MVS-CAN通信协议-翻译版

CAN-Specification for MVS MS6.2 V33

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1.General Requirements (3)

1.1.Standards and Additional Specifications (3)

2.Construction of the CAN Bus (3)

3.Messages (3)

3.1.Baud Rate (3)

3.2. Configuration Parameter for CAN Identifier and Transmission Rates (3)

3.3Configuration Parameter to Enable Messages (4)

3.4 Monitoring of Receive Messages (4)

3.5Not Available or not Valid Data Bytes (4)

3.6List of Messages (4)

4.CAN Send Messages (5)

5.CAN Receive Messages (10)

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1. General Requirements

The CAN Bus (Controller Area Network) is a communication port to exchange data between diagnostic systems and other controllers.

MVS receives data for engine operation and sends diagnostic information, measured data and calculated data via the CAN Bus.

1.1. Standards and Additional Specifications

The CAN-Interface is based on following standards :

SAE-J1939/21 1994-07.

SAE-J1939/71 1996-05

DIN ISO 11898 August 1995

Additional Specifications:

List of MVS Error codes, Blink Codes

2. Construction of the CAN Bus

The can bus lines must be twisted pair.

The maximum length of the complete Bus should not exceed 40m.

The distance between two CAN Bus controllers must be min. 0,1m.

The CAN BUS wires should go directly from one controller to the next controller,

because separate lines from a controller to the can bus must be max. 0.3m (for max baud rates up to

1Mbaud).

The CAN Bus must be terminated with a resistor 121 1% min 0.5W at both ends of the CAN Bus. MVS has got an internal termination resistor. So it must be place at the end of the CAN Bus.

For special applications MVS controller without termination resistors are available.

3. Messages

3.1. Baud Rate

Baud rate: 250 K Bit/s

3.2. Configuration Parameter for CAN Identifier and Transmission Rates

The messages are corresponding to the standards see above.

Additional MVS specific proprietary messages are defined.

The transmit rates, the receive rates and the identifiers are specified in this document, but for special applications modifications may be necessary.

The following parameter are configuration parameters for the CAN messages:

1. Scan rates of the receive messages

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2. the identifiers are set to the values which are listed in the chapters of transmit and receive messages.

For special application like to MVS controllers on one CAN BUS the complete identifiers can be modified by configuration parameters.

3. The identifiers consist on:

? The Priority of the message

? The 2 Byte PDU which tells the receiver what message it is

? The source address of the message. That is the node address of the sender.

It is the last byte of the identifier and normally set to zero for engine controllers.

3.3 Configuration Parameter to Enable Messages

It depends on the application which MVS CAN Bus messages are enabled.

MVS sends the CAN messages all the time.

The receive messages have access to the MVS engine control functions. Therefore for each receive message there is a configuration parameter to enable the receiving and the access to the MVS functionality. Enabled receive messages are monitored continuously.

3.4 Monitoring of Receive Messages

Each enabled receive message will be monitored. Three seconds (configuration parameter) after start of the engine the time out monitoring will be started. If the receive message is missing longer than 5s (configuration parameter) then the message is in time out and a fault message will be generated.

3.5 Not Available or not Valid Data Bytes

If data of a messages are foreseen but not available or not used, then these data have to be marked as …not defined“ by setting value to FF in byte data and FFxx for 2byte data, as defined in the standard. Not valid data, i.e. recognized as defective by an diagnostic function, have to be set to the value FE or FExx.

3.6 List of Messages

The first column of the following lists contains the Message name, the repetition rate and the identifier. The second column explains the data bytes.

Example:

