中药英语

The chinese meteria medica 《shen nong’s Herbal Classic》

Authentic medicinal materials 地道药材（active ingvedients有效成分curative effects治疗效果）

炮制Preparation 目的aims：High effects low toxicity convenience

制药方法Methods ：

Purification （修制）2.Preparation with water 3.Preparation with fire 4.Preparation with water and fire（水火共制）

Drug Properties：药性

Four natures：cold hot warm cool 寒热温凉

Five flavors：pungent sweet sour bitter salty 辛甘酸苦咸

Warm and hot drugs’effects ：温热药一般功效

温经通络：warming and clearing the channels

温里散寒：warming the interior to disperse cold

补火助阳：supplementing fire to support Yang

温阳利水：warming Yang to induce（引导）diuresis(多尿)

回阳救逆：recuperating(恢复)depleted(空虚)Yang to rescue(救)patients from collapse(崩溃) Cold and cool drugs: 寒凉药一般功效

清热泻火：clearing heat to purge fire

凉血解毒：removing heat from blood to eliminate toxicity

清热润肠：purging heat to relax the bowels

利水通痢：inducing diuresis to treat stranguria

去心肝火：removing heat from the heart and liver

用药原则：to treat cold syndrome with hot and to treat heat syndrome with cold drugs

相须synergism 相使assisting 相畏相杀restraint相恶antagonism 相反increasing toxicity 禁忌症contraindications 适用症indications

药性不同煎药方法各异：

先煎to be decocted ahead (minerals and shell 矿物贝类)

后下to be decocted later （peppermint 薄荷）

包煎to be wrapped for decoction (talc云母plantain seed车前草inula flower菊花)

另煎to be decocted alone （ginseng人参american ginseng西洋参rhinoceros horn犀牛角）开水送服to be taken following infusion with warm boiled-water（cinnaar朱砂）

烊化to be melted (donkey-hide gelation 驴皮胶)

服用方法：methods of taking

For decoction,generally one dose is decocted and take tow times each day每日一剂一剂两次

药水liquid medicine 贴剂patch 药膏ointment 膏药plaster 止痛药pain-killer 滴剂drop [自汗：spontaneous perspiration 盗汗：night sweating]

第一章解表药：Drugs for relieving exterior syndromes

此类药多味辛（pungent in flavour）质轻(light in quality)入肺经和体表（acting on lung channels and the superficies of the body）味辛能够驱散(dispersion)质轻能够生发(lifting and floating) This type of drugs can expel(驱走) pathogenic factors from the superficies or relieve(消除)exterior syndromes by diaphoresis(发汗)

第一节辛温解表药：Drugs pungent in flavour and warm in nature for relieving exterior

syndromes

主要功效（main effects）：Dispersing pathogenic wind-cold(发散风热)

主要症状（symptoms）：aversion to cold(恶寒) anhidrosis(无汗) fever, headache, tasteless tongue with white fur(苔白无味觉)

第一味麻黄

药性(Properties)：pungent and slightly bitter in flavour(味辛微苦)warm in nature(性温)acting on the lung and urinary bladder channels(入肺、膀胱经)

功效(Effects)：inducing sweating to dispel exopathogens(发汗解表) facilitating the circulation of lung-Qi to relieve asthma(宣肺平喘)inducing diuresis to remove edema(利水消肿)

第二味桂枝

功效：inducing sweating to dispel exopathogens(发汗解表)warming the channels to clear obstruction(温经通脉)reinforcing Yang to promote Qi flow(助阳化气)

第三味白芷：（治头痛之要药）

功效：expelling wind and dispel exopathogens(祛风解表)clearing passage(通鼻窍)relieving pain(止痛)removing dampness and arresting leukorrhea(燥湿止带)eliminating swelling and draining pus(消肿排脓)

第四味生姜：

功效：inducing sweating to dispel exopathogens(发汗解表)warming the middle Jiao to arrest vomiting(温中止呕)warming the lung to relieve cough(温肺止咳)

荆芥：inducing sweating to dispel exopathogens(发汗解表)dispersing pathogenic wind and arresting bleeding(祛风止血)

防风：dispersing pathogenic wind and dispel exopathogens(祛风解表) relieving pain and spasm(止痛止痉)

