图解式英语佳句写作345

第三章Chapter 3

Combining Independent Clauses Using the Semicolon

（用分号号连接独立子句）

预备知识

我们在前面学过用逗号和并列连词去连接独立子句以构成复句的方法。我们需要逐步系统地了解独立子句、简单句、并列连词和复句的关系。

我们还可以用分号(;)连接独立子句以构成复句。但分号并不是逗号的替换词。所以使用分号时切记不要同时使用带逗号的并列连词，还要切记分号后的名词不要用句首的大写字母。分号前后两个独立子句之间必须是语义联系非常紧密的，否则只能各自采用句号。

注意下列例句中的粗体黑字的语义联系：

1）The anaconda is the world’s largest snake; it can grow [to thirty feet or more] [in length.] (前后分句的相关理念都是谈论水蟒蛇的长度。)

2）The nurse measured (the patient’s) blood pressure; she also took a blood sample.

(前后分句的相关理念都是谈论护士处理血液。)

3）The submarine dove [to a depth ](of three hundred fathoms); it hovered [silently ] [at that depth] (for two hours.)

((前后分句的相关理念都是谈论潜艇在水中升降的深度。)

以下各句分号用法不当，前后两句风马牛不相及，应该分别改正为句号：

1）The bear rummaged through the camp food supply;（.）some people believe in angels. Improper Use

2）Japan consists of four large islands; （.）solar panels can generate electricity. (no relating idea) Improper Use

3）Sundials are practical and decorative; （.）snorkeling is a popular vacation pastime. (no relating idea)

分号可以丰富写作形式，但切记莫要滥用。

练习一用分号合并句子

下面十个句子都是描述医疗手术的。因为它们都是处理同一个主题，我们就可以用分号合并其中一些语义有紧密联系的句子。对语义相对独立的句子便单独使用句号。

The surgical team prepared the operating room for the procedure.

The surgeon dressed in a green surgical gown.

She wore a protective cap covering her hair.

Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D Minor was piped into the operating room during the operation.

It helped to maintain a relaxed atmosphere during the delicate procedure.

The operation was a success.

The patient experienced a quick recovery.

He was back at work in less than two weeks.

His insurance paid for the operation.

His family was happy to have him healthy again.

练习二用分号合并句子

给下列各句增添一个分号和一个独立子句，从而形成一个复句。注意增添的子句必须与原句具有恰当的紧密的语义联系

例如:

原有单句：The manager trained the crew [each Friday]

添补后形成的复合句：The manager trained the crew each Friday; the training was important.

1. The bakery held a sale once a week

2. The passenger passed through the metal detector

3. The books were arranged neatly on the shelves

4. Simone waxed the china cabinet

5. A strange noise came from the attic

6. A flock of geese flew over the field

7. Ari seemed perplexed by the math problem

8. The driver applied the car’s emergency brake

9. Seinfeld was a popular television comedy for many years

10. The bells in the town hall steeple chimed every evening

练习三用分号造出复句

下面有十个话题，给每一个话题造出一个含有分号的复句。

A favorite pet A thoughtful gift

An exciting event An enjoyable hobby/pastime

A memorable person A disturbing dream

A meaningful place A rewarding job

A fantastic meal A fantastic vacation/trip

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

练习四用分号重新编写复句

利用分号将下面含有九句话的段落缩减为含有七句话的段落。

To potential owners, any pet with the label “exotic” signals poor health and enormous veterinarian bills. However, a cockatiel is a good choice as the family pet. Cockatiels, while exotic looking, are rather hearty and can live fifteen years or more. Most cockatiels are gray with white patches on their wings. They also have colorful crests that point straight toward the sky. A Pearl Lutino is a more exotic looking cockatiel. Its feathers are mostly yellow and white, with gray stripes running down long, elegant tail feathers. Big, perfectly round tufts that look like fuzzy peaches grow over the cockatiel’s ears. Cockatiels are fairly small, usually measuring only twelve to fourteen inches and weighing only two to four ounces.

