雅思阅读同义替换总结(剑4-9)

阅读同义替换总结（剑4-9）

Cambridge 4 TEST 1

1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.

2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.

3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.

4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.

5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.

6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.

7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.

8. where=geographical location 表地点

9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.

10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.

11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.

12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.

13. where to live=habitat居住地n.

14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.

15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.

16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.

17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.

18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.

19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.

20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.

21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable 超常的，例外的adj.

22. mating=courtship交配.

23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.

24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力

25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one

=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.

26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.

27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.

28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.

29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.

Cambridge 4 TEST 2

1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.

2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the

increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.

3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.

4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.

5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.

6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人

7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.

8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的

9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not

work=do no good=fall through失败v.

10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.

11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.

12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.

13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.

14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.

15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.

16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个

17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.

18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.

19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.

20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abidi ng=incurable长期的adj.

21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨

22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.

23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.

24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good =wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.

25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.

26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.

27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.

28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随

29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.

30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.

31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.

32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.

33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.

34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴n.

35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.

36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.

37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.

38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的

39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.

40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.

41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.

42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.

43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.

Cambridge 4 TEST 3

1. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言

2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of

something 例证v.

3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through =throw/shed light on=set out解释v.

4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.

5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.

6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something =influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励v.

7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.

8. poverty= being poor贫穷n.

9. crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.

10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.

11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.

12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.

13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.

14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.

15. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive=determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.

16. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力

17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical;a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.

18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.

19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.

20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing

something=machine=device= robot = appliance = mechanism 机械n.

21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的adj.

22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.

23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.

24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.

25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.

26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight= come out=reappear 出现v.

27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.

28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.

29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you 自觉的n.

30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.

31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of

something=differing=varying=an assortment of something =assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something 各种各样的adj.

32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的adj.

33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.

34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查

35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察v.

36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement =declaration=observation评论

37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.

38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.

39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference =impact影响v.

40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots

in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.

41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n. Cambridge 4 TEST 4

1. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.

2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.

3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.

4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发

5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.

6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的adj.

7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.

8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.

9. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.

10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.

11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.

12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophistica ted=low-tech基本的adj.

13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something =type自然n.

14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.

15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.

16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.

17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real = lifelike =realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的

18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.

19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件n.

20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else

平等的adj.

21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.

22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.

23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.

24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.

25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.

26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.

27. realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious =know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到v.

28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制

29. produce=form=create=generate生产v.

30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word = swear = vow =commit to=pledge保证v.

31. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.

32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.

33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的adj.

34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skillful, as they really are低估v.

35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n. Cambridge 5 TEST 1

1. produce=develop=manufacture生产v.

2. central=middle中心的adj.

3. did not have=without没有v.

4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.

5. time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.

6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up= widen =intensify=build up增加

7. assistant=helper=coach 助手n.

8. immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous

=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.

9. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear =reflect =tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.

10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.

11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.

12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.

13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.

14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness=bug=virus=

be something wrong with 错误，缺点

15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.

16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.

17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.

18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.

19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.

20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.

21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷v.

22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.

23. expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.

24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理n.

25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.

26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.

27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.

28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.

29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.

30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.

31. prior to=before=previous在…前面

32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.

33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.

34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.

35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者

36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.

37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.

38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.

39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.

40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.

41. exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.

42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.

43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.

44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.

45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.

46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.

47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.

48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉n.

49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.

50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.

51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.

52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.

53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的adj.

54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力

Cambridge 5 TEST 2

1. similar=like=resemble相似的adj.

2. derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.

3. impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动n.

4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.

5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.

6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.

7. unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.

8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.

9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.

10. alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.

11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如

12. resource=material=source资源，来源n.

13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.

14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.

15. current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.

16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.

17. draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.

18. settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.

19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.

20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.

21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.

22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.

23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.

24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.

25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.

26. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.

27. instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.

28. react=respond 反应v.

29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系

30. subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.

31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.

32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.

33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.

34. emerge=appear=come forth出现v.

35. remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.

36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.

37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.

38. overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.

39. initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.

40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.

Cambridge 5 TEST 3

1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.

2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.

3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.

4. supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.

5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.

6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.

7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.

8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.

9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.

10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.

11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.

12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.

13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.

14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.

15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.

16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.

17. process=procedure=method=approach过程n.

18. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.

19. valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.

20. construct=build=make=found 建造v.

21. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.

22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.

23. long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.

24. impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.

25. occur=happen=exist=come发生v.

26. contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.

27. military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.

28. separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.

29. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.

30. consciousness=awareness 意识n.

31. ignite=light=inflame点燃v.

32. encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.

33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.

34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.

35. launch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.

36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.

37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的

38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.

39. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.

Cambridge 5 TEST 4

1. community=organization=group=body团体n.

2. fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.

3. remote=distant 遥远的adj.

4. require=desire=order=command要求v.

5. inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.

6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.

7. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.

8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.

9. operate=act=run运转v.

10. output=product输出，产品n.

11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.

12. 12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.

13. revive=renaissance复兴v.

14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.

15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.

16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.

17. break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.

18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.

19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.

20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.

21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit = ban =forbid=stifle 压制v.

22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.

23. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.

24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.

25. detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.

26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.

27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.

28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.

29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为

30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.

31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.

32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾

33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.

34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=

make certain of保证，确保v.

35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.

Cambridge 6 TEST 1

1. exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.

2. expertise=skill 专门技术n.

3. employ=analyze=study 使用v.

4. investigation=analysis 调查n.

5. narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.

6. reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.

7. funded support=finance 资金n.

8. athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.

9. calculate=measure 计算v.

10. event=championship 赛事n.

11. plan=prepare=design 计划v.

12. improve=grow=get better 进步v.

13. trade=economy 贸易n.

14. transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.

15. local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.

16. weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.

17. value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.

18. delivery=export or import 运输n.

19. nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.

20. international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.

21. shipping=freight 船运n.

22. cargo=freight=goods 货物n.

23. tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.

24. landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景n.

25. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.

26. essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.

27. supply=provision=support 供给n.

28. grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.

29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.

30. understanding=knowledge 了解n.

31. well-being=health 健康n.

32. impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.

33. catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.

34. surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.

35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限

36. not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的

37. present inhabitant=descendant 居民

38. give up=abandon 放弃

39. mainly=heavily=most 主要地

40. visit=venture 参观

Cambridge 6 TEST 2

1. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.

2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.

3. commute=travel 通勤v.

4. higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.

5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.

6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.

7. together=face to face 共同

8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.

9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.

10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.

11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的

12. limited=minimal 有限的adj.

13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移

14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明

15. related=associated 有关联的adj.

16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.

17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.

18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.

19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.

20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.

21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.

22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.

23. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.

24. elderly people=old people 老人n.

25. independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.

26. regular=daily 定期的adj.

27. exercise=physical activity 运动n.

28. challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.

29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.

30. lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.

31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.

32. restricted=limited 有限的adj.

33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.

34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.

35. early=older 早期的adj.

36. fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.

37. sufficient=enough 足够的adj.

38. quantity=how many=amount 数量n.

39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.

40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.

41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.

42. newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.

43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.

Cambridge 6 TEST 3

1. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.

2. actor=star 演员n.

3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.

4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.

5. globe=world 世界n.

6. early=first=ancient 早期的adj.

7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝

8. describe=tell 描述v.

9. realistic=achievable 现实的adj.

10. target=goal=aim 目标n.

11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.

12. match to=suit to 合适

13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.

14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with =relate to 联系起来

15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.

16. remuneration=payment 酬金n.

17. tend to=prone to 倾向于

18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.

19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.

20. staff=employee=worker 员工n.

21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.

22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.

23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.

24. job=work=assignment 工作n.

25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.

26. growing old=aging 变老

27. people=mortal=people=individual 人n.

28. life=lifespan 生命

29. chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck

机会n.

30. production=generation=output 产量n.

31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.

32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于

33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.

Cambridge 6 TEST 4

1. drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.

2. promotion=marketing 营销n.

3. increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.

4. research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.

5. work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect =happen=turn out 奏效v.

6. technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.

7. criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.

8. moral=ethical 道德的adj.

9. legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.

10. money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.

11. adults=men and women 成人n.

12. maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.

13. education=literacy=cultivation 教育n.

14. child=infant=kid 孩子n.

15. approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.

16. impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.

17. programme=campaign=project 项目n.

18. common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.

19. be halved=decline by 50% 减半

20. key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.

21. produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.

22. detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.

23. on its own=alone 自身

24. however=but=yet 但是

25. self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.

26. effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.

27. distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v. Cambridge 7 TEST 1

1. rely on=depend on 依靠v.

2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.

3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.

4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.

5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.

6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v.

7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算v.

8. detection=finding=observation 探测n.

9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.

10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.

11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.

12. downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的adj.

13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的adj.

14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地adv.

15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为

16. decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.

17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的adj.

18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前

19. demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的adj.

20. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的adj.

21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认v.

22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似v.

23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致

24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的

25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理v.

26. imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿v.

27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持v.

28. feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食v.

29. illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明v.

30. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆v.

31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的v.

32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到v.

33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持v.

34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信v.

35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的adj. Cambridge 7 TEST 2

1. interior=inner=inside 内部的adj.

2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变v.