第二节辛凉解表药：Drugs pungent in flavour and cool in nature for relieving exterior syndromes 多用于治疗wind-heat type of exterior syndromes(风热表证)

[麻疹（germen measles）风疹（measles）]

第一味薄荷：

药性：pungent in flavour(味辛)cool in nature(性凉)acts on the lung and liver channels(入肺肝经) 功效：dispersing wind-heat(疏散风热)easing sore throat and promoting eruption(利咽透疹) Soothing the liver and alleviating mental depression(疏肝解郁)

第二味柴胡：（治寒热往来之要药）

功效：dispel exopathogens to clear heat(解表退热) Soothing the liver and alleviating mental depression(疏肝解郁)elevating Yang and Qi(开举阳气)

第三味菊花：

功效：dispersing wind-heat(疏散风热)purging heat from the liver and imprving eyesight(清肝明目)clearing heat and removing toxins(清热解毒)

第二章清热药：Heat-Clearing Drugs

主要功效：The maior functions of these drugs include clearing heat and purging fire(intense heat).（清热去火）to cool the blood Detoxicating. .(凉血解读) Resolving swelling and heat syndromes （消肿去热）due to deficiency（虚）.

主治内热(interior heat-syndromes):excessive heat in the Qi and the blood,interior heat of Zang and Fu,fever due to Yin deficiency,dysentery(痢疾)and carbuncle(疮痈).

第一节清热泻火药Heat-Clearing and Fire-purging Drugs

功效：clear away the excessive(过度的) heat in the Qi and purge the lung-and stomach-fire

第一味石膏（性寒质重非实热者不宜）

药性：pungent and sweet inflavour,cold in nature,acts on the lung and stomach channels

It is one of the important drugs for treating the syndromes of excessive heat in the Qi sysstem,cogh and asthma(喘) caused by intense heat and excess of stomach fire.

功效：Clearing away heat and fire(清热解火)relieving restlessness and thirst(除烦止渴)promoting the regeneration of the tissue and wound healing(促进组织再生伤口愈合)

第二味知母

功效：Clearing away heat and fire,nourishing the Yin and moisturizing(湿润) dryness(滋阴润燥) 第三味芦根

功效：cleearing heat,promoting the production of body fluid(清热生津)relieving restlessness and arresting vomiting(除烦止呕)

第四味天花粉

功效：clearing heat,promoting the production of body fluid(清热生津)subduing swellings and draining pus(消肿排脓)

第五味栀子

功效：purging fire and relieving dysphoria(泻火除烦)cooling blood and detoxication(凉血解毒)clearing heat and promoting diuresis(清热利湿)

第六味夏枯草

功效：clearing up liver-heat and purging fire(清肝泻火)subduing swelling and resolving hard lumps(消肿散结)

第七味决明子

功效:removing intensive heat from the liver and improving vision(清肝明目)moisturizing intestine and eazing the bowels(润肠通便)

第二节清热燥湿药Heat-Clearing and Dampness-Drying Drugs

功效：to clear heat and remove dampness and most of them act as fire-purging and detoxicating drugs.（清热解毒药）

第一味黄芩（安胎圣药）

功效：clearing heat and fire(清热去火)eliminating dampness and detoxicating(燥湿解毒)stopping bleeding and preventing miscarriage(流产)（止血安胎）

第二味黄连

功效：Clearing away heat,dampness and fire and detoxicating toxins(清热燥湿去火解毒)

第三味黄柏（同黄连）

第四味龙胆草

功效：clearing heat and dampness(清热燥湿)purging fire in the liver and gallbladder(泻肝胆火) 第五味苦参

功效：clearing heat and dampness(清热燥湿)destroying intestinal parasites(寄生虫) and relieving itching(杀虫止痒)inducing diuresis(利尿)

清热凉血药Heat-Clearing and Blood-Cooling Drugs

药性：cold in property and acts on the blood systems

主治：high fever, restlessness(烦躁不安) dry and deep red tongue, flooding of blood heat and wind syndrome cause by extreme heat

第一味犀牛角

功效：clearing heat and cool the blood(清热凉血)detoxicating and arresting convulsion(解毒镇惊)

第二味水牛角（犀牛角替代品功效逊于犀牛角）

第三味生地黄

功效：clearing away heat and cooling the blood(清热凉血)nourishing Yin and promoting production of body fluid.(养阴生津)