练习五用分号重新编写复句

利用分号将下面含有十句话的段落缩减为含有八句话的段落。

In general, cockatiels are friendly and sociable. They love to ride around on the shoulder of their owners, as if they were being chauffeured. An occasional nip on the ear is their way of showing the chauffeur appreciation for the ride. Cockatiels like to be included in all family gatherings. The most loving and affectionate cockatiels are those that are hand fed as chicks. In addition to being affectionate, cockatiels are intelligent and amusing. They are capable of whistling tunes and learning to perform a variety of tricks. Mimicry and playful interaction are further behaviors that make these birds fascinating. Like most birds, cockatiels love to have their heads scratched behind their long crest feathers. If a family chooses a cockatiel as its pet, the rewards will be well worth the effort to train and care for the bird.

章节任务自我评估（Chapter Self-Assessment Test）

在下列叙述中，用T或F判断其内容的真实性

You cannot connect simple sentences or independent clauses with a semicolon.

When using a semicolon, be certain the two sentences or two independent clauses have a related idea.

You can use a BOYFANS with a semicolon.

The word following the semicolon is always capitalized

第四章Chapter 4

Combining Independent Clauses Using the Adverbial Conjunction （用副词性关联词连接独立子句）

预备知识

前面已经学过利用逗号、并列连词以及分号合并独立子句和简单句成为复句。这样，我们可以多样化地有节奏感地表达相关的思维。

现在我们可以学习用副词性关联词达到同样的目的。因为连词是虚词，在句中不能充当任何句子成分。而副词是实词，是可以充当句子成分的，我们便可以认定：副词性关联词在句中充当了{插入语}。重视对副词性关联词的运用，有助于将相关的思维在句中联系得更强劲有力。

常见的副词性关联词：

副词性关联词含义副词性关联词含义

accordingly since, so however by contrast, in spite of additionally in addition incidentally by the way

also in addition indeed in fact, undoubtedly

anyway nevertheless, likewise in the same way, similarly

whatever

besides also, meanwhile the time between events

in addition

certainly inescapable, moreover in addition, more, plus

sure

consequently as a result of nevertheless but, despite, in spite of, still finally at the end next after, afterward, since furthermore in addition nonetheless however, nevertheless

hence for this reason, now at present, immediately

from now

otherwise under other thereafter from then on

circumstances

similarly as, as if, like therefore as a result, on account of

still as before, thus as a result, in this way

now, yet

then at that time, undoubtedly certainly,

next in time indeed, truly

注意，有一些副词性关联词具有相似的语义，可以相互替用。但要注意在副词性关联词之前加分号，其后加逗号。

例如

The team practiced [in the morning]; {furthermore},they practiced [again] [in the evening].

Aunt Louisa stopped [at the bakery]; {meanwhile}, her niece waited [in the car].

练习一运用副词性关联词

增添副词性插入语做关联词，能将成对的语义相关的独立子句之间的关系，表现得更紧密。但标点符号要正确。每一组副词插入语只能使用一次。

例如: Sheila hit the ball;{ however}, she was thrown [out] [at first base].

1. The CAT scan discovered a tumor it turned out to be benign.

2. Wrestling at the high school or college level is physically demanding staying in shape is a

necessity.

3. Jackie did not like writing essays she worked hard and received an “A” in the class.

4. The dentist warned my children to floss after every meal cavities and gum disease would surely develop over the next few years.

5. The vacationers didn’t like the tour guide’s itinerary they rented a car, bought a guide book, and went their own way.

6. The crew chief made out the weekly shift schedule she hired three evening workers.

7. The assistant unloaded the cases of soda his boss settled the account with the café’s owner.

练习二用副词性关联词造出复句

增添副词性插入语做关联词，能将下列成对的语义相关的独立子句之间的关系，表现得更紧密。但标点符号要正确。每一组副词插入语只能使用一次。

例如: The painter chose yellow; {however}, the homeowner wanted beige.

1. One detective was questioning witnesses her partner called the coroner.

2. The mountain trail was curving the hikers decided to proceed.

3. The NASCAR circuit is popular in the South sales of souvenirs there is very strong.

4. The actress won a Golden Globe Award she won an Oscar.

5. The moose charged the campers the bear went after the food.

6. The concert lasted over five hours because of encores the band left the stage for food.

7. The newlyweds could not decide on where to go for a honeymoon they bought a living room set instead.

练习三运用副词性关联词

仔细阅读下列五个独立子句。在其后的空格处，利用副词性关联词增补恰当的相关的第二个独立子句。但要注意前后句意关系密切，全句的标点符号使用正确，而且每一个副词插入语只能使用一次。

例如: The falling leaves covered the ground.

