MEMORANDUM
MEMORANDUM
From: Olive HR Manager
To: All staff
Date: 12 June, 2008
Subject: Appointment of Francisco
Here we announce the appointment of Mrs. Francisco as our new Sales Manager of the Headquarter. She will be starting her job next Monday morning. There will be a small welcome party by 9:00 that day so everyone please be on time.
一、概述
备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文。在公文函件中，它的等级是比较低的，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。在业务上，它一般用来补充正式文件的不足。它的内容可以分为以下几项：
书端（Heading）
收文人的姓名、头衔、地址（Addressee…s Name， Title， Address）
称呼（Salutation）
事因（Subject）
正文（Body）
结束语（Complimentary Close）
署名（Signature）
二、备忘录写作注意事项
1、书端部分包括发文机关的名称、地址、发文日期，有的还包括电报挂号、电传号、电话号码等。许多机关有自己特制的信笺，在写书端时，其格式和标点符号的使用与一般信件的相同。
2、称呼从左边顶格写起，对一般机关、团体的负责人一般用 Dear Sir，对政府官员可用Sir.
3、正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。“事因”一项目前采用得较少。
三、经典范文（共有5篇范文）
例1 Directions： Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for each dormitory.
MEMO
August 16， 2005
To： The leader of student service department
From： Li Ming
Subject： Telephone
Dear Sir，
I would like to remind you that we are in want of a telephone for each dormitory. As a university student，we need to cope with the daily increasing communications with teachers，friends and people outside the campus.
We need a telephone to get and send message，which is important for us. Though most of us have mobile phones and e-mail address，a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of communication. I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as possible.
Regards.
Yours，
Li Ming
注：“remind”一词用法比较多，可以在后面直接接人或宾格，如“提醒我”译为“please remind me”。如果提醒某人某事则用“remind somebody of something”，也可以在后面加从句，即“remind sb that”，“remind”还有一个意思为“使想起”同样用“remind…of…”的结构，应注意与提醒某事区分。
例2 Directions：You are supposed to write a Memorandom of about 100 words to the leader of the supply section to borrow one more microscope for your biological experiment. It should include：
1） Why you need the microscope.
2） When you need it.
MEMO
August 12，2005
To： Mr. Gates，leader of the supply section
From：Li Ming of the biological laboratory
Subject：Microscope
Dear Sir，
I'm a student of biology department and we are badly in need of an extra microscope in order to improve our experimental work.
Our experiment will start on Friday，so please issue a microscope to us as soon as possible so
that we can prepare better for the experiment.
With kind regards.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
注：在写备忘录的时侯，一定要注意它的格式，尤其要在开头写清楚是谁写给谁来备忘的，用“From：／To：”两个单词即可。文中的“badly”是“非常的，迫切的”意思。短语“in order to”
同下句的“so that”意思是一样的即：为了，目的是。不同的是前者后接动词原型而后者常跟目
的状语从句，类似的短语还有“in order that”，用法与“so that”相同。
例3 Directions：If you are the teacher of the students'Counseloris office：P. steelpes，and you have received a letter for requesting for paid education leave from a student. Write him a memo to reply him including details：
1） The result of his requirement.
2） The reason for rejecting.
3）some suggestions
You should write about 100 words.
To： Records Section
From：P. steelpes，Career Planning
Subject：Request for Paid Education Leave
Date：May 22，2005
In response to your request for one year of paid education leave to take a degree in English literature， I have to inform you that we cannot authorize this leave.
While we appreciate your desire to improve your knowledge，we feel that English literature is
not directly related to your present position and to the goals of this organization.
I am aware of your great interest in literature，and I would like to point out that you could gain advantage to apply for leave without pay.
If you need another information on the above，do not hesitate to keep touch with me at any time.
P. steelpes
注：首先要注意本篇备忘录的格式很标准。然后注意这个备忘录的个别词的用法，譬如：be aware of 注意到、当心的意思，point out 指出，request for 要求，in response to 反馈。
例4 Directions：You are a supervisor of a big company. The chief of operations wants to adopt the"punch-in"system to increase productivity. Write a memo to talk about this：
1） Does the 'punch-in"system benefit the company？
2） If the company doesn't adopt it， what else can we do to increase productivity.
You should write about 100 words.
To：David Green，Chief of Operations
From：Tony Party ，Supervisor
Subject：Comments on the "Punch-in" System
Date：March. 22，2005
This is further to your memo dated March. 20，2004，in which you proposed that employees adopt the "punch-in" system.
I fully agree with you that we must increase productivity. As far as your proposal that if the "punch-in" system is adopted，we would have a tighter control over the employees is concerned. However，I don't think so. I personally think that，to accomplish this，we should give the employees more incentives to work faster. I feel that if we （the supervisors）could meet with you，we could discuss different possiblilities to create such incentiveness.
Your consideration of this suggestion would be appreciated.