第四味玄参

功效：clearing away heat and cooling the blood(清热凉血)detoxicating and dissolving lumps(解毒散结) nourishing Yin and purging the fire(滋阴去火)

第五味牡丹皮(痛经闭经)

特点：Cooling blood and stop bleeding with out stasis(止血不留瘀)

功效：cooling the blood(凉血)promoting blood circulation and relieving blood stasis(活血化瘀) 第四节清热解毒药Heat-Clearing and Detoxicating Drugs

药效：clearing away heat,detoxicating,subduing swellings and dissolving lumps(清热解毒消肿散结)

第一味金银花（表里双解外感风寒温病初期）

功效：clearing away heat,detoxicating,expelling wind-heat(除风热)

[银翘散（金银花连翘薄荷）]

第二味连翘（与金银花相须为用创家圣药the holy medicine for doctors to cure sores）

功效：clearing away heat,detoxicating,subduing swellings and dissolving lumps(清热解毒消肿散结)dispelling win-heat

第三味蒲公英

功效：clearing away heat,detoxicating(清热解毒)subduing swellings(散结) removing dampness by diuresis for treating stranguria(尿淋沥) （祛湿利水）

第四味紫花地丁（叮毒furunculosis 毒蛇咬伤snake-bite）

功效：clearing away heat,detoxicating,(清热解毒)treating boils(烫伤) and dissolving lumps(散结) 第五味大青叶

功效：clearing away heat,detoxicating (清热解毒) removing blood heat and ecchymoses(凉血祛斑)

第六味鱼腥草（治肺痛之要药）

An important medicine for treating pulmonary(肺部的) abscess(脓肿)

第七味败酱草（肠痈要药）

It is good at treating the accumulation (积累)of noxious heat(毒热)in the large intestine

第八味马齿苋（清肠止痢curing dysentery）

清虚热药Drugs for Clearing Heat of Deficiency Type

第一味青蒿

功效：clearing away heat of deficiency type(清虚热)relieving summer heat and preventing attack of malaria（祛暑防疟）

第二味地骨皮（枸杞根皮）

功效：bringing down heat of Yin-deficiency（降阴虚热）removing lung-fire(去肝火)

第三章泻下药Purgative Drugs(入大肠经)

药效：loosening the bowels and eliminating stagnation(润肠排积),clearing heat and purging fire,dispelling fluid retention and reducing edema.（利水消肿）

第一节攻下药Purgtives

第一味大黄

药性：bitter in flavour,cold in nature,acts on the spleen,stomach,large intestine,heart and liver

channels. 药效：It is an important herb for constipation(便秘)due to accumulation(积累) of heat of excess type,and gastro-intestinal fecal impaction(胃肠食积) due to heat.

功效：purging heat and looseing the boeels(泻热通便)removing heat from the blood and clearing toxins(凉血解毒)promoting blood circulation to relieve blood stasis(破血逐瘀)

第二节润下药Laxatives

第一味麻子仁（moistening the bowels to relieve constipation 润肠通便）

峻下逐水药Drastic Hydrogagues

第一味甘遂（有毒不溶于水）

功效：removing water retention(写下逐水)subduing swelling and masses(消肿散结)

第二味牵牛子

功效：removing water retention(写下逐水)subduing swelling and masses(消肿散结)and being parasiticidal(杀虫)

温里药Drugs for Warming the Inteior

药性：mainly pungent in flavour,and warm and hot in nature.

药效：warm viscera(温脏腑)disperse cold and alleviate pain（散寒止痛）Some of these drugs can recuperate depleted Yang to rescue patients from collapse.(回阳救逆)

第一味附子（阳痿Impoten遗精Spermatorrhea大出血hemora）

功效：supplementing fire and Yang(补火助阳) disperse cold and alleviate pain（散寒止痛）recuperate depleted Yang to rescue patients from collapse.(回阳救逆)

第二味肉桂

功效：supplementing fire and Yang(补火助阳) disperse cold and alleviate pain（散寒止痛）Conducting the fire back to its origin(引火归原)

第三味干姜

功效：warming the middle-jiao and disperse cold(温中散寒) recuperate depleted Yang to rescue patients from collapse.(回阳救逆)warming the lung and removing fluid retention(温肺化饮)

