4常见翻译技巧之增减词

常见翻译技巧之增减词

.增词：指翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加，使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格，又能符合译入语的表达习惯。

.注意：增词不能增意

.减词：原文中表达意思的词在，如果汉语中不把词减去的话，显得累赘

.注意：减词不减意

增词（Amplification）

１、根据背景知识增补

.世纪伟人邓小平

.Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the great figures in the twentieth century

.孙中山 Dr. Sun Yat-sen

.宋庆龄 Madam. Song Qingling (Mme.)

.2、This great scientist was born in New England.

.这位伟大的科学家出生于美国东北部的新英格兰。

.3、Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers.” (high priest)

.were to表示将来；Aaron是摩西的兄弟

.正是这几句话，日后让整个世界在我面前如花展开，就像《圣经》中所说的“亚伦的杖开了花”，奇迹出现了。（来自美国的海伦凯勒）

.班门弄斧:

.在鲁班门前舞弄斧子。比喻在行家面前卖弄本领，不自量力。

.show off one’s proficiency with axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter

.三个臭皮匠，抵个诸葛亮

.Two heads are better than one.

.The wit of three cobblers(补鞋匠） combined surpasses Zhuge Liang, the master mind.

2、根据语法需要增补

.增加时态、语态（重点）

.Yesterday evening I had seen her on her knees in front of the house.

昨天夜晚我曾看见她跪在房子前面。

.The surgeons weren’t sure how long my new joints would last. But they’re holding up fine.

.那些外科医生当时不能肯定我的新关节可以维持多久，但是它们至今还是运转良好。

.I have had the joy of two beautiful and wonderful wives, the happiness of parenthood and the love of eight children.

.我有幸（先后）获得两位美丽贤惠的妻子带来的幸福，体验过为人之父的乐趣和八个子女的爱

.增加适当词语区别单复数

.The lion is the king of animals. .狮子是百兽之王。

.

.The slogan “Press on” has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race.

.“坚持下去”的口号已经解决并将继续解决人类

的各种问题。

.She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea.

.她热情地将客人们迎了进来，然后给他们各端上一杯茶。

.增补表达词

.Fortune knocks at every man’s door once in a life.

.每一个人的一生中，幸运女神都只来敲一次门。

.Long-stemmed models ankled through the lobby.

.身材修长的模特袅袅婷婷地从厅中走过。

.增加重复词、序词

.We left so much in Vietnam——so much innocence, so many dreams, so many good men and women.

.我们在越南失去的东西太多了——失去许许多多无辜的生命，失去许许多多美梦，失去许许多多善良的男男女女。 .《Time》20世纪最经典的语句之一

.He had become a master of evasion: his main response to criticism is to threaten, filibuster and delay.

.他已是个回避问题的老手：其回应批评的主要方法是一威胁、二阻挠、三拖延。

.

减词（omission）

从语法角度

.I am a frequent moviegoer, keeping abreast of the latest development of Hollywood movies.

.我是电影院里的常客，通晓好莱坞电影最新动态。 .

.I framed the words in my mind, “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?”.我心里在嘀咕：“对不起，我做了什么事冒犯了您？” .

.As it is late, let us go to bed.

.不早了，睡吧

.从修饰角度进行减省

.There are plenty of opportunities to attend community events and volunteer your services.

.参与社区活动以及提供志愿服务的机会多得很。

.The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach. .车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。