The falling leaves covered the ground.; {consequently}, the golfers had a difficult time .

1. The volunteer dug the irrigation ditch for the village

2. A puppy is cute and cuddly

3. Speedboats are fast and exciting

4. My boyfriend does not enjoy the ballet

5. Purchasing a computer is important

练习四用副词性关联词造出复句

仔细阅读下列五个独立子句。在其后的空格处，利用副词性关联词增补恰当的相关的第二个

独立子句。但要注意前后句意关系密切，全句的标点符号使用正确，而且每一个副词插入语只能使用一次。

例如: The cherry blossoms fell [to the ground] .

The cherry blossoms fell to the ground; {certainly}, their beauty was going [to fade] [quickly].

1. The cat chased the ball of yarn

2. The astronaut floated into the bay of the shuttle

3. The harvest moon rose over the field

4. Some buildings are taller than fire engine ladders can reach

5. Teaching your children to read is essential

练习五用副词性关联词造句子

造出五个句子，每句含有相关的两个独立子句。各自使用不同的副词性关联词。每一个副词插入语不宜使用两次。

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

练习六整理用副词性关联词合并的句子

利用副词性关联词将下列段落中的12个句子缩短为只含9个句子。每个复句在连词前要使用分号，其后使用逗号。要选择最能体现前后子句紧密关系的副词性关联词。

During my high school career, I made a point of becoming involved. I was in many different activities, from volunteer clubs to sports. I believe that this really helped me. I made friends with classmates whom I might never have gotten to know if it weren’t for the volleyball team or Kiwanis club. I learned to work with others. I also am very proud of what I achieved through my activities. I learned valuable life lessons, such as forming friendships, the importance of teamwork, and pride in a job well done. Many students go into high school as shy, timid mice. They graduate as big, roaring bears. Participating in extracurricular activities helps this process take place. It gives students self-confidence which, in turn, helps them throughout their entire lives. The activities students participate in, and the knowledge they acquire, will stay with them forever.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

练习七整理用副词性关联词合并的句子

利用副词性关联词将下列段落中的12个句子缩短为只含9个句子。每个复句在连词前要使用分号，其后使用逗号。要选择最能体现前后子句紧密关系的副词性关联词。

Many of the activities I participated in during high school involved teamwork. For example, in

volleyball, the team must have a plan in order to defeat the opponent. The front line players and the back line players must coordinate their movements. Defensive and offensive strategies can shift from one second to the next depending on where the ball is hit and how the other team is positioning its players. The players have to make secret signals to one another in order to act together. Another activity I was involved with in high school took us into the city to winterize houses belonging to people who couldn’t afford to do it themselves. We put plastic over the windowpanes. The plastic sheets were large and difficult to hold steady in the wind. The hammers were heavy and awkward to use. It took three-person teams to finish each window. The job would have been impossible if we didn’t work together. I learned how important teamwork is in everyday life.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

句子合并提示

1) 采用分号合并两个独立子句或简单句是强有力的连接，它能清晰地显示两个理念之间的紧密联系。

例如

Glenn’s favorite hobby is listening to music; he doesn’t play an instrument.

2) 采用逗号和并列连词合并两个独立子句或简单句是更有力的连接，选择BOYFANS系列的连词更能清晰地显示两个理念之间紧密联系的性质。

例如

Glenn’s favorite hobby is listening to music;; but he doesn’t play an instrument.

3) 但是，利用副词性关联词合并两个独立子句或简单句，就对前后关系的紧密性能最确切和有力地显示出来。因为副词性关联词既能揭示前后分句之间各个理念之间紧密联系的性质，又能通过句间的有节奏的停顿，增添对句意的重视。

例如

Glenn’s favorite hobby is listening to music;{however} , he doesn’t play an instrument.

练习八合并句子。

利用前面学过的三种方法（分号、逗号后加用并列连词、分号后带副词性关联词另加逗号）合并下列成对的子句。

1. Abstract art form has little direct reference to external or perceived reality_______ it is

normally synonymous with various types of twentieth-century avant-garde art.

2. The term abstract also refers to images that have been abstracted or derived from

nature_______ the images have been considerably altered or have been simplified to their basic geometric or biomorphic forms.

3. The term nonobjective has been abandoned by most critics_______ now they have supplanted it

with the term abstract.

