九上M2知识点练习
九上M2知识点练习
1.I will wait _____I hear from you. A.until B. since C. while D. because
2.昨天下午我直到写完作业才回家。
I _________ ____ home yesterday afternoon _______ I finished my homework.
选词填空：when; before; while; until; since; after; as
3. Mum was making cookies in the kitchen ________ the telephone rang.
4. I was watching TV ________ my wife was cooking.
5.He had worked in a factory for two years ________he went to college.
6.Four years has passed _________he married.
7.He didn’t get to the airport _________it was dark.
8.The students took notes __________they listened.
9.I began to work here ________I had left school.
10.Amy was reading a book ________I came in.
A.when
B. while
C. because
D. though
11.I’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography.
12.I was walking down the street _______ I met my good friend.
13.Miss Lin ______a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.
A.does
B. did
C. has done
D. will do
14.I ____________ (send) you a postcard as soon as I get there.
15.My father is tired .He wants to find ________ to relax.
A. nice somewhere
B. somewhere nice
C. nice somewhere
16.I’ll tell her about it as soon as she ______ back.
A. come
B. comes
C. will come D．is coming
17.It began to rain yesterday________ they were planting trees.
A. what
B. while
C. after
D. before
18.They’ll be _______ in Qingdao for the next two weeks.
A.at vacation
B. in vacation
C. with vacation
D. on vacation
19.When we arrived, the film was ______. A. end B. over C. stop
20.We have been here ______ 2007. A. when B. after C. until D. since
21.Let’s go ____________(camp).
22.It’s the ____________ (close) Monday to May Day.
23.In the USA, Labour Day is a ___________(nation) holiday, but on a ____________ (difference) date.
24.They are planning ____________ (save) some money.
25.Did you enjoy ___________ (you), boys and girls?
26.The university _____________ (found)100 years ago.
27.Lin Feng ______________ (study) very hard since he came to our school.
28.I watched my uncle ________ (get)into a taxi just now.
29.I was doing my homework while my mother __________ (do)the cleaning.
30.We ________________ (leave)for Shanghai as soon as we get tickets.
31.I’ll have ______next week.
A. one-day off
B. one day off
C. one day’s off
D. one-day’s off
32.I’d like to go ______for my holiday.
A. somewhere exciting
B. exciting somewhere
C. excited somewhere
D. somewhere excited
33.The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008, they ______ there for six years since then.
A. live
B. lived
C. have lived
D. will live
34.—What is the date today? —It is ______.
A. Sunday
B. August nine
C. the first of May
D. October fifth
35.Three years has passed since we came to china. (改为同义句)
_______ three years _______ we came to China.
36.He wanted to know if it will rain tomorrow.(划线提问)
_______ did he _______ to know?
37.10月1日是中国的国庆节, 不是吗, 玲玲?
The First of October is China’s National Day, ________ ____ , Lingling?
38.从那时起, 人们就庆祝国庆节。
People _________ _______________ the National Day __________ then.
39.我父母和我打算去山东省拜访一些朋友, 并将待在那里直到假期结束。
My parents and I ______ _________ ____ visit some friends in Shandong Province and _______ _______ there _________ the end of the holiday.
40.当我们和我们的朋友们待在一起时, 我们会在青岛度过一天。
_________ we’re __________ with our friends, we’re _________ ____ spend one day in Qingdao.
41.并且假期一开始, 我的家人就总是去一些有趣的地方。
And my family always go ____________ _______ _____ _______ ____ the holiday begins.
42.What do you often do _____classes to relax yourselves?
We often do eye exercises, listen to music or do some running around the school.
A.in
B. among
C. between
D. through
43.Would you like some coffee, please? Yes, and please get some sugar. I prefer coffee ___sugar. A. to B. for C. with D. from
44.John fell asleep, with the lights _____________(burn).
45.It rained on the day we arrived, but the _________ (follow) day was sunny.
46.At the sight I was frightened and fell off the bike, with all the books
_________ (lie) on the ground.
47.While Mary _________ (write) a letter, the children __________ (play) outside.
48.My sister can’t help _______(clean) the house because she’s busy making a cake.
49.There is nothing _________ (eat) in the fridge. Let’s buy some.
50.对中国人来说,它是庆祝的时间。For Chinese, _____ _______ _____ celebrating.
51.王博士正在讲如何做演讲。
Doctor Wang is talking about how _____ _______ _________.