第四味丁香（止呕）

功效：warming the middle-jiao,lowering the adverse rising(降逆止呕)warming the kidney and supporting Yang(温肾助阳)

理气药Drugs for Regulating Qi

药效：promoting Qi circulaion and treating stagnation of Qi

第一味陈皮（桔皮中焦寒性气滞）

功效：promoting Qi circulaion and strengthening the spleen (行气健脾)eliminating dampness and relieving phlegm(燥湿化痰)

第二味青皮（未成熟桔子的果实或皮比陈皮药效强）

功效：relieving stagnation of Qi and soothing the liver(疏肝破气)promoting digestion and resolving food retention(消积化滞)

第三味枳实（橙子幼果）

功效：relieving Qi stagnation and food retention(破气导滞)resolving phlegm and masses(化痰消痞)

第四味沉香

功效：promoting Qi circulaion and alleviating pain(行气止痛)lowering adverse flow of Qi and arresting vomiting(降逆止呕)helping inspiration and relieving asthma(纳气平喘)

第六章活血化瘀药Drugs for Promoting Blood Circulation and Relieving Blood Stasis

药效：promoting blood flow to regulate menstruation(活血调经)stasis breaking and lumps

resolving(破血散结)removing blood stasis and relieving pain(化瘀止痛)subduing swelling and promoting tissue regeneration(消肿促进组织再生)

第一味川芎（头痛要药血中之气药）

功效：Promoting Blood Circulation and flow of Qi(活血行气)dispelling wind and relieving pain(祛风止痛)

第二味丹参（心绞痛）

功效：Promoting Blood Circulation and Relieving Blood Stasis(活血化瘀)clearing heat from the blood and resolving swelling(凉血消痈)tranquilizing the mind(安神定志)

第三味益母草（月经）

功效：Promoting Blood Circulation to regulate menstruation(活血调经)subsiding edema by inducing diuresis(利水消肿)

第四味桃仁

功效：Promoting Blood Circulation by removing blood stasis，lubricating the bowels to relieve constipation(润肠通便)

第五味红花

功效：Promoting Blood Circulation by removing blood stasis，regulating menstruation and relieving pain(调经止痛)

第六味牛膝（妇科调经）

功效：Promoting Blood Circulation and restoring menstruation(活血通经)conducting downward flow of heat(引火下行)inducing diuresis to treat strangury(利水通淋)tonifying the liver and kidney(补肝肾)

第七味穿山甲（催乳）

功效：invigorating channels and collaterals to promote lactation(通经下乳) subduing swelling and draining pus(消肿排脓)

第八味五灵脂（鼯鼠的粪便包煎妇科止痛）

功效：Promoting Blood Circulation to relieve pain(活血止痛)stoping bleeding by removing the blood stasis(止血化瘀)

第七章化痰止咳平喘药Drugs Resolving Phlegm and Relieving Cough and Asthma

第一节温化寒痰药drugs relieving cold-phlegm by warming

第一味半夏（止胃气上逆）

功效：clearing dampness to reduce phlegm(燥湿化痰)lowering the adverse Qi to stop vomiting(降逆止呕)

第二味天南星（治疗风痰顽症之要药有毒药效大于半夏）

功效：clearing dampness to reduce phlegm(燥湿化痰)dispelling wind and relieve spasm(祛风解痉)

第三味禹白附（中风面瘫头面部的痰阻经络）

药效：removing wind-phlegm in head and face and pathogens of cold and dampness

第四味桔梗（开肺气通二便）

药效：引药上行(introduce drugs in to lungs)常作为引经药（channel-guiding drug）

第五味旋覆花（质地轻但作用下包煎）

功效：lowering the adversely upward flowing of Qi and relieving vomiting(降逆止呕) Resolving phlegm(化痰)

清化热痰药Drugs for Clearing Heat-phlegm

第一味瓜蒌

功效：clearing away heat and resolving phlegm(清热化痰)soothing the chest oppression to promote Qi circulation(宽胸利气)moistening and relaxing the bowels(润肠通便)

第二味贝母（川贝浙贝）

功效：resolving phlegm and relieving cough(化痰止咳)clearing heat and congestion(清热散结) 第三味前胡（表里同治外感风热内又热痰）

功效：sending down abnormally ascending Qi to resolve phlegm(降气化痰)expelling wind-heat(疏散风热)

