交大出版 硕士英语综合教程2 课后答案

Unit 1 Human based Strategy

Text A Successful Organizations Put People First

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) A(5) B

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) they value cultural diversity; they are family friendly; they invest in employee training; they

empower their employees

(2) their employees; Howard Schultz (3) cultural and technical aspects; coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service and

interpersonal skills

(4) full health and dental coverage, vacation, and participation in the company wide stock plan called Bean Stock

(5) self managed work teams; cross functional teams

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) astute(2) ignite(3) enthusiasm(4) turnover

(5) transaction(6) interact with(7) come into contact with(8) empower

(9) superior(10) drop out

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) D(8) B(9)C(10) A

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each

word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) motivated(2) selecting(3) retain(4) relied

(5) differentiated(6) recruited(7) adaptability(8) prospective

(9) require(10) efficiently(11) comprehensive(12) challenge

(13) survived(14) rate(15) tripled(16) generous

(17) financial(18) reveal(19) premium(20) morale

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.

(2) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.

(3) Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends.

(4) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the

weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.

(5) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of

global economic growth.

(6) China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian

economy and world economy.

(7) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever

been possible before.

(8) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour,

whatever he does, whoever he is.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

It’s actually pretty natural, and almost unavoidable, for managers to form expectations of their workers. Research has found that in an organization, our expectations of others can be tied

directly to productivity, profitability, and yes－motivation! If you have high expectations of your employees, you will possess a powerful and effective tool for improving performance and

motivation within your organization.Performance is often a matter of expectations. Managers

and supervisors form expectations of others, which then influence how they interact with those people. If you don’t expect much from your employees, they will sense that and perform poorly. Why? Because your expectations of them affect their desire to do well. The point is that people naturally try to live up to our expectations of them, or live down to them, whatever the case may be. So expect the best from your employees and don’t be surprised if that’s exactly what you get!

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。他们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。第二，它们具有家庭氛围。公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 首先,如果你把他们安排在那些既能够体现他们自身价值同时又对公司发展有利的岗位上,他们将会更加愿意展现出自己最棒的一面。

(2) 如果你想激励员工让他们尽最大努力完成自己的工作,如果你想让他们成为公司最有价值的资产,那就让他们有公司的主人的感觉吧。

(3) 你作为领导应该知道员工积极性与其工作表现之间有直接的联系。事实上,这种联系取决于你公司的文化以及公司文化灌输给员工的热情。

(4) 员工能提出越多关于自己工作的想法,也越有可能接受你的看法。

(5) 只有当员工像老板进行投资那样决定投入自己的能力和精力的时候,他们才是真的“认同”,因此请给员工参与制定绩效标准的机会。

Unit 2Higher Education

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) A(3) C(4) A(5) B

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) graduate students spen d much longer time getting a degree; it’s hard for them to look for a tenure track teaching job at a college or university

(2) a president of the Council of Graduate Schools; the system of financing in America

(3) that graduate programs have added more strict requirements; that expectations for what a

degree holder is supposed to have accomplished have radically increased (4) improve the quality of education; increase the demand for more tenured faculty members over time

(5) graduate schools socialize students into believing they can’t leave academe or shouldn’t

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) recipient(2) apprenticeships(3) dissertation(4) tenure(5) adjunct

(6) mentor(7) perpetuate(8) unattainable(9) taint(10) shrunk

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) C(6) B(7) D(8) A(9) B(10) A

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each

word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) limited(2) program(3) in(4) receiving(5) found

(6) but(7) between(8) closed(9) While(10) practice

(11) grind(12) often(13) among(14) which(15) opportunities

(16) enrollment(17) who(18) turn(19) other(20) like

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Rising oil prices are typically negative for corporate profits since they boost expenses and eat into co nsumers’ discretionary income.

(2) And it follows from this, Hobbes believes, that the sovereign has the right to decide what

opinions, what books, what ideas are conducive to peace and which ones aim simply to stir up

war and discontent?

(3) Researchers in Germany say that a cancer fighting substance found in hops could be

enhanced to brew a special anti cancer beer.

(4) A fabled bird, identified with the kingfisher, was supposed to have the power to calm the wind and the waves while it nested on the sea during the winter solstice.

