Book3 Module 5 1

Book3 Module 5

Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China

教学目标: 1. 核心单词

2. 高频短语

3. 典型句式

导学案

part I: Revision

1. Review words and phrases learned

2. Correct wrong questions of homework

Par t II：问题导学

一、核心单词

1. ____________ n．善良

2．____________ n．秩序

3. ____________n．原则；准则

4._____________ n．职位

5._____________ vt. 强调

6._____________ vi.辞职

7._____________n. 公正

8．____________adj. 柔软的

9. ____________ n．范畴；种类

10．____________n. 自由

11．____________ n．状况；条件；环境

12．____________adj. 平等的→equality n．平等

13．____________ n．重要；重要性→important adj.重要的

14．____________ n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；捐献

15._____________ vt.发明→inventor n. 发明家

16. ____________ n．争论；辩论；议论→argue v．争论，议论

跟踪训练

Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

1.Having the same quantity, measure, or value as another_________

2.The search for knowledge, especially the nature and meaning of life_________

3.Experts specialized in chemistry_________

4.To be able to find or spare enough time or money for sth._________

5.Being just and fair_________

6.Basic truth, general law of cause and effect_________

7.Things that are taught_________

8.To set up_________

9.The act of giving or supply_________

10.Truthfulness;sincerity_________

Ⅰ.词语判断

1.答案：equal

2.答案：philosophy

3.答案：chemists

4.答案：afford

5.答案：justice

6.答案：principle

7.答案：teachings

8.答案：found

9.答案：contribution

10.答案：honesty

二、高频短语

1. ________________与……交战

2. ________________ 养育；抚养

3. ________________ 对……感兴趣

4. ________________ 为……自豪

5. ________________ 总之

6. ________________ 第一次

7. 等于；能胜任

8. 条件是……

9.

10.

11. 状况良好

三、典型句式

1．the way＋(in which/that) 定语从句

Treat others ________________________________(你想被别人对待的方式)．

2. the reason why...is that...……原因是……

Mencius believed that ____________________________________________________(人类区别于动物的原因) is that man is good.

3. no＋比较级＋than...并不比……多多少/两者都不……

Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were_____________(并不比马快)．4. sb.say that...＝it is said that....据说……

________________ (据说)you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.

5.order that...(should)＋动词原形命令……

单词精研

1.equal v．等于，与……相等；比得上adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的；n.同等的人或物(教材P41)All human beings are equal. 所有的人都是平等的。

(1) equal＋sb./sth.(in＋n.) (在……方面)比得上，与……匹敌；与……相等

(2) be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于；能胜任

be equal with 与……平等

(3)without (an)equal 无人可比的

(4)equally adv. 同样地；相等地

Eg. ①(牛津) Divide the cake into equal parts.把蛋糕分成等份。

②No one equals him in strength.

论力气，无人能和他相比。

③Diet and exercise are equally important.

饮食和锻炼同样重要。

④His paintings are without equal in the Western world.

他的画在西方世界首屈一指。

⑤A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.

1磅约等于500克。

2.order n．次序，顺序；秩序；整齐；命令；订购；

点饭(菜)vt.命令；订购；安排

(教材P43)He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.

他强调仁爱、责任和秩序在社会中的重要性。

归纳拓展

(1)in order of...以……的顺序

in order 井然有序；适宜的

out of order 紊乱的；出故障的

place an order for sth.with(sb.) 和(某人)订购某物

(2)order sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事

order that...(should)＋动词原形命令……

order sb.sth.＝order sth.for sb. 为某人订购……

①(2012 ·高考福建卷·阅读理解C)Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order.

现在打电话订购就会得到一份免费的礼物。

②I couldn’t ring because the phone was out of order.

我没法打电话，因为电话机坏了。

③Do you wish to place an order for some tea with me now？你现在想跟我订购些茶吗？

④The general director of the project ordered that the work(should) be started at once.

工程总指挥命令立即开始工作。

【温馨提示】

order作动词用时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句的谓语要用should＋do或省略should。作名词用，表示“命令”时，相关的从句也要用虚拟语气。

⑤His order is that we (should)not leave until he returns.

他的命令是他回来我们才能走。

3. stress n．压力，重压；强调vt.重音；着重；强调；重读

(教材P43) He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society.

他强调仁爱、责任和秩序在社会中的重要性。

(1)lay/ put/ place stress on sth.＝stress sth.

把重点放在……上；强调……

under stress 在压力之下

under the stress of 为……所迫

(2)stress the importance of...

强调……的重要性

stress that... 强调……

①(2012 ·高考北京卷·阅读理解C)The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.研究表明压力可能会通过可以预见的方式改变人们做决定的方法。

②Tom has been under a lot of stress since his father was ill.自从他父亲病倒后，汤姆一直忧心忡忡。

③She lays great stress on punctuality.