4. Abstract expressionism appeared in the mid-twentieth century_______ it was primarily

concerned with expression through line and color

5. The artist was interested in expressing emotional reaction to the world _______objective

experiences and situations were seen as less interesting.

6. The movement was part of the organic, emotional, expressionistic approach to art_______ it

was developed to contrast with the geometrically structural, rationalistic approach of the cubists.

7. The roots of abstract expressionism can be found in the works of Kandinsky, Ernst, Duchamp,

Chagall, and Tanguy_______ they inspired a blossoming of abstract expressionism among American painters in the 1950s.

8. The abstract movement centered in New York City_______ this core of American painters was

dubbed the New York School.

9. The New York School included many now-famous artists _______Pollock, de Kooning, Kline,

and Rothko were the most famous American artists.

10. Abstract expressionism also flourished in Europe_______ the Tachism School emphasized

patches of color while the Art Informal School rejected formal structure.

练习九合并句子

利用前面学过的三种方法（分号、逗号后加用并列连词、分号后带副词性关联词另加逗号）合并下列成对的子句。

1. The moon is a natural satellite of the earth ________the name moon is sometimes applied to the satellites of other planets in the solar system.

2. The moon’s diameter is about 2,160 miles________ although this is a large distance, it is only about one-fourth that of earth.

3. The moon’s volume is about one-fiftieth that of earth________ the mass of the earth is 81 times greater than the mass of the moon.

4. The moon has no free water and no atmosphere ________no weather exists to change its surface topography.

5. The moon orbits the earth at an average distance of 238,000 miles________ it completes one revolution around the earth every 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, and 11.5 seconds.

6. At any one time, an observer can see only 50 percent of the moon’s entire surface________ an additional 9 percent can be seen around the apparent edge because of the relative motion called libration.

7. Libration is caused by slightly different angles of view from the earth ________different relative positions of the moon influence our “true” perception of it.

8. The moon shows progressively different phases as it moves along its orbit ________half the moon is always in sunlight, just as half the earth has day while the other half has night.

9. In the phase called the new moon, the face is completely in shadow________ about a week later, the moon is in first quarter, resembling a luminous half- circle.

10. Another week later, the full moon shows its fully lighted surface ________a week afterward,

in its last quarter, the moon appears as a half-circle once again.

练习十合并句子。

在下面的段落中选择三个成对的句子，利用前面学过的三种方法（分号、逗号后加用并列连词、分号后带副词性关联词另加逗号）合并成为复句。一种方法只用一次。

The late November clouds gathered slowly throughout the day, forming a thick, gray blanket by the time the evening sky had darkened. The winter blizzard came to the farm during the night like a stealthy coyote sneaking up on an unsuspecting hen house. In the corners of the intersecting fences, the snowflakes waltzed in circles like miniature tornadoes. They changed speed and direction depending on the wind gusts. The snow banked high against the fence posts and rails also affected the little whirlwinds of ice and snow. Rising and falling silently, the snow swirls were silhouetted against the hazy aura of the moon straining to be seen through the overcast sky. The night grew like a black tide on the ocean. The snow stopped. The air sparkled with shimmering dust-like flakes kicked by imperceptible puffs of wind. The chilled air made the snow’s surface crisp and brittle. Soon, hard rubber tires would crunch the snow into stiff, well-formed patterns.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

章节任务自我评估（Chapter Self-Assessment Test）

在下列叙述中，用T或F判断其内容的真实性

When combining simple sentences or independent clauses, you can use an adverbial conjunction. The adverbial conjunction is preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma.

The word following the comma is always capitalized.

The adverbial conjunction you choose should clarify the two ideas in the two simple sentences or independent clauses.

Moreover is used to clarify that one idea is caused by another idea.

Additionally is used when one idea is added to another.

Therefore is used when an idea is negative.

Consequently is used when one idea is the outcome of another idea.

However is used to show the contrast between two ideas.

第五章Chapter 5

Adding a List

（增添并列词语）

预备知识

前面已经学过如何合并独立子句和简单句成为复句，以增强句子表达的多样化和节奏感以及相关思维的紧密联系。有时，单纯地用运用单句或者合并单句使之成为复句，仍不足以表达作者的思维。

例如

Charles went [to the mall] [to shop].