52.饭前我经常帮忙摆放餐具。I often help ______ _____ _________ before dinner.
53.我们都需要大量的睡眠。We all need ___________ _____ sleep.
54.那位歌手不但弹吉他，而且还演唱。
The singer not only played the guitar，he sang ____ ________.
55.The teacher told us not to spend ______time playing games.
A. too many
B. too much
C. much too
D. many too
56.While Newton ______under the tree, an apple ______onto his head.
A. sat; fell
B. was sitting; was falling
C. sat; was falling
D. was sitting; fell
57.Could you tell me _____this kind of phone? Sure. It’s very easy. Look, like this.
A. what to use
B. when to use
C. how to use
D. where to use
58.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______on.
A. going
B. goes
C. went
D. to go
59.T___________ is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November in America.
60.The farmer taught me how to grow c_______.
61.We usually watch the games and enjoy o____________ very much.
62.They l____ the table, and begin dinner.
63.It’s a time for a special diner a________ family and friends.
64.I had a great time on the National Day last year. (同义句)
I_________ _________ on the National Day last year.
65.Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday in America. (划线部分提问)
_________ is Thanksgiving in America?
66.The teacher taught students how they should use a computer.(同义句)
The teacher taught students _____ ____ _____ a computer.
67.I usually visit my grandparents twice one month.(划线部分提问）
______ _______ do you visit your grandparents?
68.We __________ the day since we arrived here.
A. celebrated
B. celebrates
C. have celebrated
D. has celebrate
69.他们登陆以后, 他们的第一个冬天比任何一个英国的冬天都糟糕。
_______ they landed, their first winter was ________ ______ any English winter. 70.在我们开始吃晚饭前, 我父亲对食物表示感谢, 所以我们记得我们庆祝这个节日的原因。
_________ we begin dinner, my father ________ _________ _____ the food, so we remember _____ we celebrate the festival.
71.当它(晚餐)完全结束时, 大家都帮忙洗碗。
________ it is all over, everyone _________ ________ the dishes.
72.我们去看梅西感恩节游行。游行沿几条街道走并在著名的梅西百货商店结束。We go to watch the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. The parade ________ ________ several streets and___________ at the famous Macy’s store.
73.足球在感恩节也是很重要的, 很多队都在比赛。
Football is also important at Thanksgiving, _______ many teams __________ games.
74.When spring comes, everything_________ (begin) to grow.
75.We spent a lot of time ________(do) our favourite things.
76.A scientist must practice a lot ______ he can use all data tools well.
A. as soon as
B. when
C. until
D. before
77.He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _____ it got worse.
A. until
B. when
C. before
D. as
78.Scientists say it may be 5 years___ it is possible to test this medicine on
human patients.
A.Since
B. after
C. before
D. when
79.Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _____ I
could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. while D. before
80.It would be months _____ he was fit for work.
A. until
B. since
C. before
D. after
81.The scientists had tried out many kinds of chemicals ________ they found the right one.
82.—Can’t you go with them? —______. I’m too busy.
A. Yes, I can
B. No, I can
C. Yes, I can’t
D. No, I can’t
83.It was last night ______I saw the comet.
A. the time
B. when
C. that
D. which
84.____________(除了)Jim, Lucy and Lily also attended the meeting.
85.Can you go for a picnic as planned? It __________ ____(决定于)the weather. 86．我们一进门, 杰克就高兴地叫起来。
_____ ________ ____we went in, Jack cried out with pleasure.
87.我们都决心要在新学期取得大的进步。
We all decided to ________ __________ __________in the new term.
88.昨天我们在聚会上玩得很开心。
We __________ __________ / _______ _______ at the party yesterday.
89.我们在花园里既种花也种菜。
We grow flowers _____ ________ ____ vegetables in the garden.
90.He fell asleep ______ he was listening to music.
A. after
B. before
C. while
D. as soon as
91.They won’t leave ________ they finish their h omework.
A. when
B. after
C. until
D. as
92.____ you cross the road, you must look out for the traffic.
A. After
B. Before
C. While
D. When
93.She was just going out ________ the phone rang.
A. when
B. after
C. until
D. before
94.万物生长靠太阳。All living things ___________ _____ the sun for their growth.
95.昨天直到那个小男孩找到妈妈, 我才离开。
Yesterday I __________leave __________the little boy found his mother.
