和变化等主题展开了一系列的思考而非情节的描写。A. The Garden Party《花园聚会》；B. The Green Room《候场室》；C. To the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》；D. Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》。由“Virginia Woolf”可知，Virginia Woolf是To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》的作者。故选C项。 2．Violent programs on television may have a bad on children. A．injury B．pressure C．impression D．influence 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词。A. injury伤害； B. pressure压力； C. impression印象； D. influence影响。句意：电视上的暴力节目可能对孩子有不良影响。固定词组：have an effect/ influence on“对------有影响”。故选D。 3．How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for any westerner to learn such a totally different language. A．adventure B．achievement C．trend D．challenge 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. adventure冒险；B. achievement成就；C. trend趋势；D. challenge 挑战。句意：扎克伯格会说中文是多么令人吃惊啊！毕竟，对任何西方人来说，学习一门完全不同的语言是一个巨大的挑战。根据句意可知此处表示“挑战”，故D项正确。 4．One hundred percent_______to your studies， though it can be lonely and no fun at all，will leave precious marks on your youth． A．response B．offence C．commitment D．reaction 新概念英语第一册语法点梳理 新概念一共144 课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。 以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。 首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析： 本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。 Lesson 31—34 现在进行时 Lesson 37—40 第一次出现be going to 的将来时 Lesson 51—56 一般现在时 Lesson 67—76 为一般过去式 Lesson 83—90 为现在完成时 Lesson 91—96 为一般将来时(will) Lesson 117—118 过去进行时 Lesson 119—120 过去完成时 除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76 课我们一起来看一下以下的68 课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。 在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。 Lesson1—2 语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much. 语法点：主系表结构this 为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Lesson 5—6 语言点：如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It's a Volvo.(L6) a/an 的使用。 Lesson 7—8 语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French? What nationality are you? What ' s your job? 特殊疑问句。 Lesson 9—10 语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you? 语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。 介词短语表示位置near the window, on the televion, on the wall 高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.最新七年级下册英语语法重点归纳整理
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