本句并未说明查理到超市买了什么东西。

于是就常常增添并列词语，补充系列信息，以解释或澄清以及用实例说明作者的理念。

Charles went [to the mall] and purchased a CD, a shirt, and sunglasses.

|

the list（并列词语)

注意：增添并列词语时，句子的骨干成分一般没有变动，而是其中的一个成分被并列地细化了。

一组并列词语常由一些单个的词语组成，它们可能是名词、形容词、动词或介词短语。

例如

The pizza was topped [with cheese, sausage, green onions, and mushrooms]. (名词并列做介词的宾语)

The( large, powerful, and majestic) lion sleeps [16 hours] [a day].(形容词并列做名词主语的定语)

The athlete walks, jogs, runs, and sprints [during practice]. (动词并列做单句的谓语)

The sea otter swims [swiftly], [smoothly], and [playfully]. (副词并列做动词swim的状语)

The cruise ship offers （extravagant）meals [in the morning], [in the afternoon], [in the evening], and [after midnight]. (介词短词并列做动词offers的后置状语)

并列词语在句中的标点和位置（Punctuating and Placing the List）

并列词语可以位于句子的前部、中部或尾部：

前部Cheese, wine, and fruit were served [at the picnic].

中部The hosts served cheese, wine, and fruit [at the picnic].

尾部The food (served at the picnic) included cheese, wine, and fruit.

注意：如果并列项目超过三项时，就需要用逗号将它们分别隔开。其中最后两项之间用连词and连接。若只有两项并列时，则只用and连接。

例如

1）The taxicab stopped and started. (不用逗号分隔)

2）The taxicab stopped, started, and sped [away].

练习一确认和标点并列词语

确认和标点下列各句中的并列词语。对正确的句子标记C。

例如: The Super Bowl Football game included four touchdown passes, three extra points failing, and a parachutist landing at midfield.

1. They ordered steak potatoes and asparagus at dinner.

2. The three cats hid under the table in the closet and in the basement during the thunderstorm.

3. The weather consisted of rain and sleet.

4. King Albert Queen Lucinda and Prince Arn rode inside a golden carriage.

5. The garden consisted of tulips crocuses and jonquils during the three months of spring.

6. The groups of high school seniors corporate executives and international chefs toured Rome for three days.

7. The fog blanketed the fields in the morning during the afternoon and after dark.

8. Talent and poise are ingredients for a successful career in business.

9. The orchestra’s violins cellos and violas answered the woodwinds during the second movement.

10. The trapeze artist soared over the crowd performed a loop and swung upside down.

练习二书写和标点并列词语

给下列不够完整的句子增添必要的并列词语，并正确地加上标点符号。

1._____________________________ made the workers thirsty.

2. The dolphins________________________.

3. The hosts and their guest followed dinner______________________________.

4. The entire choir_________________________________________ prior to the concert.

5. Justin’s favorite rides at the amusement park were_____________________________.

6. The carpenter__________________________________________ to complete the project.

7. The cowboy won the rodeo by________________________________________________.

8. The chef prepared______________________________________________ for his customers.

9.______________________________________________________ made the farmer successful.

10. The early morning hours are the teacher’s favorite time for___________________________.

练习三用并列词语造句

造三个不同的句子。每句包含一个并列词语的成分。并分别将并列成分置于句首、句中或句末。标点要正确无误。

1.

2.

3.

并列词语和平行结构（Parallelism in a Series）

我们已经知道，并列词语可以是名词、形容词、动词和短语。只要在同一个句子成分中出现并列词语，它们就是平行结构。

将不同类别的词语在同一成分中混合起来排列，句子就很难阅读和理解。

例如

The birds are finches, under a tree, and yellow.