Name: Electronic Engine Controller Message 1

EEC1

Repetition rate: 10 ms

Identifier: 0C F0 04 00

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4. CAN Send Messages

MVS MS6.2 P060.V33

Message Data Bytes

Electronic Engine Controller Message 1 EEC1 10 ms 0C F0 04 00 Byte 1: Status Bits 1 to 4 engine torque mode 0 = Idle governor active (default) 1 = Accelerator pedal active 2 = Cruise control active 3 = PTO governor active 4 = Road speed limitation active 5 = Brake control active 6 = Transmission control 7 = Torque limitation is active 8 = High speed governor is active Bits 5 to 8 are not defined Byte 2: Requested engine torque in % related to Mdmax 1% / bit, Offset 125, range 0 to 100% Example 135 = 10% Byte 3: Engine torque related to Mdmax 1% / bit, Offset 125, range 0 to 100% Byte 4,5: Engine speed 0,125 rpm/ bit, range 0 to 8031 rpm Bytes 6, 7, 8 not defined Electronic Engine Controller Message 2 EEC2 50 ms 0C F0 03 00 Byte 1: Status Bit 1, 2 Idle throttle switch 00 = not idle and plausible 01 = idle and plausible 10 = not plausible ( error value) 11 = switch not available Bits 3, 4 status accelerator pedal Kick down switch 00 = not active, 01 = active, 10 = Error Bits 5,6,7,8 not defined Byte 2: Accelerator pedal 0,4 % / bit, range 0 to 100% Byte 3: Percent load at current speed Engine torque related to max engine torque at engine speed 1% / bit, range 0 to 125% Bytes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Not available

Electronic Engine Controller Message 3 EEC3

250 ms

18 FE DF 00 Byte 1: Engine friction torque

nominal friction torque related to max. friction torque ( Mdmax) 1% / bit, Offset 125, range 0 to 100%

Example 135 = 10%

Bytes 2, 3, 5,6,7,8: = not available / not defined

Cruise Control / Vehicle Speed 100 ms

18 FE F1 00 Byte 1: Status

Bits 3, 4 parking brake switch

00 = not active, 01 = active

Bits 1,2,5,6,7,8 not available

Byte 2,3: Vehicle speed

1/256 km/h /bit, Range 0 to 251 km/h

Byte 4: Bits 1, 2 Cruise Control Switch 1

00 = not active, 01 = active

Bits 5, 6 Brake Switch, Bits 7, 8 Clutch Switch

00 = not active, 01 = active, 10 = error, 11 = not available Bits 3, 4 are not supported

Byte 5: Cruise Control Switch 2, Set speed switch:

Bits 1, 2 set, Bits 3, 4 decelerate,

Bits 5, 6 resume, Bits 7, 8 accelerate

00 = not active, 01 = active, 10 = error, don’t care

Byte 6: Cruise Control Set Speed

1/256 km/h /bit, range 0 to 251 km/h

Byte 7, 8: State Cruise Control

Bits 6, 7,8:

0 = Off/Disabled

1 = Hold

2 = Accelerate

3 = Decelerate/Coast

4 = Resume

5 = Set

6 = Accelerator Override

7 = not available

Retarder message ERC1 100ms

18 F0 00 29 Byte 1: Status ERC1:

Bits 1 to 4: Retarder Torque Mode, decimal values:

0 = no request

1 = exhaust brake switch operated, i.e. driver operated

2 = exhaust brake requested by vehicle management, i.e.

cruise control

3 = Request for exhaust brake by transmission control

6 = Locking out of exhaust brake by transmission control

7 = Locking out of exhaust brake by ABS,ASR,MSR

Bits 5,6,7,8, Not supported

Byte 2: Percent exhaust brake torque, actual retarder percent torque 1%/ bit, Offset 125, operating range –125% to 0%

0 % = exhaust brake inactive ( Byte 2 = 125 –0 = 125)

100% = exhaust brake active ( Byte 2 = 125 –100 = 25) Bytes 3 to 8 not defined

Engine configuration

(Broadcast Announce Message BAM) 1000 ms

18 EC FF 00 This message contains more than 8 data bytes as must be transmitted using multi packet transport protocol, consisting of one header message (BAM) to define what message to transfer and the following packet messages.

Byte 1: Control Byte = 32d

Bytes 2, 3 Total Message Size = 28 (data length)

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Byte 4: Total number of packets = 4

Byte 5: = FFh

Bytes 6-8 Parameter Group Number of engine configuration = 00 FE E3 (PGN of engine configuration)

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Engine Configuration ( Data Transfer Packages) 1000 ms

packet interval 100ms

18 EB FF 00 Points of limiting torque map:

Point 1: Torque / speed point at idle

Point 2: Torque / speed at highest possible engine speed

Points 3-5: Torque / speed points between points 1 and 2 to permit

linear interpolation over the entire torque range.