96.当我到家的时候, 妹妹正在看电视。
__________I got home, my sister _______ __________TV.
97.当我正做饭时, 我切到手指了。While I ______ __________, I ______my finger.
98.他们正在努力地工作, 不是吗?
They are working hard, ________ _________?
99.自从你离开上海, 就没有见过王先生吗?
__________you ________Mr. Wang __________you left Shanghai?
100.我们希望在老师的帮助下, 很容易地完成作业。
We hope we can finish homework easily, ________ the teacher __________ us. 101.The meeting didn’t start ______everyone was there.
A. because
B. until
C. why
D. if
102.Tom will call me as soon as he ______Shanghai.
A. arrives
B. will reach
C. arrives in
D. get to
103.We ______TV when the telephone______.
A. watched; was ringing
B. were watching; rang
C. watch; rings
D. are watching; rang
104.I ______him since I began to live in the city.
A. know
B. have known
C. knew
D. will know
105.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ______ Father was
away in France.
A. as
B. that
C. during
D. if
106.______he had closed the door, he left the house.
A. Before
B. After
C. When
D. If
107.It was evening ______we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that
B. until
C. since
D. before
108.______I got back, I found my mother cooking for me.
A. When
B. Before
C. Since
D. Although
109.You’d better make a good plan ______you take a holiday.
A. before
B. during
C. until
D. after
110.Many people do not realize the importance of health ______they have fallen. A. until B. while C. when D. after
111.—The local living conditions(条件)have improved a lot ______China set up the city of Sansha.
—And more and more people would like to go there for business.
A. before
B. when
C. since
D. after
112.______the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.
A. When
B. If
C. While
D. Once
113.My mother bought me a sweater for my ______ birthday.
A. twelfth
B. twelve
C. the twelfth
九年级英语上册重点语法归纳总结
九年级英语重点语法 Unit 1 1. 动词不定式 (1)做定语—后置 The best way to learn English is reading aloud. The fastest way to travel is by plane (2)与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系 I need a pen to write with. I don’t have a partner to practice English with. I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in. 2. 动名词 (1)作主语（谓语为第三人称单数） Memorizing the words of pop songs also helps a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。Swimming is good for our health. (2)作宾语 在动词(keep\practice\finish \enjoy\hate\be busy\mind) 后只用—ing 作宾语 Eg. We should keep speaking English in class. He often practices singing in the morning. I have finished reading the book. Would you mind opening the door? (3) 作定语I think that doing a lot of listening practice is one of the secrets…… Unit 2 1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. 否定形式为: didn’t use to 或use not to / usedn’t to 疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或Used…to…? Eg. I used to be really quiet. I didn’t use to like tests. Did you use to play the piano? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t. =Use you to play the piano? Yes, I use. / No, I use not. You used to be short, didn’t you? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t. 2. wear 表示状态. put on 表示动作. dress + 人给某人穿衣服. 3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职. 4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句. Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了. 5. be terrified of 害怕的程度比be afraid of 深. 6. miss: ①思念, 想念例: I really miss the old days. ②错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