(5) Bicyclists often ride as though two wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws.

(6)The instructor should not rebuke the girl student for her small mistake in front of all

classmates. Given that she is inexperienced, she has done a good job.

(7) From a broader perspective, higher attrition rate would affect the development of the

industry as a whole. So the necessity is to shorten the apprenticeship.

(8) I have to level with you because I don’t want any misunderstanding between us, so how can you justify spending so much money?

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

The error—the heresy—is to think that the entire purpose of education is to get you a better job: that the entire function of an individual life is to make as much money as possible. No one said to

me, read Finnegans Wake and you’ll make a bloody fortune; that’s the whole point of reading the damn thing. It’s a terrible shame, and I feel horribly sad for the people who must go through it all, carrying the burden of economic expectation rather then the spirit of exploration and adventure. We were all too busy trying to suss out the meaning of life to be sidetracked by such side

issues as careers, until the time came to meet reality head on. That hasn’t stopped a number of

old university friends from being conspicuously successful. Therefore, the purpose of education is supposed to make you rich, not wealthy.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

比如,英语文学专业一年级和二年级博士生可能不会面对像他们的医学和法律学院的同伴那样令人头疼的课程负担或者以不正当手段进行的竞争,但是以后有更持久而艰苦的工作等待着他们。博士生不仅被要求掌握一系列广泛的知识,而且要在本研究领域撰写一本几乎像书一样厚的学位论文,依据学科的不同,有的可能最终被搁置一旁,就像埃普索泻盐的商标被贴在药箱的后面一样泰然自若。这些学生必须通过拼凑各种补助金和工钱来获得他们的生活费用,这些工钱是他们帮助教授本科生的课程所赚取的,但也占用了他们的研究时间。三年级的医学专业学生因为在医院的轮流值班而累得两眼模糊,但干这种工作至少是在为取得学位而努力。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 如今, 越来越多的高等教育机构开设的专业课程, 看上去就像通向诱人工作的捷径: 你可以研究体育或是新闻学, 或是电视, 或是流行音乐, 甚至时尚, 上帝啊。

(2) 今天的“可持续性教育”则并不仅限于在本地进行,还拓展到了全世界——它是一个由各种合作性项目组成的网络,这个网络超越政治界限,让儿童和成年人都参与进来,使人们的需求与环境相协调。

(3) 美国教育的崛起在很大程度上指的是公共教育的兴盛——而过去30 年里,有一种观点始终在美国的政治舞台上唱主角,那就是政府的所有开支都是在浪费纳税人的钱。

(4) 最近我对于教育的目的进行了相当多的思考,因为这周五我的母校布里斯托尔大学将授予我“名誉文学博士”学位, 对此, 我的朋友们, 特别是在大学期间就认识我的朋友们感到既惊讶, 又好笑。

(5) 即便没有当前这场经济危机的影响,单就美国难以把那些经济拮据的学生留在学校而言, 人们也完全有理由预见,美国在这类排名中会进一步下滑。

Unit 3 Cyberspace Network

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) A(2) C(3) B(4) C(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) infrastructure, including air traffic, financial markets and even basic

email;incompetent,

indecisive and confused

(2) if the world’s most innovative technology company can not protect its computers from degital aggressions, we can not expect to be protected by the government

(3) they have responsibility to povide some hard evidence to support their claims

(4) spamming, scamming and identity fraud, which are the inevitable casts of democratizing

access to multi purpose technologies

(5) not a question of national security but a question of basic government incompetence

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) derail(2) hype(3) spamming(4) nascent(5) simulate

(6) parlance(7) weaponry(8) unplug(9) hostage(10) civilians

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) D(2) B(3) A(4) C(5) C(6) B(7) A(8) C(9) D(10) A

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each

word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) attack(2) disruption(3) described(4) assaults(5) traced (6) authorized(7) identified(8) sophistication(9) rogue(10) intrusion

(11) demonstrate(12) issue(13) ultimate(14) eventual(15) launch

(16) offensive(17) analysis(18) security(19) investigation(20) shined

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open—but most people

prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about

anything.

(2) The soldiers were so courageous that they sworn to wipe out any enemy that dare to invade into their country.