Point 6: High idle speed (torque = 0)

Point 7: Maximum momentary engine override speed (torque = 0)

Package 1:

Byte 1: Package identification = 1 (first package)

Byte 2,3: Engine speed at idle, point 1

Byte 4: Percent torque at idle, point 1

Byte 5, 6: Highest possible engine speed, pt 2

Byte 7: Percent torque at highest speed, pt 2

Byte 8:Low byte of engine speed at point 3

Package 2:

Byte 1: Package identification = 2 (second package)

Byte 2: High byte of engine speed at pt 3 1

Byte 3: Percent torque at point 3 2

Byte 4, 5: Engine speed at point 4

Byte 6: Percent torque at point 4

Byte 7, 8: Engine speed at point 5

Package 3:

Byte 1: Package identification = 3 (third package)

Byte 2: Percent torque at point 5

Byte 3, 4: Engine speed at high idle, point 6

Byte 5, 6: Gain of end speed governor

Byte 7, 8: Reference engine torque

Package 4:

Byte 1: Package identification: 4 (fourth package)

Byte 2, 3: Maximum momentary engine override speed, point 7 Byte 4: Maximum momentary engine override time, 0.1s/bit,0 to 25s Byte 5-8: Not supported by EDC

Speed values: 0.125 rpm / bit, Range: 0 to 8031 rpm

Percent torque values: 1%/ bit, Offset: -125%, Range: 0 to 125%

Reference is reference torque of package 3, i.e. 135 = 10%

Gain KP: it is not the droop, it is torque/ speed

0.0007813 % of engine reference torque/rpm / bit,

Range: 0 to 50,2 %/rpm

Torque values: 1 Nm / bit, Range: 0 to 64 255 Nm

Engine temperature 1000ms

18 FE EE 00 Byte 1: Coolant Water Temperature

1K/bit, Offset –40 0C, range -40 to 210 0C i.e. 50d = 10 Degrees Celsius

Bytes 2 to 8 not available

Page 8 of 12

Inlet Conditions 1000ms

18 FE F6 00 Byte 2: Boost Pressure

2 kPa/bit, range 0 to 500 kPA

Byte 3: Charge Air Temperature, intake manifold temperature 1K/bit, Offset –40 0C, Range -40 to 210 0C

Bytes 1, 4 to 8 not available

Analog Message (AM-MSG)

MVS specific message, not standard 500ms

0C FE DA 00 Byte 1,2: Injection fuel

0,1 mg/stroke/bit, range 0 to 409 mg/stroke/bit Byte 3, 4: fuel temperature

1K/bit, Offset –40 0C, range -40 to 210 0C Bytes 5, 6 Oil pressure

4 kPa/bit, range 0 to 1000 kPa/bit

Bytes 7, 8 Oil temperature (if available)

0,03125 0C, offset -273 0C, i.e. 11936d = 100 0C

Digital Message (DM-MSG)

MVS specific message, not standard 500ms

0CFEDB00 Byte 1: Switch Input

Bits:

0 = Brake switch

1 = reserved

2 = clutch switch

3 = Hand brake switch

4 = Motor Brake switch

5 = Low idle switch

Bits 6 and 7 reserved (set to zero) Byte 2: Switch Output

Bits:

0 = Motor brake switch

1 = Cold start relay

Bits 2 to 7 reserved (set to zero) Byte 3: Switch Position (multi function switch

1 = Position 1

2 = Position 2 .....and so on

Bytes 4 to 7 not defined (FFh)

Engine Hours 500 ms

0C FE E5 00 These engine hours are accumulated also when engine is stopped and the MVS is switched on. It counts the switched on time of the controller. Byte 1 Engine hours Low Byte Low Word

Byte 2 Engine Hours High Byte Low Word

Byte 3 Engine Hours Low Byte High Word

Byte 4 Engine Hours High Byte High Word

Bytes 5 to 8 not defined (FFh)

Resolution 0,05 h / bit

Failure Report (FRM-MSG)

MVS specific message, not standard 1000 ms

0C FE D4 00 Byte 1: Failure Code

Byte 2: Type of failure

Byte 3: Environment condition 1

Byte 4: Environment condition 2

Byte 5: Frequency counter

Bytes 6 to 8 not defined (FFh)

When there is more than one error present, they are to be transmitted one after another in a cyclic order. One failure message, per second has to be sent . If there are no failures present , then a NULL Block has to be transmitted.