新人教版九年级英语全册知识点归纳
2017新人教版九年级英语全册知识点归纳 Unit 1 How can we become good learners? 短语总结: 1. good learners 优秀的学习者 2. work with friends 和朋友一起学习 3. study for a test 备考 4.have conversations with 与……交谈 5.speaking skills 口语技巧 6.a little 有点儿 7.at first 起初起先 8.the secret to......， .......的秘诀 9.because of 因为 10.as well 也 11.look up (在词典中等)查阅；抬头看 12.so that 以便，为了 13.the meaning of ……的意思 14.make mistakes 犯错误 15.talk to 交谈 16.depend on 依靠依赖 17.in common 共有的 18.pay attention to 注意关注 19.connect ……with ……把……联系 20.for example 例如 21.think about 考虑 22.even if 即使尽管纵容23.look for 寻找 24.worry about 担心担忧 25.make word cards 制作单词卡片 26.ask the teacher for help 向老师求助 27.read aloud 大声读 28.spoken english 英语口语 29.give a report 作报告 30.word by word 一字一字地 31.so……that 如此……以至于 32.fall in love with 爱上 33.something interesting 有趣的事情 34.take notes 记笔记 35.how often 多久一次 36.a lot of 许多 37.the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力 38.learning habits 学习习惯 39.be interested in 对……感兴趣 40.get bored 感到无聊 41.be good at 在……方面擅长 42.be afraid of 害怕 43.each other 彼此互相 44.instead of 代替而不是 二.用法集萃 1. by doing sth 通过做某事 2.it +be+adj+to do sth 做某事是……的 3.finish doing sth 完成某事 4.what about doing sth？做某事怎么样？ 5.try to do sth 尽力做某事 6.the +比较近，the+比较近越……，就越…… 7.find it+adj+to do sth 发现做某事 8.be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 9.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事10.practice doing sth 练习做某事 11.keep doing sth 一直做某事 12.be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 13.begin to do sth 开始做某事 14.want to do sth 想要做某事 15.need to do sth 需要做某事 16.remember to do sth 记得做某事 17.shoot 射（射着，射死等表结果） 18.shoot at（瞄准）射
九年级化学复习知识点整理
初三化学知识点总结 第1单元走进化学世界 1、化学是研究物质的组成、结构、性质以及变化规律的基础科学。 2、我国劳动人民商代会制造青铜器，春秋战国时会炼铁、炼钢。 3、绿色化学-----环境友好化学(化合反应符合绿色化学反应) ①四特点P6（原料、条件、零排放、产品）②核心：利用化学原理从源头消除污染 4、蜡烛燃烧实验（描述现象时不可出现产物名称） （1）火焰：焰心、内焰（最明亮）、外焰（温度最高） （2）比较各火焰层温度：用一火柴梗平放入火焰中。现象：两端先碳化；结论：外焰温度最高 （3）检验产物H2O：用干冷烧杯罩火焰上方，烧杯内有水雾 CO2：取下烧杯，倒入澄清石灰水，振荡，变浑浊 （4）熄灭后：有白烟（为石蜡蒸气），点燃白烟，蜡烛复燃。说明石蜡蒸气燃烧。 5、吸入空气与呼出气体的比较 结论：与吸入空气相比，呼出气体中O2的量减少，CO2和H2O的量增多 （吸入空气与呼出气体成分是相同的） 6、学习化学的重要途径——科学探究 一般步骤：提出问题→猜想与假设→设计实验→实验验证→记录与结论→反思与评价 化学学习的特点：关注物质的性质、变化、变化过程及其现象； 7、化学实验（化学是一门以实验为基础的科学） 一、常用仪器及使用方法 （一）用于加热的仪器－－试管、烧杯、烧瓶、蒸发皿、锥形瓶 可以直接加热的仪器是－－试管、蒸发皿、燃烧匙 只能间接加热的仪器是－－烧杯、烧瓶、锥形瓶（垫石棉网—受热均匀） 可用于固体加热的仪器是－－试管、蒸发皿 可用于液体加热的仪器是－－试管、烧杯、蒸发皿、烧瓶、锥形瓶 不可加热的仪器——量筒、漏斗、集气瓶 （二）测容器－－量筒 量取液体体积时，量筒必须放平稳。视线与刻度线及量筒内液体凹液面的最低点保持水平。 量筒不能用来加热，不能用作反应容器。量程为10毫升的量筒，一般只能读到0.1毫升。 （三）称量器－－托盘天平（用于粗略的称量，一般能精确到0.1克。） 注意点：（1）先调整零点 （2）称量物和砝码的位置为“左物右码”。 （3）称量物不能直接放在托盘上。 一般药品称量时，在两边托盘中各放一张大小、质量相同的纸，在纸上称量。潮湿的或具有腐 蚀性的药品（如氢氧化钠），放在加盖的玻璃器皿（如小烧杯、表面皿）中称量。 （4）砝码用镊子夹取。添加砝码时，先加质量大的砝码，后加质量小的砝码（先大后小） （5）称量结束后，应使游码归零。砝码放回砝码盒。 （四）加热器皿－－酒精灯 （1）酒精灯的使用要注意“三不”：①不可向燃着的酒精灯内添加酒精；②用火柴从侧面点燃酒精灯，不可用燃着的酒精灯直接点燃另一盏酒精灯；③熄灭酒精灯应用灯帽盖熄，不可吹熄。 （2）酒精灯内的酒精量不可超过酒精灯容积的2/3也不应少于1/4。 （3）酒精灯的火焰分为三层，外焰、内焰、焰心。用酒精灯的外焰加热物体。
九上英语知识点归纳大全
九年级英语Unit1 1. by + doing 通过……方式 如：by studying with a group by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、” “经过”、“乘车”等 如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o ’clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。 talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don ’t you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let ’s + do sth. 如： Let ’s go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too …to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth . 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud 与loudly 的用法 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud 是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud 没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son. 他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud 可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh 等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly 是副词,与loud 同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如： I like milk very much. I do n’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not 经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth. === be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如： The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束 如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先 . to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 也（用于否定句）常在句末 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。 13. laugh at sb . 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Don ’t laugh at me! 不要取笑我! 14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。 16. native speaker 说本族语的人 17. make up 组成、构成 18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一 如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。 19. It ’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事… 如：It ’s difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English 20. practice doing 练习做某事 如： She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。 21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如： LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。 22. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句 如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。 I won ’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写 23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem. 24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。 25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如： I was angry with her. 我对她生气。 26. perhaps === maybe 也许 27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。 28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生 see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如： 如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。 29. each other 彼此 30. regard … as … 把…看作为…. 如： The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。 31. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful 32. change … into … 将…变为… 如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。 33. with the help of sb. == with one ’s help 在某人的帮助下 如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下 34. compare … to … 把…与…相比 如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。 I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。 He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。
九年级化学基础知识点总结
九年级化学基础知识点总结 第一章开启化学之门 1、我国商代制造青铜器，春秋战国冶铁、炼钢。古代三大化学工业：火药、造纸、烧瓷器 2、绿色化学-----环境友好化学(化合反应符合绿色化学反应) 3、蜡烛燃烧实验（描述现象时不可出现产物名称） （1）火焰：焰心、内焰、外焰（温度最高） （2）比较各火焰层温度：用一火柴梗平放入火焰中。现象：两端先炭化； 结论：外焰温度最高 （3）检验产物H2O：用冷而干的烧杯罩火焰上方，烧杯内有水雾 CO2：用一内壁涂有澄清石灰水的烧杯罩在火焰上方，烧杯内壁变浑浊（4）熄灭后：有白烟（石蜡蒸气凝华成的固体小颗粒），点燃白烟，蜡烛复燃 4、吸入空气与呼出气体的比较：与吸入空气相比，呼出气体中O2的量减少，CO2和 H2O的量增多（吸入与呼出气体成分是相同的） 5、化学实验（化学是一门以实验为基础的科学） 一、常用仪器及使用方法 （一）可以直接 ．．加热的仪器是－－试管、蒸发皿、燃烧匙 只能间接 ．．加热的仪器是－－烧杯、烧瓶、锥形瓶（垫石棉网：受热均匀） 不可加热 ．．．．的仪器——量筒、集气瓶 （二）测体积－－量筒（没有零刻度，一般能精确到0.1mL） 量取液体体积时，量筒必须放平稳。读数时视线应与凹液面最低处相平。 若仰视，实际体积比读数大；若俯视，实际体积比读数小。 量筒不能用来加热，不能用作反应容器。 选择量筒时，应注意选择合适的量程（最接近且要大于所测体积）。 （三）称重量－－托盘天平（一般能精确到0.1克。） 注意点：（1）“左物右码”（若放反，则实际质量=砝码的质量—游码的质量）（2）一般药品称量时，在两边托盘中各放一张大小、质量相同的纸。 潮．湿的或具有腐蚀性 ．．．．．．．．的药品（如NaOH），放在玻璃器皿（如小烧杯、表面皿）中称量。 （4）添加砝码时，先大后小。称量定物质，先放物质；称量一定量物质，先放砝码。（四）加热器皿－－酒精灯 （1）酒精灯的使用要注意“三不”：①不可向燃着的酒精灯内添加酒精；②不可用燃着的酒精灯直接点燃另一盏酒精灯；③熄灭酒精灯应用灯帽盖灭，不可吹灭。 （2）酒精灯内的酒精量不可超过酒精灯容积的2/3也不应少于1/4。 （3）酒精灯的火焰分为三层，外焰、内焰、焰心。用酒精灯的外焰加热物体。 （4）如果酒精灯在燃烧时不慎翻倒，酒精在实验台上燃烧时，应及时用湿抹布扑灭火焰。（五）试管夹夹持试管时，应将试管夹从试管底部往上套；夹持部位在距试管口近1/3处； 用手拿住试管夹的长柄，不要把拇指按在短柄上。 （六）玻璃棒的作用： 搅拌、加速溶解；（溶解）引流；（过滤） 搅拌，使液体受热均匀，防止液滴飞溅；（蒸发）蘸取（测pH值）二、化学实验基本操作 （一）药品的取用