(3) T hey’re so lacking in confidence in the attraction of broadcasting the games on TV that they feel they have to hype up with some hysterical commentator in order to

get anyone to watch

them.

(4) What’s worse, there are those who wou ld unleash malicious network attacks designed to

exploit these hidden vulnerabilities to uncover the prized data within.

(5) The change of the government’s interference strategies on housing ushered in a period of

stable house prices.

(6) This shows true leadership, sustained vision, and solid commitment. They were applauded for sticking with it for so many years with great subtlety.

(7) How to single out the most succinct way to finish the work still remains a problem.

(8) But Defense Secretary Gates said the United States has put a lot on the table in terms of

missile defense proposals and it is time for the Russians to reciprocate.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

According to some media reports recently, the cyber attacks to Google and many American

companies seemed to have originated in China. The Chairman of Chinese Internet Association

refutes that it was an irresponsible prejudice to allege on that cyber attacks originated in China without thorough investigation,and was therefore absolutely arbitrary. With the rapid

development on internet in the globe, it was difficult to determine the origin because of the ease

of hiding identities online. The hacker may hide identities, log on the computer of a foreign

country and commit cyber attacks to the computers in the third one.However, China’s

information network, as well as many other countries, also faces severe threat of cyber attacks. Chinese government has always attached great importance to the security of the computer

network and strengthened international cooperation to crack down on cross border cyber

crimes, as well as enhanced its crackdown through consultation and collaboration with the

International Criminal Police Organization. Therefore, it is wholly nonsense to allege on that

cyber attacks originated in China judging merely from computer IP address of China.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

为什么这些在军事领域里被认为是“计算机网络攻击”的策略没有被更广泛地运用？尽管互联网带来了巨大的变化,但它并没有使悠久的战争规律变得过时或毫不相关。比如,按照军事惯例要求在攻击时区分平民和军事目标。在既相互分离又相互连接的网络空间里,这个要求

并不容易满足: 在网络攻击敌人的手机塔时,也会影响到平民目标。在2008 年美军决定解散一个沙特阿拉伯的网络论坛。这个由CIA 创立的论坛本来是用来收集情报的,但是却越来越被圣战分子用来计划对伊拉克的攻击。这次解散不经意间造成了在沙特阿拉伯、德国、德克萨斯州的300 多台服务器的中断。网络攻击当然不具备外科手术的精确性,且对平民的伤害很难避免。军事指挥官们不想因战争罪受到审判，即使这些犯罪是通过网络进行的。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 根据最近的一项有关网络功能的民意调查显示,46%的受访者将因特网描述为朋友,43%的人则把它看成是敌人,还有11%的人心里不清楚。

(2) 网络能通过减少填写和更新应聘者资料的时间和成本来提高招聘效率,提升评估的有效性,以此来增强搜索公司提供给客户的建议的价值。

(3) 设想他们电脑的桌面上有一个图标,能够让他们提醒你一些任务,并且可以用鼠标将具体细节发送给你,这对客户来说将会是多么方便的事啊！

(4) 也就是说,一个设计良好的网络招聘程序能用网络来处理数据,每日不知疲倦地工作并且能跨越地理障碍,因此用人单位可以辨识候选人之间的细微差别,评估他们的优缺点,并且抓住机会推销他们。

(5) 这些新聘用的人员很快就被送到高价的培训项目中去学习在线获取应聘者资料的技术——远端网络数据挖掘工具——然后马上就能投入到工作之中去。

Unit 4 Love and Marriage

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) A(2) B(3) C(4) C(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) those traditionally unique advantages of marriage, such as raising children and enhancing

one’s status and financial situation

(2) that marriage is dead, but that a growing number of adults are spending more of their lives single or living unmarried with partners

(3) get out of marriage (or any type of romantic relationship) and to get into a new marital

relationship (or any other type of romantic relationship)

(4) although the attitudes toward marriage are largely dominated by a country’s cultural and

religious beliefs, the wish for a stable, long term relationship is still a desired goal

(5) accept the possibility of having shorter marriages, in which love is more likely to remain alive; accept that marriage should essentially involve a companionable love rather than a romantic one

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) encapsulate(2) proclaim(3) companionable(4) respectability(5) intrinsically

(6) justification(7) contractual(8) exclusivity(9) gratifying(10) flexibility

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) A(2) C(3) D(4) B(5) A(6) B(7) C(8) A(9) C(10) B

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each

word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) equation(2) temporarily(3) how(4) back(5) version

(6) or(7) problem(8) trap(9) into(10) presents

(11) romantic(12) insane(13) let down(14) what(15) last

(16) though(17) marketed(18) wooed(19) caring(20) and

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Potential investors exploring more promising areas, such as low carbon energy and

infrastructure, are stymied because of the lack of a clear policy framework.