Tony Party
注：此篇是对一篇备忘录的回复。生产主管认为实行打孔考勤制度（“punch-in”system），有利于增加生产效率。但督察却不这样认为。他认为“should give the employees more incentives
to work faster”。
例5 Directions：You are a manager of administration office naming Vera. M. Bradford. The board of directors have decided to anew the Fitness Center. Write a memo to tell all the employees that：
1） How long will this project be last for？
2） Welcome the employees to provide suggestions.
You should write about 100 words.
To：Every Employees
From：Brian Aponte
Date：November 18， 2005
Subject：Fitness Center
The board of directors approved the idea for anew Fitness Center at its meeting yesterday.
Work on the Fitness Center will begin right now and should be completed within 90 days. An employee representative from each division will be appointed to determine the type of equipment and programs that will be made available.
We are happy to be able to provide a facility that will contribute to the physical fitness of all our employees. Your representative on the task force will contact you soon for your suggestions about activities and equipment.
Brian Aponte
Administration Office， Manager
注：这是一篇关于公司修建健身中心的备忘录。备忘录中说健身中心工作马上开始而且“completed within 90 days”。而且希望各部门代表与主办部门联系，征求关于活动和设备的意见。
Directive Memo Sample:
MEMORANDUM
TO: Design Team #362
FROM: W.B. Working
DATE: May 27, 1997
SUBJECT: Project Schedule
As a result of yesterday?s meeting, I suggest we follow the project schedule listed below. Remember, we must submit a Proposal by noon on July 2.
Schedule
Task Completion Date
Divide research into groups and compile information June 6
Review designs from Kate and Bill. June11
Write Proposal June 23
Review Proposal June 26
Submit Proposal for printing June 27
Response Memo Sample
MEMORANDUM
TO: Design Team #362
FROM: W.B. Working
DATE: May 27, 1997
SUBJECT: Project Schedule
Purpose: This memo responds to your request that the weekly meeting be moved from 9am to 10am.
Summary: 1. This request is satisfactory as long as it is approved by management.
Discussion: 1. Management usually has no problem with the individual time changes in meetings, as long as meeting minutes are turned in by noon to Cathy.
Action: I have asked Cathy if she thinks this would be a problem and she said no, so all we need to do now is get approval from Steve.
Trip Report Memo Sample
MEMORANDUM
TO: Design Team #362
FROM: W.B. Working
DATE: June 27, 1997
SUBJECT: Weekly Meeting
Purpose: This memo presents my impressions of the meeting last week. Summary: In general, I felt that the meeting went well and much progress was made.
Discussion: Barb and Jeff were able to make progress on the graphics and should have them finished next week.
Kyle and Sandy are on Chapter 2 of the user manual.
Recommendation: Kyle will meet with Jeff to see how they want the graphics integrated into the text.
Field/Lab Reports Sample
MEMORANDUM
TO: Dean of Journalism
FROM: Steve Nash
DATE: June 27, 1999
SUBJECT: Computer Lab
Purpose: This memo presents my the findings of my visit to the computer lab at Clark C252.
Summary: In general, I felt that the lab needs much new equipment and renovation.
Problem: The inspection was designed to determine if the present equipment was adequate to provide graduate students with the technology needed to perform the tasks expected of them by their professors and thesis research.
Methods: I ran a series of tasks on SPSS and WordPerfect and recorded memory capacity and processing time for each task.
Results: The inspection found that the hardware used to run the computers is outdated and that the computers itself are very slow.
Conclusions: This lab is inadequate for the everyday needs of graduate students in this department.
Recommendations: Four new computers running on Windows98 and a processing speed of at least 233mhz should be purchased immediately.
商务便函与便条
审题：
Mr Smith, your boss, told you to ask Ms Liu to attend a sales presentation on a new product.
Write a note to Ms Liu:
*saying who wants her to attend the sales presentation;
*informing her when and where the sales presentation will be held
有同学写成Mr Smith told me to ask who wants to attend
有同学写成 Please write a note to Ms Liu asking her to attend a sales presentation.