这个句子是be动词后是由一个名词、一个介词短语和一个形容词构成的。它不仅语义混乱，而且颠三倒四。至少读者不知道是鸟是黄色还是树是黄色。

如果使用平行结构，语义表达就通畅而明快得多。

例如

[At the supermarket], Sarina purchased bread, butter, and milk. (名词平行结构)

The garden was colorful, fragrant, and beautiful. (形容词平行结构)

Frank swims, bicycles, and runs [every day ][for triathlon practice].( 动词平行结构)

The gymnast vaulted [athletically], [aggressively], and [purposefully]. (副词平行结构)

Chin looked for the passport [in the dresser], [on the counter], and [under the newspaper]. (以in, on, and under开头的介词短语做平行结构)

练习四用平行结构的并列词语造句

用增补三个项目的并列词语完成下列各句。要使它们成为平行结构，内容清晰，格调一致。要使各句分别含有名词平行结构、动词平行结构、形容词平行结构、副词平行结构和短语平行结构。

1. My favorite music groups are_______ , _______, and_______ .

2. The ice-cream sundae was_______ , _______, and_______ .

3. When Shaunista was a teenager, she would hide her diary_______ , _______, and_______ .

4. The air show audience was fascinated by the experimental airplane’s

_______,_______ , and_______ shape.

5. The space shuttle roared_______ , _______ , and_______ into the clouds over the Kennedy Space Center.

练习五用并列词语造句

按照下面列出的话题，各用并列词语为平行结构造一个句子。各句的并列词语可分别为名词、形容词、动词和短语。标点要正确。

1. Library—

2. Weather—

3. Car—

4. Dating—

5. Sky-diving—

练习六整理并列词语

整理下面的段落。合并2,3,4,5句为一句，其中使3、4、5句为并列词语，将它们并入第2句。最后形成平行结构。

(1)Although most dogs are simply family pets, there is a class of dogs that earn their keep in more ways than one. (2)Working dogs serve humans daily through a variety of avenues. (3)They help blind persons. (4)They use their sense of smell to find illegal narcotics. (5)They also help ranchers control herds of livestock. (6)From the earliest recorded history, dogs have

helped people survive by providing numerous services.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

练习七整理并列词语

整理下面的段落。合并3，4，5，6句为一句，其中使4、5、6句为并列词语，将它们并入第3句。最后形成平行结构。

(1)Oldies music stations play songs from the 50s, 60s, and 70s. (2)This music is a great hit with “baby boomers” and anyone else who used to listen to it. (3)These stations focus on playing music by the most popular performers. (4)They play tunes by the Beatles. (5)They play songs by Elvis.

(6)They also play hits by the Supremes. (7)Even though music and the music industry have changed over the decades, stations that play oldies from the 50s, 60s, and 70s are still popular in the new millennium.

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

冒号用法提示（Using a Colon to Add Sentence Variety）

冒号可以使句子多样化，并能突出特定的信息。冒号前后的词语是本位语和同位语的关系。在下列情况下使用冒号

■引入一个清单

■报告时间

■在商务信函中表示敬意

■区分一本书或电影的标题和小标题

1. 在一个独立子句中引入一个清单时使用冒号（To introduce a list）：

例如

Preparing a soufflé（蛋奶酥）requires four ingredients:\=/ milk, eggs, butter, and cheese.

The pharmacy technician ordered the items :\=/ aspirin, gauze, bandages, and antacid.

注意：在动词和宾语之间或者介词和宾语之间都不能使用冒号。

例如

The most popular condiments are: catsup, mustard, and mayonnaise.

(改正：去掉动词后的冒号)

You will find the cats hiding under: the house, the porch, the tool shed. (改正：去掉介词后的冒号)

在独立子句后使用冒号比较恰当。

例如

The following are the most popular condiments: \=/catsup, mustard, and mayonnaise.

The cats were found [in the following places]:\=/ [under the house],[under the porch], and [under the tool shed].

2. 报告时间时使用冒号（Use a colon when telling time）.

例如

The train arrived [at 4:15 P.M].

My 2:30 P.M. doctor’s appointment was changed [to 5:00 P.M.]

3. 在商务信函中表示敬意时使用冒号（Use a colon for the salutation of a business letter）.例如

Dear Mrs. Hilliard:

To Whom It May Concern:

Sirs:

4. 区分一本书或电影的标题和小标题时使用冒号（Use a colon to separate the titles and subtitles of books or movies）.

例如

Accounting in Context: A Business Handbook

Writing Made Easy: A Plain Language Rhetoric

Washington: The First Leader of the Nation

Star Wars: Attack of the Clones

练习八冒号的运用

在下列句子中，运用冒号引入出一个清单，计算一个时间，解释一本图书或电影的标题和小标题

1. The teacher taught using a variety of methods lecturing, using an overhead projector, and

assigning in-class group projects.