(2) Fortunately, most managers welcome such initiative, and they are increasingly willing to give their employees more responsibility, autonomy, and authority in their jobs.

(3) We are offering a package deal which includes the whole office computer system, staff

training and hardware maintenance.

(4) Although this so called continuous speech recognition approach has indeed improved

accuracy, it is by no means infallible.

(5) This is a concrete illustration of what we mean by one and the same thing having two

contradictory aspects.

(6) Actual demand in a particular year, in particular in the private sector, depends on the

economic factors and the commercial decisions of developers and consumers.

(7) If you ever need a blood transfusion, it’s important that you only receive blood compatible

with your own type.

(8) Therefore, the Europeanization of Chinese does not stem from an internal force, but rather

originates from an external pressure.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder—but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that “caused” the break,but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many

marriages seem to break up because of a “third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him—and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to

the interloper. He calls him a hypnotist or a thief or a home breaker. In the vast majority of

cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any “third party” has appeared on the scene.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

现代社会,大多数由于解除婚姻关系所受的惩罚已经取消,而婚姻关系提供的许多鼓励措施也能在其他的社会结构中获得。因此,选择保持婚姻关系更多的是因为爱的缘故,而不是传统婚姻的一些独特优势,如抚养孩子,提高身份地位和改善经济状况。如果一个人觉得她目前的婚姻状态阻止她感受真挚的爱情,(从她的个人发展和满意度来看)她就没有太多的动力继续维持婚姻关系。事实上,现在许多离婚案件以缺乏爱情作为终止婚姻的理由,这表明爱情在当代婚姻中具有非同寻常的重要性。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 就生于不同国家、结合于第三国、目前在别国工作且子女、养老金和其他资产又散布于世界各地的跨国夫妇来说,他们的离婚大战在律师看来是福音,在其他人看来却是梦魇。(2) 法国规定经济实力较弱的一方(通常是女方)离婚后必须立即自立;英格兰和美国一些州则要求终生赡养。有的国家仅要求对“婚后财产”(即婚后创建的资产)进行分割,有的却要分割所有财产。

(3) 英国法院正逐步采用这样一个原则(在美国一些州已得到确立),即婚后妻子为增强丈夫财富创造能力所付出的努力必须给予补偿,也就是说现有资产以及丈夫未来的收入都必须与妻子分享。

(4) 第三,一旦离婚迫在眉睫,女方也许想移居英格兰或者美国(但应避免到佛罗里达之类“无赡养费”的州);此时,男方宜留在欧洲大陆不动。

(5)戴安娜王妃的弟弟厄尔·斯宾塞同其第一任妻子离婚时,是在他们当时的居住地南非提起离婚诉讼的,这着实让他的妻子吃惊不小。因为如果放在他们曾定居过的英格兰,她也许就能得到更好的待遇。

Unit 5 Medicine and Illness

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) A(5) B

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learn ed in the text.

(1) schools were shut down; the government banned public gatherings; travelers from affected

regions who showed signs of flu were quarantined

(2) the young, the healthy and the pregnant

(3) not in people but in animals; those who are in close contact with animals

(4) hand washing, sanitation and distancing measures like keeping sick people at home

(5) communicate better what they know about an outbreak and what they don’t know about it

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) stranded(2) hindsight(3) vaccine(4) intertwined

(5) transparency(6) grapple with(7) catch off guard(8) give more weight to

(9) piled up(10) stamp out

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) D(8) B(9) C(10) A

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each

word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) rather than(2) alone(3) concluded(4) timing(5) varies

(6) compared(7) reveal(8) connected(9) triggering(10) attributed

(11) majority(12) counted(13) risk(14) immunity(15) likely

(16) previous(17) adolescents(18) effectively(19) severe(20) dependent

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Some people dub China as “The Bicycle Kingdom”. Yet in the past, you could hardly see

anyone from this kingdom in the international cycling events.