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There error codes a listed in a separate document.

5. CAN Receive Messages

MVS MS6.2 P060.V33

Message Data bytes Engine torque request from transmission TSC1_TE 10 ms 0C 00 00 03 To control engine torque during gear shift Highest priority of all TSC1 messages Byte 1: Control Bits 00 = no access (default status in MVS) 10 = torque control active, torque value in byte 4 11 = torque limit control active, limit value in byte 4 Byte 4: Requested torque or torque limit 1% / bit, Offset 125, range 0 to 100% Example 135 = 10% Bytes 2, 3, 5,6,7,8: = FFh

Engine torque request from ABS/ASR TSC1_AE 10 ms 0C 00 00 0B To control engine torque during driving wheels slipping conditions: Byte 1: Control Bits 00 = no access (default status in MVS) 10 = torque control active, torque value in byte 4 11 = torque limit control active, limit value in byte 4 Byte 4: Requested torque or torque limit 1% / bit, Offset 125, range 0 to 100% Example 135 = 10% Bytes 2, 3, 5,6,7,8: = FFh

Torque request from vehicle controller TSC1_FM 10 ms 0C 00 00 11 Message from the vehicle ECU to control engine torque: Byte 1: Control Bits 00 = no access (default status in MVS) 10 = torque control active, torque value in byte 4 11 = torque limit control active, limit value in byte 4 Byte 4: Requested torque or torque limit 1% / bit, Offset 125, range 0 to 100% Example 135 = 10% Bytes 2, 3, 5,6,7,8: = FFh

Pseudo Pedal Position MVS specific message, not standard DEC_V1 50 ms 0C FF 01 17

Byte 1: Control Bits 1 = pedal position request active 0 = no pedal position request, low idle Byte 2: Pseudo Pedal Position 0,4% / Bit Byte 3 to Byte 5: FF

Retarder torque request from transmission

TSC1_TER

50 ms

0C 00 29 03 Message from transmission to control retarder torque during gear shift: Byte 1: Control Bits

00 = no access (default status in MVS)

10 = torque control active, torque value in byte 4

11 = torque limit control active, limit value in byte 4

Byte 4: Requested torque or torque limit

1% / bit, Offset 125, range 0 to 100%

Example 135 = 10%

Bytes 2, 3, 5,6,7,8: = FFh

Retarder torque request from ABS/ASR TSC1_AER

50 ms

0C 00 29 0B Message from ABS/ASR to disable engine retarder during ABS-phase (ABS) or to command engine retarder with the desired torque (brake - engine retarder coupling):

Byte 1: Control Bits

00 = no access (default status in MVS)

10 = torque control active, torque value in byte 4

11 = torque limit control active, limit value in byte 4

Byte 4: requested torque value or limit torque value

1% / bit, Offset 125, range -125% to 0%

Example 110 = -15%

If injection fuel is calculated lower zero then the retarder

will be active

Bytes 2, 3, 5,6,7,8: = FFh

Retarder torque request from vehicle ECU

TSC1_FMER

50 ms

0C 00 29 11 Message from the vehicle ECU to control engine retarder: Byte 1: Control Bits

00 = no access (default status in MVS)

10 = torque control active, torque value in byte 4

11 = torque limit control active, limit value in byte 4 Byte 4: requested torque value or limit torque value

1% / bit, Offset 125, range -125% to 0%

Example 110 = -15%

If injection fuel is calculated lower zero then the retarder will be active

Bytes 2, 3, 5,6,7,8: = FFh

Transmission Control ETC1

10ms

0C F0 02 03 Message from transmission control

Byte 1: Status

Bits 1,2: will be ignored

Bits 3,4: 00 = Torque converter lockup disengaged 01 = Torque converter lockup engaged Bits 5,6: 00 = shift not in progress

01 = shift in progress

Bits 7,8: will be ignored

Bytes 2,3: output shaft speed 0,125 rpm / bit

Byte 5: Command ETC1

Bit 1,2: 0= Kick down status is not requested

1= Kick down status is requested

Bits 3-8: will be ignored

Bytes 4, 6 to 8 will be ignored

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Failure Space Erase (clear error memory) FSPER

MVS specific message, not standard

not cyclic

18 D0 03 2B No data necessary Data Length = 0

The error memory will be cleared after receiving the message identifier. This is not a cyclic message therefore there is no time out monitoring enabled for this message.