第四味竹茹（竹子中间层）

功效：removing heat-phlegm(清热化痰)relieving restlessness and vomiting(除烦止呕)

第五味竹沥（竹子的烤汁澄清的淡黄色）

功效：removing heat-phlegm(清化热痰)arresting convulsion(定惊)

第六味海藻（甲亢）

功效：removing heat-phlegm(清化热痰)relieving hard lumps(软坚散结)and diuretic(利水消肿) 第六味昆布（海带与海藻相须为用）

功效：relieving hard lumps(软坚散结)and diuretic(利水消肿)

止咳平喘药Drugs for relieving cough and asthma

第一味苦杏仁（苦降肺气甜杏仁无药效富含油脂所以润肠通便）

功效：relieving cough and asthma（止咳平喘）lubricating the bowels to relieve constipation(润肠通便)

第二味百部（单入肺经蛲虫病[小儿肛周] 阴道滴虫[煎汤熏洗]）

功效：moistening the lung and relieving cough(润肺止咳)killing worms and insects,including louse(杀虫灭虱)

第三味紫菀（咳且有痰者）

功效：nourishing the lung to send the adverse Qi downward(润肺下气)relieving cough and asthma(止咳平喘)

第四味款冬花（冬季采摘与紫菀相须为用）（功效同紫菀）

第五味紫苏子（富含油脂）

功效：send the adverse Qi downward(润肺下气)clearing phlegm,relieving cough and asthma(化痰止咳平喘)relaxing the bowels to relieve constipation(润肠通便)

第六味桑白皮（药效平缓儿科常用利水作用强皮类药有利水消肿之功效）

功效：purging lung-heat to relieve asthma(泻肺平喘)diuresis to eliminate edema(利水消肿)

第八章平肝息风药Drugs for Calming the Liver and Checking wind

药效：clearing away the heat from liver and checking exuberance of Yang(平肝潜阳)calming the endogenous(内生的) wind and relieving convulsion(息风止痉)

第一味石决明（明目）

功效：clearing the liver-yang and checking exuberance of Yang(平肝潜阳) clearing away the heat from liver to improve vision(清肝明目)

第二味珍珠母（入心经）

功效：clearing the liver-yang and checking exuberance of Yang(平肝潜阳)clearing liver-heat to improve vision(清肝明目)relieving palpitation and tranquilizing(镇惊安神)

第三味代赭石（赤铁矿三氧化二铁）

功效：clearing the liver-yang and checking exuberance of Yang(平肝潜阳生用)checking and descending the upward rebellious Qi(重镇降逆生用)removing heat from blood and stop bleeding(凉血止血煅用)

第四味羚羊角（多用于儿科退高热抗惊厥仅次于蜈蚣全蝎）

功效：calming the liver to check endogenous(内生的) wind(平肝息风) clearing away the heat from liver to improve vision(清肝明目)and clearing away heat and toxins from the blood(凉血解毒)

第五味牛黄（牛胆结石安宫牛黄丸）

功效：cheching endogenous(内生的) wind to relieve convulsion(息风止痉)resolving phlegm to clear orifice and induce resuscitation(化痰开窍)clearing away heat and toxins(清热解毒)

第六味天麻（治眩晕之要药高血压入肝经）

功效：calming the liver to check endogenous(内生的) wind(平肝息风)clearing obstruction in the channels to expel evil-wind(祛风通络)

第七味地龙（蚯蚓中风失语利尿入膀胱经）

功效：clearing away heat to arrest convulsion(清热止痉)relieving asthma and the obstruction in the channels(平喘通络)

第八味僵蚕（蚕感染白僵菌后入药面瘫）

功效：expelling the wind and relaxing spasm(息风止痉)dispersing the wind-heat(疏散风热) Resolving phlegm and congestion(化痰散结)

第九章补虚药Tonics for Deficiency Syndromes

药效：with their effects of tonifying(补养) Qi,bllod,Yin,Yang,tonics are indicated for all types of deficiency syndromes caused by deficienncy of Qi,blood,Yin and Yang.