(2) The WHO says anyone exposed to the bird flu should be quarantined to avoid contact with

sufferers of regular human influenza.

(3) The great “Spanish flu” pandemic of 1918~1919 was considered the worst plague in history, killing up to 40 million people with half of the world’s population infected in only a few months.

(4) The time for talk is over. The time for action is now. Because we know that if we don’t act, a bad situation will become dramatically worse. Crisis could turn into catastrophe for families and businesses across our country.

(5) Called plant factories, these anonymous looking warehouses have sprung up across the whole world and can churn out immaculate looking lettuces and green leaves 24 hours a day, seven days

a week.

(6) I think, learning English can boil down to three simple ingredients: persistence, proper ways and good teachers.

(7) Usually, when we put the blame on others, we would be blind of our own mistakes. And if we don’t acknowledge or learn from our own mistakes, chances are high that we are going to repeat them.

(8) To defuse your anger, try a simple stress management technique. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

Even in rich countries, it will be months before everyone who wants the vaccine can get it. Poor countries will get little if any vaccine. The pandemic vaccine should make you and your family

safe from this virus, but you may not get it for months, if you can get it at all. Some countries, including the US and the UK, have ordered enough to vaccinate everyone and immunization

began this month. Most poor countries will get only a little, or none. In rich countries many will still get sick, and some will die, before they can be vaccinated. And yet even people who can get

it are hesitating. Nearly half the parents in the US say they will refuse to vaccinate their kids, even though children are a priority group for vaccination, due to unfounded rumors about the risks of the various swine flu vaccines.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

在甲流疫情刚开始的时候,卫生官员们就已经发现该病毒很容易传染。感染甲流的病例不断地增加,仅仅几个星期,甲流病毒就已经遍布世界的各个角落。但是当研究员们了解甲流是一种新型流感病毒时,当他们得知人类对其还没有免疫力时,当他们发现其传染速度很快时,他们并不能马上估量其是否具有致命性。过去的有些流行病是比较温和的,然而像导致全世界1亿人丧生的1918 年流感之类的流感却是例外。毕竟在刚开始,没有任何方法可以去证明甲流病毒会是怎样的一种病毒。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 曾经看起来像是假想的问题现在惊人地变成了现实——即使我们还不清楚这场新近爆发的猪流感会发展成怎样一个局面: 可能只是一起简单的、吓人的事件,也可能成为一场全球健康灾难的开始,也可能是介于这两者之间。

(2) 对于健康和急救准备倡导者来说,这是一个激发公众开始行动的机会,因为公众并未抱有

这样的观念: 为恐怖袭击、风暴、流感或其他诸如大停电、暴风雪等普遍性的灾害做好准备。

(3) 在过去的一个星期里,卫生官员甚至连总统都敦促父母们,至少组织起来,考虑一下如果孩子的学校因为流感被停课后他们要做些什么。

(4) 如果可能的话,储备一些额外的你所需的处方药、基本的医疗和急救用品,这些东西在流感肆虐期间基本都会缺货,比如非处方退烧药,补水剂和塑料(一次性)手套。

(5) 加勒特说: 最要不得的是惊慌失措。毕竟,专家们已经指导人们如何应对各种灾难有很多年了。所幸的是,对这类特殊的,可能会发生的灾难,我们已经接收到了有力而且及时的警报。

Unit 6 Famous Speeches

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) C(3) B(4) C(5) C

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve lea rned in the text.

(1) enthusiasm; making their votes to choose; wait long hours

(2) donated; contributed; impossible

(3) its ideals; democracy; liberty; opportunity; unyielding hope

(4) disastrous things; more equal; more democratic

(5) job opportunities; prosperous; peace; American dreams; what they are after

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) hold back(2) scorching(3) enormity(4) thrive(5) better off

(6) tyranny(7) cynicism(8) stretch(9) strained(10) huddled

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) B(5) C(6) A(7) D(8) C(9) C(10) B

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each

word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) well(2) elect(3) oldest(4) African American

(5) discrimination(6) generated(7) accelerates(8) louder

(9) developing(10) voters(11) demonstrated(12) nomination (13) multicultural(14) benefits(15)

compete(16) together

(17) looking for(18) sense(19) represents(20) excelled

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) To dismiss John from his job when his wife has just left him would be hitting a man when he is down.