Power Reduction

RRO

MVS specific message, not standard 50ms

0C FE DB 2B Byte 1: Power Reduction value 1% / Bit,

Example 4Bh = 75% of the max. power (torque) is available

0 = engine stops

Byte 2: start lock

0 = no start lock

1 = start locked (start prevention)

Immobilizer

TSSL

50ms

18 E5 00 1D

Not used yet

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学记--原文及翻译

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新职业英语2_通用版_U n i t1——U n i t8_ 课后翻译题答案

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新职业英语·职业综合英语课文翻译 第一课谷歌 上过互联网的人都见过谷歌,许多人要在互联网上查找某方面的信息时,他们都会去“谷歌”一下。作为全世界最有名的互联网搜索引擎,谷歌是网络业界功成名就的最好范例之一。 谷歌始于1996年1月斯坦福大学博士生拉里?佩奇的一个研究项目。为了找到一种能帮助网络用户搜索到相关网页的更好方法,佩奇设想可以通过检索网页之间的关系来实现。他认为其他网页链接最多的那些网页一定是最受欢迎的,这项技术结果看起来是成功的。 佩奇和他的合作伙伴谢尔盖?布林于1998年9月7日创建了自己的公司,并在之后的一周注册了https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,这一网址。这个搜索引擎很快声名鹊起,2000年谷歌开始在自己的网站出售广告。在投资者的热情资助下,经过几年的发展,谷歌上市了,谷歌的很多雇员一夜之间成了百万富翁。 谷歌最近收购了互联网最大的视频共享网站https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,,而且每天都在不断增加一些新功能,如工具栏、邮件和广告。当然,成长与成功也带来了竞争。微软最近就试图收购雅虎以便能在互联网搜索引擎领域与谷歌抗衡。 随着公司的壮大与知名度的提高,谷歌在美国公司就业吸引力的排名也上升到第一。他们尝试打破传统的办公室设计,努力把办公室变成员工感觉舒适、并能充分发挥自己才华的地方。 现在,谷歌已拥有YouTube、Blogger和其他一些热门网站,并且成为网络广告收入方面的领头羊。当初两个学生的一个小点子已发展成为一家拥有十亿美元资产的大公司,谷歌也成为全球最著名的商标之一。谷歌的发展史为当今的网络企业家树立了一个完美的典范,也提供了灵感。 第二课秘书 秘书可能会有很多其他不同的头衔,例如行政助理、文员或私人助理。尽管所有这些头衔都以行政工作为主旨,但它们却反映了不同种类的秘书工作。秘书岗位十分古老,例如,古希腊和罗马的商人和政客们就曾雇用私人秘书和文员来管理他们的事务。 秘书的工作就是使办公室顺利运转。秘书的职责范围很广,依据他们所在办公室的不同而各异。就最低要求来说,秘书要处理信函,跟踪日程安排,管理文件系统,操作电话、传真机、复印机等办公设备。许多秘书还要接听电话,并将其转给适当的人员。有些秘书还要负责办公室用品的采购,他们也可能会处理预算、簿记和人事文档。秘书应当具备使用电脑和其他电子设备的经验,因为他们将处理大量的电子资料,包括往来信函。

使用谷歌在线翻译看学术论文

如果想利用谷歌来翻译英文文献,简便方法是直接将英文文献名输入谷歌搜索栏 可以看到第三个结果就是我们要阅读的那篇文章,标题下面有“翻译此页”,点击即可翻译全文,优点是可以像论文页面那样看,缺点是无法与原文对应着看,结果如下:

通常我用更细致的翻译方法,步骤如下: 1.谷歌在线翻译网址:https://https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/ 界面如下: 左边是待翻译文字,右边是翻译结果。 左边方框上面一行最好选择“检测语言”,这样就不用管输入的是什么语言了;右边选中文(简体) 2.取一段待翻译内容从原文复制粘贴到上图左边空白方框中,结果自动出现在右边浅灰色方框 将鼠标光标放在翻译结果的一个词上,那个词会变成黄色,同时它对应的英文也在左边方框变成黄色。这时如果觉得这个词翻译的不正确,就鼠标左键单击它一下,会出现这个词的其他涵义,可以看看其他涵义怎么样,如下图:“本文认为”---》“本文重在探讨”。另:这里谷歌把class都翻译成了类而不是阶级。

还有一个用法即上图黑底白字方框显示的可以拖动翻译结果中的一个词,使文章重新排序。我觉得这个没必要,因为句子顺序不对不影响理解。 3.小工具 上图最下边一行左边有一个小图标,右边有四个小图标,用法如下: 1)左下角那个是全选,可以把翻译结果全选中后复制粘贴到其他地方。 2)右下角第一个小喇叭图标是朗读(这个学术用处不大,但是可供娱乐)如: 选择翻译德语到德语→复制黏贴下列字段到翻译框: pv zk pv pv zk pv zk kz zk pv pv pv zk pv zk zk pzk pzk pvzkpkzvpvzk kkkkkk bsch→点击翻译结果框的“朗读”→可以听到吭哧吭哧的音乐~~ 3)右边第二个图标是显示字词的用法,很好用的~~但是不能在翻译一段话时使用,只能翻译一个词时用,如: 直接从网上找出例句

(完整版)《学记》全文及翻译汇总

《学记》全文及翻译 大约写于公元前的战国末年,是"礼记"一书49篇中的一篇,作者不详,郭沫若认为像是孟子的学生乐正克所作.它是中国教育史上最早,也是最完善的极为重要的文献,值得认真研究.它从教育目的,教育原则,教学原则,教学方法,教师和学生,学校制度,学校管理等各方面都作了系统论述。虽然时隔2000多年,但是对今天的教育仍富有现实意义。 【原文】发虑宪,求善良,足以謏闻,不足以动众。就贤体远,足以动众,不足以化民。君子如欲化民成俗;其必由学乎。 【译文】执政的人对于国家大事如果能够深谋远虑,并且寻找有贤之人帮助自己来治理国事,是可以博得一点小小名气的,但是还不能够打动众人的心。如果礼贤下士,亲近远人。就可以打动群众的心了,但是还不可能教化人民。执政的人如果想要教化人民,培养良好的风俗,看来只有通过学校教育才行。 【原文】玉不琢,不成器;人不学,不知道。是故,古之王者,建国君民,教学为先。兑命曰:“念终始典于学”,其此之谓乎! 【译文】玉石不经过雕琢,是不能成为玉器的;同样,人们不通过学习,就不能够懂得道理。所以,古时候的帝王,建立国家,统治人民,无不先从教育入手。《尚书·兑命篇》说:“念念别忘教育”,就是这个意思吧! 【原文】虽有嘉肴,弗食不知其旨也;虽有至道,弗学不知其善也。是故,学然后知不足,教然后知困。 【译文】即使有了美味的菜肴,不吃是不能知道它的美味的;即使有了最好的道理,不学习是不能知道它的好处的。所以,只有通过学习才能知道自己的不够,只有担任教学工作才会真正感到困惑。 【原文】知不足,然后能自反也;知困,然后能自强也。故曰:教学相长也。兑命曰:“学学半”,其此之谓乎! 【译文】知道不够,才能回头鞭策自己;感到困惑,才能不断努力钻研。所以说:教与学是相互促进的。《尚书·兑命篇》说:“教与学是一件事情的两方面”。正是这个意思!