一定要把题目看清楚，再下笔写。
(一)商务便函
一般公司企业往往都印有按照自己公司风格的商业便函，请看下列例子：
Memo
To：(收信人)
From:(发信人)
Date:(日期)
Subject:(事由)
Message:(正文)
大企业往往拥有许多分支机构，其商务便函信笺就包含较多的内容，如：
Memo
To：(收信人)
Company：(分公司)
Dept：(部门)
Location & Ext：(地址与分机号)
Subject: From:
Company：
Dept
Location & Ext:
Date:
Message:
商务便函一般由以下几个部分组成：
1、Memo： Memo是Memorandum缩写，因此也可以用Memorandum，此外还有Internal Memorandum和Interoffice Memorandum，其意思都是一样的。
2、To：这一标题后面应写收信人的姓名与职衔，姓名前可以用尊称或不用，如：
To：Mr. John Smith，Sales Manager
3、From：这一标题后应写发信人的姓名与职衔：职衔可根据需要决定写或不写，但姓名前不要用尊称。
4、Date：日期的写法同书信里日期写法的要求完全一样，不要用数字来表示月份。
5、Subject：这一标题后是写事由的，即用一个或几个词汇简单概括便函的内容，以便查阅。事由必须简洁明了，不要用完整的句子，如：
Changes in Travel Advance Form
Promotion of Staff
Vacation Schedule
Participation in Training Programmes
6、Message
商务便函还可以根据实际需要在末尾增加发信人的姓名首字母、附件、副本抄送等。
例
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS
MEMORANDUM
To: Mr. Kingswick, Course Coordinator
From: Barnsby Campbel
Date: 19 November, 1995
Subject: Lesson Plan for 28 November Lecture
I intend to teach memo writing in my next lecture. I plan to cover the following plans:
1. Inside Address
This is omitted in a memo. As internal communication the reason is obvious.
2. Greeting
It is mere polite to put Mr., Mrs. or Ms before and the office after the name of the recipient You may sometimes address the readers as a group.
3. Subject
This is a phrase to tell the reader what the memo is about. Sometimes only the phrase is given without the word Subject before it.
4. Body
These should be short, less than 10 lines, and concentrate on only one paragraph one idea each: Sometimes for memos with three or more paragraphs, it is advisable to begin each with a heading in capital letters to tell what the paragraph is about. Another practice is numbering the paragraphs for easy reference later on.
5. Carbon copy
This is written as c.c. for short. As in a letter, it lists the persons who are also receiving the memo.
6. Signature
Only the initial is needed, The office and name in print of the writer are omitted. In more casual memos there is no signature at all.
Any thought on my notes? Anything to add? Let me know at tea break.
c. c. Mr. P.L. Ducke, Training Officer二)商务便条
商务便条一般有四个组成部分：日期、称呼、正文、签名。一些公司有印好的便条笺。如:
Message
To: Date:
Message
Telephone Message
For:
From:
Tel.:
Message:
Action required: Please call back
Caller will call back later
No action required
Message taken by:
Date Time
例：让秘书通知推迟约会
9 a. m.
Miss Wang ,
I've got an urgent meeting today. Please contact the applicants to postpone the interviews till further notice.
DS
分类：
1 告知信息 inform
2 布置安排 arrange
3 征求意见 request
4 询问信息 enquire
5 求助申请 apply
6 推荐建议 suggest
1 告知信息类
例题：
You are a manager at an auditors called Golding & Co. Your company has just merged with a competitor to become MasonGolding. You have been asked to inform staff of the change of name.
Write a memo of 40 - 50 words:
* informing staff of the new name
* telling them when to start using the new name
* asking staff to use only the new name after that time.
收购与兼并 merger and aquisition
范文：
As a result of our merger with Mason&Co., the name of our company will be changed MasonGolding. Please start to use the new name on 1 March 2006. You are reminded that only the new name can be used from then on.
remind/ advise
总结：告知用词
tell notify mention express inform explain note report advise
I am writing to tell/inform you that…..
I am writing to explain…. (tell your boss why you cannot attend)
I am writing to express (my regret)
例题
You are the training manager of a company which has won a large export order. You have been asked to organise foreign language training for some of your staff.
Write a memo to staff:
explaining why the courses are necessary
saying which members of staff should attend
announcing when the courses will start
Write 40-50 words on a separate sheet.
[范文]
To: All staff
From: the Training Manager
Date: 1 March 2005
Subject: A Foreign Language Training Course
I was asked to organise a foreign language training course because of the large export order we received recently. It will start on 15 March and will last 2 weeks. Those who will deal with orders should attend this course.
2 布置安排类
You are Head of Research for an international car manufacturer. You have to make an urgent trip tomorrow to visit Pierre Blanco, a colleague who works for a subsidiary.
Write a memo of 40-50 words to your secretary:
telling her who you are going to see and when
asking her to book flight tickets and accommodation
telling her what work you would like her to do in your absence.
Write on your Answer Sheet.
subsidiary, parent company, holding company, affiliate, branch, headquarters, representative office
范文：
I need to have an urgent meeting with Pierre Blanco of our Paris office tomorrow. Please book a return ticket to Paris and a hotel room for me as soon as possible. During my absence, please keep me informed of the progress of the project. If there is anything urgent, give me a phone call.
注意口气：比较open the door;
please open the door;
could you please open the door?
I would be grateful if you could open the door for me.
I would appreciate it if you could open the door.
[例文]
You are the manager of a small export company. Peter Watson, an important client, is visiting your company for three days from 22 October.
Write a note of 40-50 words to your secretary:
Asking her to book a hotel room
Saying where the hotel should be
Giving her the dates
[范文]
比较下面三篇作文，注意内容点和语气的区别。
作文1：Dear Ms Jones,
I am writing to inform you that Mr Peter Watson will be visiting our company. Would you please be so kindly as to reserve a suitable room for him?