(2) We were all astonished beyond measure on hearing that Tom and Jane are getting married

after knowing each other for merely two weeks.

(3) She began to put the house straight, making beds and washing dishes, cleaning and tidying;

but she could summon up no enthusiasm for it.

(4) Beyond all differences of race or creed, we are one country, mourning together and facing

danger together.

(5) With love I will tear down the wall for suspicion and hate which they have built round their hearts and in its place will I build bridges so that my love may enter their souls.

(6) John Travolta has been obsessed with planes and flying since he was a little boy. When he was eight years old, his mother and sister pitched in to get him a fancy toy plane for Christmas.

(7) Wish you a very successful semester as you dig into the science of psychology and put it into practice in your own lives, and think about how to take psychology from the classroom to the

world.

(8) They are a group of fearless fighters, and as a group they have conqured one difficulty after another. And today they carried out this plan with determination and devotion though they met with many difficulties.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

The past 30 years of reform and opening up have also brought about historical changes in

China’s relations with the rest of the world. China, once a closed and semi closed society, has opened itself to the outside world. It is an active participant in international and regional

cooperation, and it has become a major engine propelling global economic growth. It has

established extensive contacts with the international community and taken an active part in

international and regional affairs. Faithfully fulfilling its international obligations and playing a

responsible and constructive role, China is now an important force for maintaining world peace and promoting common development. Any country that wants to develop itself should not only

rely on its own efforts, but also carry out reform and opening up and pursue win win

progress and common development with other countries. This is the conclusion we have drawn from the success of China’s development endeav ors. And we are keenly aware that in this

increasingly globalized world China’s future is inseparably bound up with the future of the world.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 在这样一场漫长而激烈的竞争之中,仅仅是他的胜利,就使我敬重他的能力与坚毅。然而,他更令我激赏而盛赞的成就,是他在赢得选战的过程中,唤起了数以百万计人民的希望——这些人曾经误以为自己在美国总统的选举中无足轻重、无法造成任何影响。这是一场历史性的选举,而我知道它对非裔美人特殊的意义,今晚这份特别的荣耀属于他们。我素来相信美国为那些努力并有决心的人提供机会。奥巴马参议员也这样认为。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 我站在这里,深知自己的经历只是千百万美国故事中的沧海一粟,更深知自己无法忘却那些更早踏上这片土地的先人,因为若不是在美国,我的故事无论如何都不可能发生。

(2) 这才是真正的美国智慧,坚信自己的国民有着朴素无华的梦想, 坚信点滴的奇迹终会出现在身边。入夜,当我们为孩子掖好小被的同时,相信他们不会为衣食所累,不会为安全担忧。

(3) 在今年的选举中,特别重申了我们主张的价值和肩负的责任,以此来应对当下的艰难现实：并希望了解怎样才能更好秉承前辈的遗产,实现对子孙的承诺。

(4) 父母也要尽职尽责,培养下一代,不让孩子整天沉溺于电视,对于黑人而言,更要和白人一样,让子女有接受教育的权利,而不是相反。

(5) 但他们真诚地认为,只要政府工作的重点有所调整,就可以使得每个孩子都能奋发图强,积极向上,让机遇大门向每个人敞开。

Unit 7 Space Travel

Text A The Hazards of Space Travel

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) the result of population pressures or environmental changes; curiosity

(2) the considerations of national security

(3) bone and muscle physioloy and the cardiovascular system

(4) the cuts in funding by NASA; the loss of the Columbia space shuttle in February 2003

(5) to use unmanned spacecraft to investigate the planets’ surface a nd land; to provide large funding for the ISS; to construct new lift off capabilities and faster spacecraft.