第一节补气药Drugs for Invigorating Qi

第一味人参（加附子回阳救逆）

功效：invigorating Qi and treat collapes(益气固脱)reinforcing the spleen,nourishing the lung(补脾益肺)promoting the production of the body fluid,quenchingthirst(生津止渴)tranquilizing the mind and improving intelligence(安神益智)

第二味党参

功效：reinforcing the spleen,tonifying the lung(补脾肺气)nourishing blood and promoting the production of the body fluid(养血生津)

第三味西洋参（花旗参凉性）

功效：invigorating Qi,nourishing Yin(补气养阴)clearing heat and promoting the generation of the body fluid(清热生津)

第四味黄芪（疮家圣药）

It is an important herb used to treat deficiency of the lung,lingering cough(久咳),deficiency of the spleen and stomach,and sinking of Qi in the middle-jiao.

功效：invigorating Qi to elevate Yang(补气升阳)consolidating superficies to stop sweating(固表止汗)inducing diuresis to remove edema(利水退肿)and promoting healing of sore to regenerate tissue(脱疮生肌)

第五味白术（燥湿）

功效：invigorating Qi and consolidating superficies(益气固表)removing dampness and inducing diuresis(燥湿利水)preventing miscarrage(安胎)

第六味山药

功效：invigorating Qi,nourishing Yin(补气养阴)controlling spermatorrhea and reducing urination(涩精缩尿)

第七味甘草（调和药性生用解毒甘草绿豆汤）

功效：tonyfing the heart and spleen(补益心脾)moistening the lung to arrest cough(润肺止

咳)purging fire to remove toxins(清热解毒)relieving spasm to alleviate pain(缓急止痛)and moderating other herbs(调和诸药)

第二节补血药Blood Tonics

第一味熟地黄（补血第一要药与当归相须）

功效：replenishing blood and tonifying Yin（补血滋阴）

第二味何首乌

功效：replenishing the liver and kidney(补肝肾)enriching vital essence and blood(补益精血)lubricating the bowels and clearing away toxins(润肠解毒)

第三味当归（月经病补而不滞）

功效：tonifying blood,promoting blood circulation(补血活血)regulating menstruation and alleviating pain(调经止痛) lubricating the bowels to relieve constipation(润肠通便)

第四味白芍（肝阳上亢）

功效：tonifying blood and regulating menstruation(补血调经)suppressing[抑制] hyperactivity[亢进] of liver-yang(平肝潜阳)astringing Yin to arrest sweating(敛阴止汗)

第五味阿胶（脾胃虚者慎用）

功效：replenishing blood and stoping bleeding(补血止血)nourishing Yin and moistening the lung(滋阴润肺)

第三节滋阴药Yin Tonics

第一味沙参（肺胃阴虚）

功效：nourishing Yin to clear heat from the lung(养阴清肺)tonifying the stomach to promote the production of the body fluid(养胃生津)

第二味麦冬（可代茶饮）

功效：nourishing Yin and moistening the lung(滋阴润肺) tonifying the stomach to promote the production of the body fluid(养胃生津)dispelling heat from the heart and relieving vexation(清心排忧)

第三味枸杞子（地道药材宁夏枸杞）

功效：reinforcing the kidney to benefit essence(补肾益精)tonifying the liver to improve vision(养肝明目)

第四味墨旱莲

功效：tonifying the liver and kidney(滋补肝肾)and clearing heat from blood to stop bleeding(凉血止血)

补阳药Yang Tonics

阳痿impotence 射精ejaculation 早泄premature ejaculatio 月经不调irregular menstruation 眩晕dizziness 耳鸣tinnitus 失眠insomnis 痴呆amnesia 四肢无力weak extremities

第一味鹿茸（雄鹿带茸毛的幼角春初夏采）

功效：reinforcing kidney-yang(补肾阳)supplementing essence and blood(益精血)strengthening muscles and bones(强筋骨)

第二味淫羊藿（先灵脾）

功效：tonifying the kidney amd invigorating Yang(补肾助阳) strengthening muscles and bones(强筋骨)dispelling wind and dampness(祛风除湿)

第三味胡桃仁

功效：tonifying the kidney and nourishing the lung(补肾益肺)helping inspiration to relieve asthma(纳气平喘)moistening the intestine and relaxing bowels(润肠通便)

第四味冬虫夏草（虫感染菌类死亡后的虫草共生体）

功效：supplementing the lung and kidney(补肾益肺)stoping cough and relieving asthma(止咳平喘)