Yours sincerely
作文2：Hi Mary,
Look. I’m really sorry to have to trouble you but Peter Watson – a really important client – is visiting the company for three days in October, starting on 22nd, to discuss a contract with us. Please will you book for Mr Watson a really nice hotel room as soon as possible? Thanks very much.
See you soon!
作文3 Mary,
Mr Peter Watson is visiting us in October. Could you please hire a hotel room for him? He is arriving on 22nd October and will stay for three nights. If possible, the hotel should be one near the office. Thank you.
3 询问信息类
[例5]
You are the factory manager of a car company. You are waiting for urgently needed components from your purchasing department.
Write a note to Mr Grayson, the Assistant Purchasing Manager:
enquiring about the reason for the delay;
stating when the components are needed;
suggesting a meeting to discuss future deliveries.
Write 40 - 50 words on your Answer Sheet.
[范文]
I am writing to enquire about the reason of the late delivery of the ordered components. We need the components by next Monday. In order to smooth our cooperation, I suggest that we have a meeting to discuss future deliveries.
4 征求意见类
[例文]
You are a Project Team Leader. You have had to postpone your next project meeting because some of the members of your team will be abroad.
Write a memo of 40-50 words to your project team:
informing them of the postponing and giving the reason
stating a new date and time for the meeting
requesting suggestions for the agenda.
Write on your Answer Sheet.
词汇：postpone; delay
agenda, schedule, timetable
[范文]
I am writing to inform you that the next project meeting will be postponed. Because several team members will be abroad for another project, we will hold our next meeting on 1 August, starting from 9am. Please let me know if you have any suggestions as to the agenda of the meeting.
最后一句话可以替换为：
Do you have any suggestions regarding the schedule?
I welcome your suggestions concerning the timetable.
5 求助申请类
[例题]
You have lost your calculator, and you want to order a new one. You need to make a written request to your supervisor, Ann Ray.
Write a memo to her
saying that you need a replacement
explaining what happened to the old one
asking her to approve the request
Write about 40-50 words.
[范文]
I am writing to apply for a replacement calculator. I found the old one missing after the client meeting yesterday. As a calculator is essential to my daily work, could you kindly approve this request?
[例题]
You would like to go to a seminar on presentation skills.
Write an email to your line manager:
requesting time off work to go to the seminar
saying when the seminar is
explaining why you want to go
Write 40-50 words on a separate sheet.
词汇：line and staff management, line manager, staff manager
句型：May I have your permission to do sth?
[范文]
To: Nick Johnson
Subject: Presentation Skills Seminar
I would like to attend a seminar on 3 April.
It is about presentation skills. Since I have to make many presentations to customers, this seminar will be very useful.
Could you tell me if it’s possible to take time off work to attend this seminar?
Thanks
Angela
6 推荐建议类
[例题]
Your company’s Sales Department has asked you to give a talk next Friday on your most recent project.
Write an email to Mrs Jay in the Sales Department:
agreeing to give the talk and suggesting a time
saying what equipment you will need
requesting information about the participants.
Write 40-50 words on a separate sheet.
句型：I think.....
Why not......
Shall we......
I suggest.......
总结用法：
总结suggest用法
suggest
suggest doing sth
suggest eg suggest a holidy
suggest that sb do sth
recommend
recommend recommend some articles
recommend to sb (eg a friend)
recommend doing sth (eg putting another board up)
recommend that sb do sth
[范文]
To: Anna Jay
Subject: Talk Next Friday
I would like to give the talk suggested by you and I think 9.30am, after the break, would be the perfect time.
Required equipment: - Overhead Project
Flipchart with Pens
Please give me some information about the people participating.
Renate
MOU-MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
ON STAMP PAPER MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING On this………Aug2014,THIS MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING(hereinafter referred to as‘MOU’)is made and executed BY AND BETWEEN,XXX……………incorporated under the Chinese Companies Laws,having its Office at……………………………………, (Hereinafter referred as"XXX"). AND XXX,incorporated under the Indian Companies ACT1956,having its office at…………………………………………….(Hereinafter referred as“XXX”). WHEREAS“XXX”has experience&expertise in manufacturing of various types of Wind Energy &Hybrid Solutions and is a well established company in this field. WHEREAS“XXX”is a company established in India and Specializes in integration of various Specialized Systems including Solar,Wind and Hybrid Energy Solutions. AND WHEREAS both the parties are presently desirous to associate with each other to enable “XXX”to represent“XXX”in India and to market all“XXX”wind energy related products in India.