2. Jerry enjoyed many activities while vacationing boating, fishing, and hiking.

3. The Concorde jetliner left Paris at 6:05 P.M. instead of its scheduled time of 5:50 P.M.

4. The librarian reshelved the book left on her desk Retire Early How to Make Money in Real

Estate Foreclosures.

5. The two movies had different start times Iron Man at 4:40 P.M., and The Chronicles of Narnia at 4:55 P.M.

6. The office workers ate lunch in a variety of places in the employee lounge, on the roof, and out by the lake.

7. Sheila enjoyed reading the new book about food shopping Using Coupons Free Meals for Your Family.

8. Joaquin used three types of peppers to add color to his special salsa red, yellow, and green.

9. HOMES is a mnemonic device to help people remember the names of the five Great Lakes Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior.

10. The children enjoyed the party because of the food hot dogs, hamburgers, and chips.

练习九改正冒号使用的错误

改正下列句子中冒号使用的错误。

1. The two falcons: found a tree, gathered twigs, and built a nest.

2. My bus left the station at 515, instead of 615 as written in the schedule.

3. The surgical team had a good reputation because: they were up on the latest techniques and had worked together for four years.

4. The Liberian flag is: red, white, and blue.

5. The movie was titled The Lord of the Rings The Two Towers.

6. The man’s hidden desires turned out to be: baseball, baseball, and baseball.

7. The plane: could not take off: the engine wasn’t powerful enough to handle the load.

8. The book was titled Toward Better Scoring on the SAT An Exercise Booklet.

9. Amelia was in a hurry because her date was at 7: 00 P.M., and it was already 6: 45 P.M.

10. The children’s favorite schoolyard activities were: riding the merry-go round, climbing the

jungle gym, and playing hopscotch.

练习十用冒号重新编写句子

用冒号书写三个句子，引入出一个清单，计算一个时间，解释一本图书或电影的标题和小标题

1.

2.

3.

练习十一用冒号重新编写

在需要处采用冒号重新编写下面段落

Movies are popular because of two factors actors and genres. Star-power can almost guarantee that a movie will make money. There are a handful of stars in this category Will Smith, Johnny Depp, and Nicole Kidman. If tickets for movies starring one of these actors go on sale at 2: 00 P.M., the “Sold Out” sign usually lights up by 4: 00 P.M. Fantasy-action movies are some of the most popular movies currently running. Some of the largest grossing movies in history belong to this genre Star Wars The Return of the Jedi, Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring, and Harry Potter The Order of the Phoenix, to name a few. If movie producers can combine a popular star with a popular genre, a box-office bonanza is almost a sure thing.

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练习十二用冒号重新编写

在需要处采用冒号重新编写下列信件

Dear Ms. Morgan

Thank you for your recent inquiry concerning what to expect here at Middletown University during your first year as a student. As you know, there are certain personal traits that will stand you in good order both at school and your future place of employment financial responsibility, time management, and cooperation. Working to help with expenses teaches the value of money and what it represents in terms of goods and services. Time management is an important skill to learn. For instance, in her best-selling business book, Time Management Workplace Wizardry, author Meghan Brooks suggests that you should never get out of bed later than 6: 00 A.M. By 7: 00 A.M. you should have your daily schedule complete. Doing this will keep you organized and focused on each task. Cooperation, of course, will help you enormously while you are attending Middletown. You will be working and interacting with a wide array of individuals administrators, staff, faculty, and other students. I hope this letter helps answer your concerns. Please do not hesitate to contact me during my office hours 3: 00 P.M. Wednesdays and 1000 A.M.Thursdays.

Sincerely yours,

Ronald Blevins, Dean

Arts & Humanities Division

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

章节任务自我评估（Chapter Self-Assessment Test）

在下列叙述中，用T或F判断其内容的真实性

Lists or a series of words and phrases are added to a sentence to make it longer.

In a two-item list, the word and plus a comma is used to separate the items.

In a three-item series, the items in the list are separated by commas. No and is required. Lists can be added at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence.

Items in a list must be parallel.

Nouns, verbs, and phrases can be mixed together to construct a series.

Use a semicolon after an independent clause to introduce a list.

Do not use a colon before a list if the colon immediately follows a verb or preposition. Use a colon when telling time.

Use a comma, not a colon, in the salutation of a business letter.

Use a colon to separate the title and subtitle of a book or movie.