她非常强调要准时。

④The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。

4. condition n．条件；情形；环境；社会地位；状况

(教材P49)Often，factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions.通常工厂工人生活在贫穷和拥挤的环境中。

归纳拓展

(1)be in a．..condition在……状况下

be in condition 状况良好

be out of condition 情况很糟；身体不适

(2)on...condition 在……条件下

on condition (that) 条件是……

on no condition 决不；绝不

(3)conditions n. (生活或工作的)条件；环境

living/working conditions 生活/工作环境

①(朗文) The car has been well maintained and is in excellent condition.汽车一直保养得很好，处于极佳状态。

②What sort of condition is your new house in?

你的新房子目前是什么状况？

③You must on no condition tell him what happened.

你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。

④Having been out of condition for several weeks, he decided to put off his trip to the USA.因为身体不好好几周了，他决定推迟他的美国之行。

⑤You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.

你穿上外衣才能出去。

[易混辨析]condition/situation/state

condition 表示“状况；状态”时为不可数名词；表示“环境(常用复数形式)；条件”时，为

situation 表示“形势；处境”，为可数名词，常用于in a/an...situation。

state 指状况，状态。常常与不定冠词构成in a．..state或in a state of...搭配。还可表示“州，国家，政府”等。

自填助记(1)I’ve had no exercise for ages；I’m really out of condition.

(2)The present situation calls for new measures.

(3)We must keep up a good state of mind whenever we are in trouble.

跟踪训练

Ⅰ.完成句子

1. 这辆汽车情况良好。

The car is ________________.

答案：in very good condition

2. 玛丽和比尔头脑一样聪明。

Mary __________________ Bill in brains.

答案：is equal to

3. 他对公司的成功做出了重要的贡献。

He has______________________the company’s success.

答案：made an important contribution to

4. 医生命令我休息一个月。

The doctor _____________________for a month.

答案：ordered me to take a rest

5．过马路时一定要细心，我如何强调都不过分。

I ________________ the carefulness while crossing roads.

答案：can’t stress enough

Ⅱ.单项填空

1. (2012·高考湖北卷)The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _________ in the garden of a traditional home.

A．out of question B．out of order

C．out of sight D．out of place

解析：选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意：这款家具款式时尚，颜色鲜艳，适合放在现代化的房子和花园里，但是放在传统住宅的花园里就显得不伦不类了。out of question“没问题”；out of order“出故障”；out of sight“看不见”；out of place“不适当，不得体”。根据句意可知，选D。

2. (2013·哈尔滨模拟)It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ________ in language studies.

A．situation B．expression

C．condition D．translation

解析：选A。考查名词辨析。句意：在语言学习中我们要根据情景使用单词或短语，这是非常重要的。situation情景，形势；expression表达，表情；condition状况，环境，条件；translation翻译。

3. (2013·长沙模拟)Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ________ importance are skills.

A．fair B．reasonable

C．equal D．proper

解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。句意：在体育运动中健康非常重要，但技能至少也同等重要。fair公平的；reasonable合理的；equal平等的；proper适当的。of at least equal importance are skills是倒装句，正常的语序是skills are of at least equal importance。

4. (2013·辽宁模拟)I agree to his suggestion ________the condition that he gives up smoking.

A．by B．in

C．on D．to

解析：选C。考查介词用法。句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃吸烟。介词on 和the condition that一起相当于一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以……为条件”。

5. (2013·天津模拟)He telephoned the travel agency to_________ three air tickets to Beijing.

A．order B．arrange

C．take D．book

解析：选D。考查动词辨析。句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去北京的机票。book 和tickets搭配，是“订票”的意思。

高频短语

1. be at war with...与……交战

(教材P43)Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.

古代中国是个各诸侯国经常混战的地方。

归纳拓展

(1)a civil/cold war内战/冷战

make/declare war on... 对……宣战

go to war 开战

(2)“at＋n.”构成短语，表示“处于一种什么样的状态”

at peace 处于和平状态

at rest 在休息at risk 在冒险

at work 在工作

at table 在吃饭

at sea 在航海；茫然，不知所措

①(牛津) The country has been at war with its neighbor for two years.这个国家与邻国已打了两年仗了。

②We hope they can find a solution without going to war.

我们希望他们能找到不进行战争的解决方法。

③This country had no choice but to declare war.

这个国家别无选择只能宣战。

④The whole future of the company is at risk.

公司的整个前途受到威胁。

2. bring up养育；抚养；提出(话题)；呕吐

(教材P43)His father died when he was young，and he was brought up by his mother.孟子的父亲在孟子小时候就去世了，他是由他的母亲抚养成人的。

归纳拓展

bring about引起，导致(事故、变化等)

bring back 归还；带回；(事物)使记起

bring down 使倒下；弄倒；降低

bring in 吸引；引进；赚得

①(朗文) Why did you have to bring up the subject of money? 你为什么非要提钱这个话题？

②Martin has been bringing up all he ate.