INTERNAL MEMORANDUM.doc
INTERNAL MEMORANDUM To: Dr. von Keller Cc: Mr. Jian Xu From: Yonghua Xu Date: December 6, 1999 Subject: Materials of management seminar for the Brewing Industry (Nov. 18 & 19, MUC) Dear Dr. von Keller, I and Mr. Qi Wu plan to visit Mr. Jian Hong, vice general manager of Tsingtao Beer Ltd. on Dec. 9, 1999. We already promised to give them some key findings of the management seminar for the Brewing Industry held on Nov. 18 and 19, 1999 in MUC. It will be great help to our acquisition, if you can ask somebody send some materials to us in these two days by email or fax. Thank you very much for your support. Best Regards, Yonghua Xu
美文欣赏 1、走过春的田野，趟过夏的激流，来到秋天就是安静祥和的世界。秋天，虽没有玫瑰的芳香，却有秋菊的淡雅，没有繁花似锦，却有硕果累累。秋天，没有夏日的激情，却有浪漫的温情，没有春的奔放，却有收获的喜悦。清风落叶舞秋韵，枝头硕果醉秋容。秋天是甘美的酒，秋天是壮丽的诗，秋天是动人的歌。 2、人的一生就是一个储蓄的过程，在奋斗的时候储存了希望；在耕耘的时候储存了一粒种子；在旅行的时候储存了风景；在微笑的时候储存了快乐。聪明的人善于储蓄，在漫长而短暂的人生旅途中，学会储蓄每一个闪光的瞬间，然后用它们酿成一杯美好的回忆，在四季的变幻与交替之间，散发浓香，珍藏一生！ 3、春天来了，我要把心灵放回萦绕柔肠的远方。让心灵长出北归大雁的翅膀，乘着吹动彩云的熏风，捧着湿润江南的霡霂，唱着荡漾晨舟的渔歌，沾着充盈夜窗的芬芳，回到久别的家乡。我翻开解冻的泥土，挖出埋藏在这里的梦，让她沐浴灿烂的阳光，期待她慢慢长出枝蔓，结下向往已久的真爱的果实。 4、好好享受生活吧，每个人都是幸福的。人生山一程，水一程，轻握一份懂得，将牵挂折叠，将幸福尽收，带着明媚，温暖前行，只要心是温润的，再遥远的路也会走的安然，回眸处，愿阳光时时明媚，愿生活处处晴好。 5、漂然月色，时光随风远逝，悄然又到雨季，花，依旧美；心，依旧静。月的柔情，夜懂；心的清澈，雨懂；你的深情，我懂。人生没有绝美，曾经习惯漂浮的你我，曾几何时，向往一种平实的安定，风雨共度，淡然在心，凡尘远路，彼此守护着心的旅程。沧桑不是自然，而是经历；幸福不是状态，而是感受。 6、疏疏篱落，酒意消，惆怅多。阑珊灯火，映照旧阁。红粉朱唇，腔板欲与谁歌？画脸粉色，凝眸着世间因果；未央歌舞，轮回着缘起缘落。舞袖舒广青衣薄，何似院落寂寞。风起，谁人轻叩我柴扉小门，执我之手，听我戏说？ 7、经年，未染流殇漠漠清殇。流年为祭。琴瑟曲中倦红妆，霓裳舞中残娇靥。冗长红尘中，一曲浅吟轻诵描绘半世薄凉寂寞，清殇如水。寂寞琉璃，荒城繁心。流逝的痕迹深深印骨。如烟流年中，一抹曼妙娇羞舞尽半世清冷傲然，花祭唯美。邂逅的情劫，淡淡刻心。那些碎时光，用来祭奠流年，可好？
MEMORANDUM
MEMORANDUM From: Olive HR Manager To: All staff Date: 12 June, 2008 Subject: Appointment of Francisco Here we announce the appointment of Mrs. Francisco as our new Sales Manager of the Headquarter. She will be starting her job next Monday morning. There will be a small welcome party by 9:00 that day so everyone please be on time. 一、概述 备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文。在公文函件中，它的等级是比较低的，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。在业务上，它一般用来补充正式文件的不足。它的内容可以分为以下几项： 书端（Heading） 收文人的姓名、头衔、地址（Addressee…s Name， Title， Address） 称呼（Salutation） 事因（Subject） 正文（Body） 结束语（Complimentary Close） 署名（Signature） 二、备忘录写作注意事项 1、书端部分包括发文机关的名称、地址、发文日期，有的还包括电报挂号、电传号、电话号码等。许多机关有自己特制的信笺，在写书端时，其格式和标点符号的使用与一般信件的相同。 2、称呼从左边顶格写起，对一般机关、团体的负责人一般用 Dear Sir，对政府官员可用Sir. 3、正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。“事因”一项目前采用得较少。 三、经典范文（共有5篇范文） 例1 Directions： Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for each dormitory.