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) habitat(2) interplanetary(3) eclipsed(4) cosmic(5) countermeasure

(6) simulate(7) cardiovascular(8) efficacy(9) harbour(10) sterilize

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) A(2) C(3) B(4) A(5) B(6) C(7) D(8) A(9) D(10) A

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each

word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) weakens(2) more(3) minimize(4) women(5) lasted

(6) measured(7) between(8) following(9) never(10) comparing

(11) determine(12) found(13) after(14) in(15) faster

(16) burden(17) on(18)as(19) than(20) astronauts

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) China’s forestry construction still faces serious problems such as the shortage, low quality and uneven distribution of forest resources and the continuous deterioration of the ecological

environment.

(2) After a period of international tension, the two countries are now trying to normalize

relations with each other.

(3) A computer can assess in seconds all the combinations of about 10 to 15 moves ahead, but a top champion chess player, given time, may be able to intuitively envisage up to 20 moves or

more. (4) Native trees are low maintenance; they have developed natural against insects and disease

over the centuries, and they rarely need pruning or feeding.

(5) New England is bordered on the south and east by the Atlantic Ocean, which ought—one

would suppose—to exert the modifying effect on climate.

(6) It is generally recognised that in a rapidly changing world, the role of the school is not only to impart knowledge. What is more important is to develop in our young people an inquisitive mind,

communication skills, the quest for knowledge and the skills for mastering new information and learning how to learn.

(7) His love had brought her many beautiful dreams, but now it was casting her into a dark abyss.

(8) We will raise the environmental awareness of the whole society and encourage the public to consciously opt for green consumption and join in activities aimed at improving the ecological

environment, in an effort to drastically improve the environmental quality of the capital and build it into an ecological city.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

During weightlessness, the forces within the body undergo dramatic change. Because the spine is no longer compressed, people grow taller (two inches or so). The lungs, heart, and other organs within the chest have no weight, and as a result, the rib cage and chest relax and expand.

Similarly, the weight of the liver, kidneys, stomach, and bowels disappears. meanwhile muscles

and bones come to be used in different ways. Our muscles are designed to support us when

standing or sitting upright and to move body parts. But in space, muscles used for support on the ground are no longer needed for that purpose; moreover, the muscles used for movement

around a capsule differ from those used for walking on the earth. Consequently, some muscles rapidly weaken.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

探索是进化中的一个重要生存战略。不断扩张的物种的迁徙依赖于对它们近处或远处环境的探索来寻求新的食物来源或安全的居住地。探索也可能由种群数量的压力或环境的改变造成。人类给探索还添加了另外一个理由,即好奇心。这种对未知事物探索的精神需求带领着伟大的欧洲探险者们在十五到十七世纪登上了美洲、澳大利亚和南极。对自然的好奇心同样也是人类探索极地冰冠、攀越险峰和潜入海底深处的驱动力。现在,二十一世纪的最终探索前沿就是太空。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 研究显示,宇航员在太空期间每月以1%的速率从尾椎骨、髋骨和大腿骨失去钙质。一些部位,如脚后跟比其他部位损失钙要快。

(2) 科学家知道造成骨质疏松症的因素很多,但他们尚未弄清这些因素是如何起作用,又是如何相互作用的,因而很难研制出一种合适的治疗方案。

(3) 睡觉前,透过太空船窗户向外看一眼(考虑到窗外的特殊景致,这种举动一般难以抑制)会使足够多的亮光进入眼睛,引起大脑的错误反应,从而导致睡眠质量的下降。

(4) 对于长时间的太空飞行,宇航员必须要面对这样的情况: 长期禁闭在密封舱里、不能逃逸、不能享受地球上的正常生活、和小组里来自不同文化的同事一道生活。

(5) 宇航员在低地轨道待一年所受到的辐射剂量是在地面上受到平均辐射剂量的十倍。

Unit 8 Housing Problem

Text A The United States Housing Bubble

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) A(2) A(3) B(4) C(5) B

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) the bursting of the United States housing bubble which peaked in approximately 2005 2006;

began to increase quickly

(2) Low interest rates and large inflows of foreign funds; fueled a housing construction boom and encouraged debt financed consumption; contributed to the United States housing bubble (3) a series of factors caused the financial system to both expand and become increasingly fragile while the housing and credit bubbles built

(4) easy credit conditions, government and competitive pressures

(5) there weren’t enough Americans with ［bad］credit taking out ［bad loans］to satisfy investors

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) subject to(2) foreclosure(3) allocate(4) refinance(5) expire

(6) inflow(7) bid up(8) triggers(9) financialization(10) culminate

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) D(3) D(4) D(5) C(6) D(7) B(8) A(9) B(10) A

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each

word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) between(2) to(3) about(4) differences(5) unlikely

(6) than(7) counterparts(8) down(9) losses(10) other

(11) relatively(12) peak(13) increase(14) until(15) exposed

(16) However(17) into(18) influence(19) what(20) experience

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Economists who have looked at the pattern of payments on subprime mortgages point out

that even when house prices topped out and then began to fall, not all subprime borrowers

defaulted.