马丁把他所吃的东西都吐了出来。

③His work brings(him)in ￥50,000 a year.

他从事的职业每年可赚50000元。

④The photographs brought back many pleasant memories.那些照片给人带来很多美好的回忆。

⑤Science and technology has brought about many changes in our lives.科学技术给我们的生活带来了诸多变化。

跟踪训练

Ⅰ.选词填空

be at war with；bring up；be proud of；in conclusion；for the first time

1. Germany has ________________ France for many years.

答案：been at war with

2. Though born and__________________in America, he loves his motherland—China very much.

答案：brought up

3. ________________，the society has been developing very fast since the opening policy.

答案：In conclusion

4. All our classmates gathered__________________after our graduation ten years ago.

答案：for the first time

5. She_________________ playing the leading part in this TV series.

答案：was proud of

Ⅱ.单项填空

1. (2013·山东济南模拟)Tom _________ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.

A．brought up B．looked up

C．picked up D．set up

解析：选C。考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：汤姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。表示“学会”用pick up；pick up另外还有“捡起；顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看；(形势)好转，改善；查阅”；set up表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”。

2. (2013·大连市第二十中学模拟)Do you still remember when Japan ________ China?

A．set war to B．declared war on

C．was at war with D．went to war

解析：选B。declare war on“向……宣战”；at war“处于战争状态”；go to war“开始作战”。由when可知表示的是动作而不是状态，故选B。

3. (2013·河南省实验中学模拟)His parents died in the strong earthquake，so he was ________in the SOS Village.

A．grown up B．taken up

C．fed up D．brought up

解析：选D。考查动词短语意义辨析。bring up“教育，培养，使成长”，多用于被动语态；grow up“(儿童)长大，长起来”，表示主语发出的动作；take up“拿起，从事”；feed up“供给……的营养”。

句型精析

1.(教材P41)Treat others in the way you want to be treated.

己所不欲，勿施于人。

[句法分析]

本句way意为“方式；方法”，在句中作先行词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，那么可以用that或in which来引导，也可以省略that或in which。

①Would you like to perform once again the way( in which/that)you climbed up the high tree?

你愿意再给我演示一遍你是怎样爬上那棵高树的吗？

②We have been struck by the way he teaches us the language.

我们被他教我们语言的方式给吸引住了。

③We not only attach importance to the result, we also stress the way you solve the problem.

我们不仅认为结果是重要的，我们也强调你解决问题的方法。

2. (教材P43)Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.

孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。

[句法分析]

believe后是that引导的宾语从句，从句中使用“the reason why...is that...”句式，其中why 引导的是定语从句，that引导的是表语从句。

归纳拓展

(1)That/This is because...“这是因为……”，because引导的表语从句表示原因；

(2)That/This is why...“这就是……的原因”，why引导的表语从句表示结果。

①The reason why I didn’t attend the party was that I was too busy.我没有参加宴会是因为我太忙了。

②Sorry，we are late.That’s because we were held up in the traffic jam.很抱歉我们迟到了，那是因为我们遇上交通堵塞被耽搁了。

③We were late；that’s why we missed the first bus.

我们迟到了，那就是为什么我们错过了第一班车的原因。

④The reason why some people died young is that they didn’t pay attention to their health.

一些人早逝的原因是他们不注意自己的身体健康。

【温馨提示】

reason用作定语从句先行词时，首先判断reason在定语从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，则要使用关系副词why引导定语从句，而且why有时可省略；如作主语或宾语，则使用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。

⑤We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job.我们希望知道她为什么不接受这份工作。

⑥The reason that/which you’ve given sounds reasonable.你给出的理由听起来合情合理。

跟踪训练

单项填空

1. (2013·哈尔滨三中模拟)The reason ________ I explained for three days’ leave was ________ my sick mother needed my care.

A．why；that B．which；that

C．why；because D．which；because

解析：选B。第一个空填关系代词which是因为此处定语从句中谓语动词explained缺少宾语，which在此处指代

the reason且引导定语从句。第二个空填that, 此处that引导的表语从句指the reason的内容。

2. (2013·山西太原模拟)The reason ________ Malcolm didn’t study art was ________ his father didn’t want him to.

A．why；that B．why；because

C．for；because D．of；which

解析：选A。考查the reason why...is that...句式。句意：Malcolm没有学习艺术的原因是他的父亲不想让他学。其中why引导定语从句，that 引导表语从句。

3. (2013·临沂质检)—How can I get out of the hotel?

—Please walk by ________you entered.

A．the way B．in the way that

C．the way which D．the way what

解析：选A。the way作先行词时，后面的连接词可以是that或in which，排除C、D两项；B项有介词in与空白前的by冲突，故选A。

Ⅰ.词语判断

1.答案：equal

2.答案：philosophy

3.答案：chemists

4.答案：afford

5.答案：justice

6.答案：principle

7.答案：teachings

8.答案：found

9.答案：contribution

10.答案：honesty