Memorandum_Keurig
Memorandum Issues Keurig Inc, founder of single-cup brewing system that would allow coffee lovers to brew one perfect cup of coffee, has dominated the leading position in office coffee service (OCS) market. With commitment to a multiroaster strategy, the company has largest variety of coffees available with a single-cup system and is well branded to the consumers due to strong relationship on roasters’ coffee consumption experience. Building on its success in the OCS market, Keurig would launch its new model B100 system into the new market of at-home segment which is much larger but more competitive market. Before official launch in September 2003, Keurig has to figure out several issues of 1) potential confliction of channels at-home market brought to office market 2) Reevaluation of two-K-Cup strategy 3) other elements of the product plans, including price and marketing plan. Of course, there is critical factor of time which is only left for 6 month. Background analysis At-home Single-Cup market characteristic The at-home market exhibits the structure of monopolistic competition with many potential competitors providing differentiated coffees. The positioning strategy for the market is product and customer focused. The life cycle is from embryonic to growth stage also because companies like Salton and Sara Lee are going to enter the market by the second half of 2003. The rivalry switches to increasing competitors from few ones. From overview of competitor’s launching plan and pricing plan targeted at $49-$70 for brewer and $0.20-$0.25 for pod listed in appendix 1, we could predict that their target customer segment is ground coffee drinkers with around 60% of 157 million at-home coffee drinkers in U.S. Their initial strategy is still keeping product differentiation
Memorandum of Understanding
Memorandum of Understanding This Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) is made on April ____, 2016, by and between A, and B for the purpose of A assistingB in acquiring and managing investments, including operating businesses and real estate, in the United States of America (the “U.S. Expansion Project”). WHEREAS A and B desire to enter into an agreement in which A and B will work together on the U.S. Expansion Project. AND WHEREAS A and B are desirous to enter into a MOU between them, setting out the working arrangements that each of the Parties agrees are necessary to perform the U.S. Expansion Project. Purpose The purpose of this MOU is to provide the framework for any future binding contract (the “Agreement’) regarding the U.S. Expansion Project between A and B (the “Parties”). Obligations of the Parties The Parties acknowledge that no contractual relationship is created between them by this MOU, but agree to work together in the true spirit of partnership to ensure that there is a united visible and responsive leadership of the U.S. Expansion Project and to determine financial, administrative and managerial commitment to the U.S. Expansion Project by means of the individual services identified below. Industries for which the U.S. Expansion Project will focus on, but not be limited to, include: 1)Healthcare a)Medical devices b)Pharmaceuticals 2)Assisted Living 3)Agriculture a)Working farms b)Processing plants 4)Developed Real Estate a)Commercial b)Multi-family residential c)Hotels d)Real Estate Investment Trusts 5)Financial Institutions Cooperation The activities and services for the U.S. Expansion Project shall include, but not be limited to:
FIDIC Guidance Memorandum to Users of the 1999 Conditions of Contract dated 1st April 2013
FIDIC Guidance Memorandum to Users of the 1999 Conditions of Contract dated 1st April 2013 Purpose: This Guidance Memorandum is designed to make explicit the intentions of FIDIC in relation to the enforcement of the DAB decisions that are binding and not yet final, which is that in the case of failure to comply with these decisions, the failure itself should be capable of being referred to arbitration under Sub-Clause 20.6 [Arbitration], without Sub-Clause 20.4 [Obtaining Dispute Adjudication Board’s Decision] and Sub-Clause 20.5 [Amicable Settlement] being applicable to the reference. This intention has been made manifest in the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Design, Build and Operate Projects, 2008 (‘Gold Book’) by the equivalent Sub-Clause 20.9. To make FIDIC’s intention explicit this Guidance Memorandum provides changes to be made to the FIDIC dispute resolution Clause 20 and in particular to Sub-Clause 20.7 and, as a consequence, to 14.6 and 14.8 of the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Construction, 1999 (the ‘Red Book’), the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build, 1999 (‘Yellow Book’), and the EPC/Turnkey Projects, 1999 (‘Silver Book’). Compliance with the guidance provided in this Memorandum is highly recommended when using the 1999 FIDIC Red, Yellow or Silver books. Background: A substantial number of arbitral tribunals have found Clause 20 to be unclear on the issue of whether a party may refer the failure of the other Party to comply with a DA B decision that is ‘binding’ but not ‘final’ to arbitration as is explicitly the case of a ‘final and binding’ decision under Sub-Clause 20.7. A DAB decision is ‘binding’ and not ‘final’ when either Party, within 28 days after receiving the DAB decision, gives notice to the other party of its dissatisfaction with the DAB decision. International arbitral tribunals have been divided over whether, in the event of a failure to comply with a DAB decision issued under Clause 20 of the Red Book, which is ‘binding’ but not ‘final’, the failure itself may be referred to arbitration, without Sub-clause 20.4 [Obta ining Dispute Adjudication Board’s Decision] and Sub-Clause 20.5 [Amicable Settlement] being applicable to the reference. This issue was also the subject of the judgment of the Singapore High Court in PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (Persero) TBK v CRW Joint Operation [2010] SGHC 202 and the judgment of the Court of Appeal of Singapore dismissing an appeal from that judgment [2011] SGCA 33 (‘Singapore Case’), which set aside an ICC award directing enforcement of a DAB decision. The same concern applies to Clause 20 of the Yellow Book, and the Silver Book, as that Clause is worded in substantially identical terms in them.