新职业英语2课后习题答案

翻译 Unit1 1.公司所有规章制度都应严格遵守。(observe) All the company rules and regulations must be strictly observed. 2. 和这些同学在一起我们应随便一些。(casual) We should be casual when we stay with these students 3. 上述所说的是一些在职场环境中非常有用的交际技能。(setting) The above-mentioned are some communication skills that are very useful in an office setting. 4. 我们有一个专业的团队来营销我们的产品。(professional) We have a professional team to market our products. 5. 你知道今秋流行黑衣服吗?(trendy) Do you know black clothes will be trendy this fall? 6. 与其求人,不如求己。(rely on) We would rather rely on ourselves instead of seeking help from others. 7. 新车必须符合国家标准。(comply with) New vehicles must comply with national standards 8. 我们公司的一些年轻人可能会来寻求你的建议。(seek) Some young people in our company may come to seek your advice. Unit2 1. 我把咖啡洒了一桌。(spill) I spilt coffee all over my desk. 2. 会上要求我们每个人都提出建议。(contribute) We were all asked to contribute ideas at the meeting. 3. 水果在运送时容易腐烂。(perishable) Fruits are perishable during transportation. 4. 负责的军官在战斗中受了重伤。(in charge) The officer in charge was wounded badly in the battle. 5. 显然那间公寓一直没有人住。(apparently)

高职高专新职业英语综合英语2课后答案及课文翻译

高职高专英语立体化系列教材课文翻译及答案 新职业英语职业综合英语2(通用版) 总主编:徐小贞 外语教学与研究出版社 Unit 1 Text A 职场时装潮流 许多人每天都在捕捉职场时装的潮流,以便能与那些衣着时尚得体的人们步调一致。他们认为按最新潮流穿衣打扮能为自己赢得时尚和时髦的好名声。尽管这样做合情合理,你还是要小心谨慎。 许多人并没有意识到,追随职场时装潮流有利也有弊。好处之一,正如上面所提到的,穿一套时髦的衣服去上班,很可能会得到一堆夸奖。这种感觉很不错,也让人引以为豪。 然而事实上这种追随弊大于利。例如,职场时装潮流往往不区分工作和职业。在一家新潮的咖啡馆或零售店工作,着装要求很可能是休闲服。而在一家法律或保险公司上班,着装则需要更职业化。不幸的是,很多职场新潮时装是为工作中的一般大众而设计,而非为特定职业设计。因此一不小心就可能出问题。 在追随这种时装潮流之前,要好好地仔细审视一下所谓的潮流。比如,潮流是不是时兴半身裙或连衣裙,而不论其长短呢?如果确实如此,那么最重要的是要考虑自己的工作性质。如果是办公室的职业白领,连衣裙就非常适合。但如果是在零售店当经理,连衣裙或半身裙则可能会妨碍工作,影响工作效率。 很多人会因为穿了时髦的职场时装而备受称赞,但事情并非总是如此。最不希望的是不但没有受到夸奖,还落下坏名声。正是因为这个原因,你必须考虑别人对你的看法,你必须确保给别人留下的是个好印象。 到底要不要将职场最时髦的潮流带入衣柜,这个决定得自己做,但在做出决定前请考虑考虑上面提到的问题。 Text B波音公司行为准则 波音公司行为准则为全体波音公司员工制定了必须遵守的行为规范。 波音公司的企业经营建立在公平、公正的基础上,符合道德规范和法律、法规。在企业经营中,诚信是公司处理一切关系的基础,包括公司与客户的关系、供应商和公众的关系以及员工之间的关系。在履行公司职责时,波音公司要求员工以最高商业道德标准要求自己。员工不得参与损害公司诚信、公平、声誉或者为公司带来麻烦的任何活动。 员工应确保: ●不参与可能导致公司及个人利益冲突的任何活动。

十个最流行的在线英汉翻译网站准确性评测对比

Facebook、Digg、Twitter、美味书签(https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,)……很多名声大噪且已逐渐步入主流的网络服务都是从国外开始引爆的,而即便是抛却技术上的前瞻性,仅从资源上来看“外域”的也更丰富.当网友们浏览国外网站时,即使有些英文基础,也大都或多或少要使用到翻译工具.在线翻译显然是最便捷的方式,目前提供此类服务的网站有不少,但机器智能翻译尤其考验真功夫,翻译质量的优劣直接影响着用户的阅读效果.在这里我们将全面网罗十个颇有些关注度的在线翻译服务,试炼其翻译质量、速度等各方面的表现. 参评在线翻译 1、Google翻译 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/language_tools?hl=zh-CN 2、Windows Live在线翻译 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/Default.aspx 3、雅虎翻译 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/ 4、爱词霸 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/trans.php