人教版九年级英语各单元知识点总结
九年级英语全册各单元知识点总结 Unit 1 How can we become good learners? 一、短语： 1.have conversation with sb. 同某人谈话 2.connect …with… 把…和…连接/联系起来 3.the secret to… ……的秘诀 4.be afraid of doing sth./to do sth. 害怕做某事 5.look up 查阅 6.repeat out loud 大声跟读 7.make mistakes in 在……方面犯错误8.get bored 感到厌烦 9.be stressed out 焦虑不安的10.pay attention to 注意；关注 11.depend on 取决于；依靠12.the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力 二、知识点： 1. by + doing：通过……方式（by是介词，后面要跟动名词，也就是动词的ing形式）； 2. a lot：许多，常用于句末； 3. aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。 ①aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。 ①loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用，多用于比较级， 须放在动词之后。 ①loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动词之前或之后。 4. not …at all：一点也不，根本不，not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾； 5. be / get excited about sth.：对…感到兴奋； 6. end up doing sth：终止/结束做某事；end up with sth.：以…结束； 7. first of all：首先（这个短语可用在作文中，使得文章有层次）； 8. make mistakes：犯错make a mistake 犯一个错误； 9. laugh at sb.：笑话；取笑（某人）（常见短语） 10. take notes：做笔记/记录； 11. native speaker 说本国语的人； 12. make up：组成、构成； 13. deal with：处理、应付； 14. perhaps = maybe：也许； 15. go by：（时间）过去； 16.each other：彼此； 17.regard… as … ：把…看作为…； 18.change… into…：将…变为…； 19. with the help of sb. = with one's help 在某人的帮助下（注意介词of和with，容易出题） 20. compare … to …：把…比作… compare with 拿…和…作比较； 21. instead：代替，用在句末，副词； instead of sth / doing sth：代替，而不是（这个地方考的较多的就是instead of doing sth，也就是说如果of后面跟动词时，要用动名词形式，也就是动词的ing形式） 22.Shall we/ I + do sth.? 我们/我…好吗？ 23. too…to：太…而不能，常用的句型是too+形容词/副词+ to do sth.
九年级化学基础知识清单
基础知识清单 (一)、物质颜色 红色固体：铜、氧化铁 暗紫色固体：高锰酸钾 黑色固体：碳、氧化铜、四氧化三铁、铁粉、二氧化锰 黄色固体：硫磺 蓝色溶液：硫酸铜等可溶性铜盐 黄色溶液：硫酸铁、氯化铁等可溶性铁盐 浅绿色溶液：硫酸亚铁、氯化亚铁溶液 不溶于水也不溶于酸的白色固体盐：硫酸钡、氯化银 不溶于水但溶于酸的白色固体物质：碳酸钙、碳酸钡等不溶性碳酸盐; 不溶性碱：蓝色氢氧化铜、红褐色氢氧化铁、白色氢氧化镁（都溶于酸）(二)、物质用途小结 CO2：气体：灭火、汽水、温室化肥、参与光合作用；干冰：人工降雨、致冷剂Ca(OH)2：建筑材料、改良酸性土壤、波尔多液、石硫合剂、漂白粉 CaCO3：建筑材料 CaO：食品干燥剂、建筑材料 NaCl：调味、防腐剂、腌渍食品、生理盐水(0.9%) CuSO4：农业杀菌剂、波尔多液、泳池消毒 Na2CO3：洗涤剂、做馒头去酸性物质并使其松软 NaOH：肥皂、石油、造纸、(固体可作干燥剂) O2：支持燃烧、供给呼吸(航天、登山、潜水、救病人，富氧炼钢) H2：清洁能源、冶炼金属 CO：能源、冶炼金属、煤气中毒 CH3COOH：调味、(厨房中可用其区别食盐和纯碱、除水垢、制无壳鸡蛋) NaHCO3：发酵粉的主要成分 C2H5OH：实验室常用到燃料 HCl（盐酸溶液）：帮助消化，除铁锈 (三)：物质俗称： CaO：生石灰 NaOH：火碱、烧碱、苛性钠Na2CO3：纯碱(不是碱) Ca(OH)2：熟石灰，消石灰 干冰：(不是冰)固体二氧化碳碳酸钠晶体：Na2CO3·10H2O苏打 大理石、石灰石的主要成份是CaCO3食盐的主要成分是NaCl 盐酸是氯化氢气体的水溶液 C2H5OH：酒精 (四)、物质之最： 密度最小的气体，最清洁的燃料：H2 相对分子质量最小的氧化物：H2O
九年级英语知识点归纳总结
九年级英语Unit1 How can we become good learners?知识点 【短语归纳】 1. have conversation with sb. 同某人谈话 2. too…to…太……而不能 3. the secret to………的秘诀 4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 5. look up 查阅 6. repeat out loud 大声跟读 7. make mistakes in 在……方面犯错误 8. connect ……with…把……和……连接/联系起来 9. get bored 感到厌烦 10. be stressed out 焦虑不安的 11. pay attention to 注意；关注 12. depend on 取决于；依靠 13. the ability to do sth.. 做某事的能力 【单元知识点】 1. by + doing ：通过……方式（by是介词，后面要跟动名词，也就是动词的ing形式） 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。 talk to sb= talk with sb 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 做…怎么样？ （about后面要用动词的ing形式，这一点考试考的比较多） 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做…？（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型）如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不做…？（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 让我们做…吧。（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如：Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 我们/我…好吗？ 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多,常用于句末。如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to :太…而不能 常用的句型：too+形容词/副词+ to do sth. 如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。 ①aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用，多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。 如：She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动词之前或之后。 如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不，根本不 如：I like milk very much,I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶，我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth. 对…感兴奋 9. ① end up doing sth : 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束（注意介词with） 如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先（这个短语可用在作文中，使得文章有层次） 11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也（用于肯定句）常在句末（它们三个的区分要清楚，尤其要知道用在什么句子中 以及各自的位置） 12. make mistakes 犯错如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 make a mistake 犯一个错误如：I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。 13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）（常见短语） 如：Don't laugh at me! 不要取笑我！ 14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做…（我不得不说，这是一个非常重要的考点…）如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快如： He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。 16. native speaker 说本族语的人 17. make up 组成、构成 18. one of +（the+ 形容词最高级）+名词复数形式: …其中之一（这一题主要考两点，一 是最高级，一是名词复数，大家做题的时候要小心） 如：She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。 19. It's +形容词+（for sb. ）to do sth :（对于某人来说）做某事… 如：It's difficult （for me ）to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English 20. practice doing 练习做某事如：（practice后面接动名词，这一点有可能考到） She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。 21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事（重要考点，大家需要记住decide后面跟的是不定时， 也就是to do）如： LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。 22. unless 假如不，除非:引导条件状语从句 如：You will fail unless you work hard .假如你不努力你会失败。 23. deal with 处理如：I dealt with a lot of problem. 24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。 25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 26. perhaps = maybe 也许 27. go by （时间）过去. 如：Two years went by. 两年过去了。 1
初三化学上册基础知识点总结
初三化学上册基础知识点总结 初中化学内容比较多，知识比较零散，老师在讲课时，着重围绕重点内容进行讲授，课后我们需要自己花时间来消化这些知识点。下面是为大家的初三化学重要的知识，希望对大家有用! 氧气的制法 1、氧气的实验室制法 (1)反应原理三种制取方法的比较 (2 )实验器材：铁架台(带铁夹)、酒精灯、试管(带橡皮塞)、导管、集气瓶、水槽等 (3 )实验操作以及注意事项 1.分子是保持化学性质的最小微粒。原子是化学变化中的最小微粒。 2.元素是具有相同核电荷数(即质子数)的同一类原子的总称。
3.分子和原子的主要区别是在化学反应中，分子可分，原子不可分。 4.元素的化学性质主要决定于原子的最外层电子数。 5.在原子中，质子数 = 核电荷数 = 核外电子数。 6.相对原子质量 = 质子数 + 中子数 7.镁离子和镁原子具有相同的质子数或核电荷数。 8.地壳中含量最多的元素是氧元素。最多的金属元素是铝元素。 9.决定元素的种类是质子数或核电荷数。 10.空气是由几种单质和几种化合物组成的混合物。 11.石油、煤、天然气都是混合物。 12.溶液都是混合物。例如：稀硫酸、食盐水、石灰水、盐酸等。 13.氧化物是由两种元素组成的，其中一种是氧元素的化合物。
14.化学变化的本质特征是有新物质生成。 15.燃烧、铁生锈、食物变质等都是化学变化。 16.化学反应的基本类型是化合反应、分解反应、置换反应、复分解反应。 17.金属活动性顺序表：K Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Sn Pb (H)Cu Hg Ag Pt Au 18.具有还原性的物质是H2、C、CO。其中属于单质的是C、H2。属于化合物的是CO。 19.燃烧、缓慢氧化、自燃的相同点是都是氧化反应。 20.在化学反应前后，肯定不变的是原子的种类和数目、元素的种类、反应前后物质的总质量。肯定变化的是物质的种类和分子的种类。 一、是化学式?