2019年法律英语：Memorandum Sample
2019年法律英语：Memorandum Sample Memorandum To: Ms. Vasumathi Suresh From: Kavitha Ramasami Date: March 22, 2001 Re: Job prospects for a foreign attorney in the United States Facts Ms. Vasumathi Suresh, an attorney with offices in the city of Madras, India, has requested information regarding employment prospects for foreign attorneys residing in the United States. Ms. Vasumathi Suresh is 36 years old and is licensed to practice law in the State of Tamil Nadu, India. Ms. Suresh has experience practicing in the fields of corporate law, international law, estate planning, property and family law. Her knowledge of corporate and international law has been widely recognized by judges, legal experts, and the editors of various legal journals. She is considered an expert in the field of investments and also serves on the board of directors for a number of leading companies in India. Ms. Vasumathi Suresh has traveled widely to many countries such as Brazil, China, Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States, to study the business investments and corporate law of those countries. As the author for eight books dealing with various aspects of international law investments, trade relations, corporations, and business transactions, Ms. Suresh has benefited from numerous educational courses in a number of countries (Brazil, China, Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United States). She has also written many articles which have been frequently cited in court opinions and published in respected magazines. Ms. Suresh has received a number of professional awards from both the government and business sector in her country and is currently contemplating a career move.
MOU - 中英对照
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING This Memorandum of Understanding is made and entered by and between 谅解备忘录 本谅解备忘录签署于，签署双方是 xxxx a company duly incorporated in xxx, bearing Company Registration No. xxx and having its Registered Office and/or the Principle Place of Business at xxxx (hereinafter called and referred to as “xx”, which term shall as herein used where the context so requires mean and include the said xx xx LIMITED its successors in office and assigns) xx公司，一家根据xx法令正式注册成立的公司，公司注册号为xx，公司注册地址为xx（以下简称为“xx”，指xx以及其继任人与受让人）。 AND以及 Xx a company duly incorporated under the Peoples Republic of China, bearing Company Registration No. ……………. and and having its Registered Office and/or the Principle Place of Business at xx(hereinafter called and referred to as the “xx”, which term shall as herein used where the context so requires mean and include the said xx. its successors in office and assigns) xx，一家根据中国人民共和国法律正式注册成立，公司注册号为...............，公司注册地址xx（以下简称为“xx”，xx以及其继任人与受让人）。 WHEREAS, xx and xxx have entered into a memorandum of understanding with each other for xx to act as a local representative and local consultant to bid for the “EOI” called by the “xx” for “xxxxxx”. 鉴于，xx 和xx双方已经签署谅解备忘录，xx授权xx作为其当地代表和当地顾问就xx-业主）的“xx 项目”的“意向书”进行投标。 NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual rights and applications below, each party hereto executes this Memorandum of Understanding to evidence the terms and conditions under which each party agrees to pursue the said Venture. 有鉴于此，现考虑到上述及以下的相互权利和申请，双方在此执行本谅解备忘录，同意遵守相关条款以追求共同目标。 1.Definitions定义 ‘Local Representative and ‘Local Representative and Local Consultant’ shall mean Local Consultant’the xx 当地代表及当地顾问当地代表和当地顾问是指xx公司 ‘MOU’ 谅解备忘录shall mean the instant Memorandum of Understanding and its subsequent amendments, if any, made in terms of this Memorandum of Understanding. 是指本谅解备忘录及以本谅解备忘录为基础的后续修正版（如有） ‘Parties’双方shall mean xx and xxR是指xx及xx ‘EOI’意向书shall mean the EOI called by the “Urban Development Authority” for “xxx” 是指由城市发展局的“xx项目”的意向书 Client 业主Shall mean “Urban Development Authority” 是指城市发展局 2.Subject主题
office-memorandum-format
Legal Research and Writing Professor Dant Fall 2005 OFFICE MEMORANDUM FORMAT There is no standard or single correct format for an office memorandum of law. Many large law firms have developed their own format for the office memorandum for their associates. Other large firms do not provide formalized guidelines. Each firm for or with which you practice during your legal career will probably provide you with a different format. A. The format presented below is the one you will use for this class. HEADING (Note heading is double spaced, and tabs are used to align the information that follows the colon on each line.) MEMORANDUM TO: (Your Professor) FROM: (Your Student I.D. Number) RE: Name of case followed by brief statement of topic DATE: October 10, 2005 STATEMENT OF FACTS (double spaced and title is centered and underlined) The first line of text under this heading is line 1 for your line count. Note that after this line, all lines count, including text and headings. QUESTION PRESENTED (double spaced and title is centered and underlined). SHORT ANSWER (double spaced and title is centered and underlined). DISCUSSION (double spaced and title is centered and underlined).