5、百度词典 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/ 6、海词在线翻译 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/ 7、金桥翻译 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/ 8、谷词在线词典 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/ 9、木头鱼在线翻译 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/translation/ 10、nciku在线词典 网址:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c558108.html,/ 一、翻译质量比拼 单词翻译 测试项1:日常用语 翻译单词:boil 参考释义:煮沸 测试结果: 1、Google翻译:沸腾、煮沸等 2、Windows Live在线翻译:煮沸

新职业英语综合二 2 课后习题翻译

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新职业英语2 通用版Unit1——Unit8 课后翻译题答案 ============================================================================================ Unit1 1.公司所有规章制度都应严格遵守。(observe) All the company rules and regulations must be strictly observed. 2.和这些同学在一起我们应随便一些。(casual) We should be casual when we stay with these students. 3.上述所说的是一些在职场环境中非常有用的交际技能。(setting) The above-mentioned are some communication skills that are very useful in an office setting. 4.我们有一个专业的团队来营销我们的产品。(professional) We have a professional team to market our products. 5.你知道今秋流行黑衣服吗?(trendy) Do you know black clothes will be trendy this fall? 6.与其求人,不如求己。(rely on) We would rather rely on ourselves instead of seeking help from others. 7.新车必须符合国家标准。(comply with) New vehicles must comply with national standards. 8.我们公司的一些年轻人可能会来寻求你的建议。(seek) Some young people in our company may come to seek your advice -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Unit 2 1.我把咖啡洒了一桌。(spill) I spilt coffee all over my desk. 2. 会上要求我们每个人都提出建议。(contribute) We were all asked to contribute ideas at the meeting. 3. 水果在运送时容易腐烂。(perishable) Fruits are perishable during transportation. 4. 负责的军官在战斗中受了重伤。(in charge) The officer in charge was wounded badly in the battle. 5. 显然那间公寓一直没有人住。(apparently) Apparently, no one has been living in that flat. 6. 他在退休之前领到了一笔补偿金。(payoff) He got a payoff before the retirement. 7. 经理正在把工作分配给几个工作人员。(assign) The manager is assigning the work to several clerks. 8. 他们正在努力寻找和平解决这种冲突的方法。(solution) They are working hard to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Unit 3 1.你得确保你已为未来的工作做好了准备。(ensure) You need to ensure that you are fully prepared for your future job. 2.在他们的帮助下,我们最后完成了我们的任务。(accomplish)

新职业英语-职业综合英语1-课后翻译题

Uint1 1这一切不是一朝一夕可以实现的(achieve实现) All this can’t be chieved overnight 2下午6点种左右体育馆通常很忙(tend to 通常、易于) The gum tend to be busy at around 6 o’clock in the ofrrrnoon 3这个地区现在不安全,还是远离它为好(take away from 远离) The area is not safe at the moment,so it’sbetter to stay away from it 4就销售而言,他们是4该地区五大超市之一(in terms of 在。。。方面、就。。。而言) In terms of sales, they are one of top five supermarket in the area 5这间房既要作卧室又要作客房(severs as 作为) The room serve as not only bedrome but also livingroom 6生产部负责监督这个项目的进展(monitor 监督) The product department is responsible for monitoring the progress 7上个月经理忙于一项对营销活动的研究工作(be involved in 参与卷入) The product was involved in a research on marking activities last month 8现在许多大公司都利用网站来推销他们的产品和服务(promote 推销) Uany big companies use websites to promote their products and seroices Uint2 1在这所新医院上面已经花费了大笔资金(a great deal of 大量) A great deal of mony has been spent on the new hospital 2成功与否取决于你的努力和能力(depend on 取决于) Success depends on your efforts ands ability 3很难时刻掌握科技方面的新发展(keep track of记录了解动态) It is difficult to keep track of new development in science and technology 4所有投诉都将由经理来处理(deal with 处理) All complains will be deal with by the managers 5不要试着自己去做,这需要专业知识(specialized 专业的) Don’t try doing it yourself, it requires specialized know ledge 6他作为最佳运动员获得了一个金牌(award 获得) He was awarded a goldcup for being the best athlete 7为什么不关掉电视区锻炼一下身体(turn off 关闭)

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