人教版九年级英语知识点总结
人教版九年级英语知识点总结 Unit 1 一、知识点 1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。 2.By: ①通过…..方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes. ②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door ③乘坐交通工具例：by bus/car ④在……之前,到……为止。例：by October在10月前 ⑤被例：English is spoken by many people. 3.how与what的区别： how通常对方式或程度提问,意思有：怎么样如何,通常用来做状语、表语。 what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问,意思为什么,通常做宾语,主语。 ①How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度做表语) ②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air. ③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects. ①What…think of…? How…like…? ②What…do with…? How…deal with…? ③What…like about…? How…like…? ④What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today? ⑤What to do? How to do it? e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book? I don’t know what I should do with the matter.=I don’t know how I should deal with it. What do you like about China?=How do you like China? I do n’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step? ㊣What good / bad weather it is today!（weather为不可数名词,其前不能加 a ） ㊣What a fine / bad day it is today! （day为可数名词,其前要加 a ） 4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法: 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。 如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 5. voice 指人的嗓音也指鸟鸣。 sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。 noise 指噪音、吵闹声 6. find + 宾语+ 宾补（名词形容词介词短语分词等） 例：I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden. We found him in bed. He found the window closed. We found her honest. 7. 常见的系动词有： ①是：am 、is、are ②保持：keep、stay ③转变：e、get、turn ④……起来feel、look、smell、taste、sound 8. get + 宾语+宾补（形容词过去分词动词不定式）使某种情况发生 例：Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净 让格林先生进来 I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车 You can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着 9. 动词不定式做定语 ①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系 ②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系 I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with. I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in. 10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 11. add 补充说又说 12. join 加入某团体并成为其中一员attend 出席参加会议或讲座 join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。
人教版九年级英语知识点归纳总结
九年级英语知识点归纳总结 Unit1 How can we become good learners? 【短语归纳】 1. have conversation with sb.同某人谈话 2. too…to… 太……而不能 3. the secret to… ……的秘诀 4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 5. look up 查阅 6. repeat out loud大声跟读 7. make mistakes in在……方面犯错误 8. connect ……with… 把……和……连接/联系起来 9. get bored 感到厌烦 10. be stressed out 焦虑不安的 11. pay attention to 注意；关注 12. depend on 取决于；依靠 13. the ability to do sth.. 做某事的能力 【单元知识点】 1. by + doing ：通过……方式（by是介词，后面要跟动名词，也就是动词的ing形式） 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。 talk to sb= talk with sb 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 做…怎么样？（about后面要用动词的ing形式，这一点考试考的比较多）如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做…？（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不做…？（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 让我们做…吧。（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如： Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 我们/我…好吗？ 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多 ,常用于句末。如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to :太…而不能，常用的句型：too + 形容词/副词+ to do sth. 如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。 ①aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。 ②loud adv./adj. 用作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用，多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。如：She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动词之前或之后。 如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不，根本不 如：I like milk very much,I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶，我一点也不喜欢咖啡。not 经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾。 8. be / get excited about sth. 对…感兴奋 9. ① end up doing sth : 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束（注意介词with） 如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先（这个短语可用在作文中，使得文章有层次） 11. also 也、而且，（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也（用于肯定句）常在句末（它们三个的区分要清楚，尤其要知道用在什么句子中以及各自的 位置）。 12. make mistakes 犯错如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 make a mistake 犯一个错误如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。 13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）（常见短语） 如：Don't laugh at me! 不要取笑我！ 14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…，乐意做… 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。 16. native speaker 说本族语的人 17. make up 组成、构成