合作备忘MOU模版(中英文对照)
中英文合作备忘录MOU模版 备注： 1.此MOU是由我方起草，各条款相对公平，条款约束相对宽松。适用于和外方的一般性合作备忘录签订。 2. 如涉及到更深一步的合作，需要添加双方的业绩承诺，时间进度和佣金支付等。 3. 中文备注方面都是由我方公司填写；英文备注由外方填写。
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 谅解备忘录 BETWEEN ______ COMPANY （我方公司） AND (“company name ”（外方公司）) This MOU is entered by and between:- 本MOU由以下各方签署： (1)______________________(填写我方公司名称), herein after ‘___’(abbreviation name)，a company incorporated under the company laws of People's Republic of China, whose Principal Place of Business is ________________________China (填写地址); _____________________公司（以下简称____），为中华人民共和国注册成立的公司，注册地址为_______________________。 AND (“company name ”) a company incorporated under the company laws of ; herein after ‘___’(abbreviation name)，whose Pr incipal Place of Business is 。 _____________________公司（以下简称____），为_____(填写外国国名)成立的公司，注册地址为_______________________。 (_________ and are herein after jointly referred to as the “Parties” and “Party” shall refer to any one of them as the context may require.) （________和以下统一简称为各方，一方指其中之一。） RECITALS:序言： WHEREAS,_____(填写我方公司), is interested in projects related to the technologies, products, services and total solutions in all links of the________(填写合作领域) and its relevant fields in the _____(填写合作地域). ______(填写我方公司)，对相关领域的技术，产品，服务和综合解决方案等项目在_____区域内感兴趣。 WHEREAS, (“company name ”)have expressed their interest in partnering with____ (填写我方公司)in projects related to the technologies, products, services and total solutions in all links of
MEMORANDUM
MEMORANDUM To: David Black From: Marie Lin Date: April 28, 2010 Re: Stephen Graham not disclosing bad atmosphere conditions around the houses he sold in the contract Question Presented Whether the purchasing house contract Randall Byars reached can be rescinded. Brief Answer Yes. There two strong cases for Randall Byars that the contract between seller, Stephen Graham and the buyer, Randall Byars will be rescinded. The seller has a duty to disclose the problems or the defects he is aware of when signing a contract. But obviously the seller violated his duty. Statement of Facts Randall Byars, our prospective client, recently signed a contract to purchase a house in the community to which he has been relocated. He has since discovered that at certain times of the year atmospheric conditions are such that the fumes from a nearby chemical plant become trapped at ground level. The fumes smell noxious and cause watery, burning eyes. Although this problem was not apparent when Byars was shown the house, the seller, Stephen Graham, was aware of the problem. But he never mentioned the problem to Byars. Discussion In the two cases Stewart v. Avery and Waters v. Morton, the contracts were all rescinded by invoking the rule of Caveat emptor. Normally, the rule of caveat emptor applies to the purchase of real estate, requiring the buyer to thoroughly inspect the property before agreement to purchase it. This forces the seller to take responsibility for the product and discourages sellers from selling products of unreasonable quality. The buyer could not recover from the seller for defects on the property that rendered the property unfit for ordinary purposes. However, there is an exception. Passive concealment of defective realty
英语实用文体写作系列 7备忘录
Unit 7 备忘录(Memorandum or Memo) 一、写作技巧 (一)概述 备忘录(Memorandum or Memo)是一种用以备忘的简易公文，是一种正式的专业文件。在公文函件中，它的等级是比较低的，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。在业务上，它是各部门书面联系的一种手段，一般用于内部传递信息，将实情、信息、观察资料等进行传阅，一般用来补充正式文件的不足。 它结构清晰、阅读方便、传递迅速，经常为公司或团体所使用。大多数备忘录的特点是简明扼要，但它们同时也应具备优秀应用文的其他写作原则：面向读者，表达清楚且准确。备忘录简洁短小，各部分题目虽然看上去有些唐突，但它们可以使读者对事情有个大致了解并快速做出反应。 备忘录通常要发送、张贴、转寄，也就是说它们要迅速送到很多人手里。粗心就会出错，其影响会迅速扩大，为了纠正错误人们往往会写更多的备忘录。备忘录也要归档，这意味着它们将来有一天还会纠缠你。事实上“memo”来自于拉丁语“memorandum”，意思是“必须记住的东西”。 它的内容可以分为以下几项： 书端（Heading） 收文人的姓名、头衔、地址（Addressee's Name, Title, Address） 称呼(Salutation) 事因(Subject) 正文（Body） 结束语（Complimentary Close） 署名（Signature） 其标准格式如下： （二）写作注意事项 1、书端（Header/Heading）部分包括发文机关的名称、地址、发文日期，有的还包括电报挂号、电传号、电话号码等。许多机关有自己特制的信笺，在写书端时，其格式和标点符号的使用与一般信件的写法相同。