(2) Thomson couldn’t get the loan because he was unwilling to collateralize it with his own house.

(3) The US housing bubble was potentially caused by regional government restriction of land

supply, the increased demand for homes, and foreign cash inflows.

(4) The metropolitan areas of the east and west coast restricted building through restrictive laws; the net effect was to restrict land supply and thus drive up, not drive down, the cost of land in these areas.

(5) This report is positively denied in official circles, who affirm that nothing of the kind occurred, but that the story is made out of whole cloth.

(6) We should not only subsidize them, but also guide and support them to participate in fitness exercise in all channels and ways.

(7) An Internet scale operating system must address two fundamental issues—how to allocate resources and how to compensate resource suppliers.

(8) Previously in his tenure, he had resisted heavy pressure to bailout a smaller bank: he judged it should cope with its failure.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

With many y ears’ reform of housing system, we have achieved great progress. With the

development of socialist economies, the people’s living standard has crossed from subsistence level to well off level. The people’s dwelling condition has been well improved. In the mass, we have passed the time of shortage for houses and we are now focusing on improving the living conditions and living environment for people. Though we’ve made achievements on reforming of housing system, there are still shortage and challenge on solving housing problems. Compared

with the ever increasing demand of housing and the requirement of creating harmonious

society and achieving well off living, there are still some aspects and problems not solved.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

美国人普遍认为,在许多情况下拥有房屋所有权要好于租房,特别是当限期的所有权期至少为5 年时。用于偿还本金的固定利率抵押贷款的一部分给房主带来收益，而且贷款的利息可抵消税款的减额部分。然而,除了给租房客而不是房业主扣税,花在房租的钱也一样要扣。但是，当购房被视为一种投资，即随时间会增值的资产，而非房屋本身所提供的庇护功能时，购房不是无风险的投资。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 这尤其适用于当地不同等级的住房状况、生活在不同社区的不同阶层。应该避免在特定的地区住房整齐划一的这个趋势。

(2) 政府应该强调住房多样性,应该保护各类租房户不被市场淘汰,帮助他们克服障碍,不被歧视,以便他们获得权利寻求质量好的租住房。

(3) 让有限的土地资源通过竞争被操纵,片面地鼓励房地产企业开发炫耀财富的大项目是放弃了政府查处自由市场模式下不合理规划和发展的责任。

(4) 无论住房问题不同地方有不同特点,不管社区大或小,最主要的事情是住房权利从根本上和许多其他的权利紧密地联系在一起。

(5) 获得住房的渠道不公平是由诸多社会问题所致。政府提出的住房政策会让我们看出政府怎样看待人民的权利,及其创造未来生活的能力。

Unit 9 Global Warming

Text A Mopping Up the CO2 Deluge

→III. Key to the Exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) A(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in t he text.

(1) emissions of CO2 continue to rise; the ocean and land have quit sopping up CO2 as much as they used to

(2) the plankton feasts on CO2 and by seeding iron into ocean planktons would flourish and

therefore, CO2 would be absorbed and kept away from the atmosphere

(3) it would change the ocean chemistry which kill a lot of fish and leave a lot of hydrochloric acid on land

(4) since it does not alter the chemical structure of eco system on land and at sea, it causes no ecological problems; CO2 collected can be reused in multiple ways in agricultural and industrial fields and then a benign circle would form

(5) even if the three trials are not as feasible as assumed to be, they are worthwhile move

forward in combating global warming

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) apparently(2) scrub(3) deposit(4) wake(5) ripples

(6) fertilize(7) dilute(8) skeptical(9) moratorium(10) patent

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) C(3) D(4) A(5) B(6) D(7) B(8) A(9) A(10) B