3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立v.

4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员n.

5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的adj.

6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌v.

7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭v.

8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收v.

9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的adj.

10. purify=refine=distill 净化v.

11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的adj.

12. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.

13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏v.

14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出v.

15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论v.

16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应v.

17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起v.

18. refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提到v.

19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同v.

20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求n.

21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开v.

22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成

23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍v.

24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标n.

25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行v.

26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进v.

27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告v.

28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔n.

29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入n.

Cambridge 7 TEST 3

1. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因n.

2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量v.

3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道n.

4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外v.

5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的

6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在v.

7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制v.

8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界n.

9. allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能

10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议n.

11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的adj.

12. odour=smell=stench=stink 味道n.

13. find one's way=navigate 导航v.

14. bearing=position=standing 方位n.

15. exchange=share=distribute 分享v.

16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物n.

17. dental=teeth 牙齿的adj.

18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先n.

19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励v.

20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索v.

21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素n.

22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养v.

23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变v.

24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化v.

25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护v.

26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.

27. allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配v.

28. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.

29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的adj.

30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高

31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的adj.

32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的

33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据n.

34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的adj.

Cambridge 7 TEST 4

1. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的

2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的adj.

3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像v.

4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人n.

5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过v.

6. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降n.

7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止v.

8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的adj.

9. establish=found=build=set up 建立v.

10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功

11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge承认v.

12. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签，命名v.

13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应v.

14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误n.

15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.

16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的adj.

17. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的adv.

18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前adv.

19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用v.

20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为

21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升v.

22. in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外

23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民n.

24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败n.

25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立

26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证v.

27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助v.

28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认v.

29. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可v.

30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰v.

31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复v.

32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止v.

33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰v.

34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的adj.

35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发v.

36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的adj.

37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的adj.

38. require=demand=need=call for 要求v.

39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳n.

40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示v.

41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注v.

42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产v.

43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行v.

44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行v.

Cambridge 8 TEST 1

1. agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go with v.同意

2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法

3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性

4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思

5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what will happen in the future n.通灵学

6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance 环境

7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变

8. trial=experiment=test n.实验

9. success rate=positive result = achievement = progress = breakthrough =accomplishment n.成就

10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell v.认出，识别

11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制

12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的

13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置

14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap

寒冷的

15. farming=agriculture n.农业

16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的

17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的

18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up = conceive =coin=dream up v.创造

19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的

20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v. 分开

21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革命的

22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发明

23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调

24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动

25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难

26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to do something=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v. 导致

27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似

28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj. 过于简化的，不完整的

29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度

30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域

31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候

32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类

33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建

34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光

35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，进化

36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机

37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的

38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市

39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆

40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的

41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从

Cambridge 8 TEST 2

1. drastically : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地

2. carry out : subject to : 使服从

3. remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still v.保持

4. detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware / conscious = note =conserve=perceive v.检查

5.fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with n.缺陷，缺点

6. enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的

7. main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant =core adj.主要的:

8. documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明

9. shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换

10. consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的

11. drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.干旱的

12. period=cycle=era=age n.年代

13. random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的

14. molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的

15. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的

16. discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现

17. pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易

18. relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系

19. feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉

20. unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的

21. difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的

22. study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究

23. smell=odour=scent n.气味

24. interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解

25. define=distinguish=tell the difference v.使明确

26. damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害

27. realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in = strike =hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到

28. reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take a look v.显示

29. to be defined=unanswered 无答案的

30. husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds夫妇

31. linguistic=language n.语言

32.describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about =give an account of=tell of v.描述

33. lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的

34. do not smell=odorless 没有气味的

35. regard as=consider to 把…认作

36. unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice = nasty adj.极讨厌的

37. certain=some=a measure of adj.一些

38. correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致

39. relevance n.关联

40. float=afloat v.浮动

Cambridge 8 TEST 3

1. building=property=construction n.建筑

2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持

3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助

4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦

5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成

6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导

7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光

8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的

9. test in real=field test 实地测试

10. genius=giftedness / talent / intellectual=intelligence = brains = brilliant =wisdom n.天才

11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承

12. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something well n.才能，技能

13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少

14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性

15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成

16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制

17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的

18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的

19. life span=duration of life 寿命

20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟

21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长

22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则

23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的

24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存

25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的

26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing n.有机的Cambridge 8 TEST 4

1. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学

2. format=pattern n.格式

3. less successful student=struggler 差等生

4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键

5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就

6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的

7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的

8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精心的

9. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助

10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labor n.努力

11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确

12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱

13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗

14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出

15. innate=built-in adj.先天的

16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力

17. entail=involve v.包含

18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统

19. feed on=prey on 以…为食

20. blight=plague v.破坏

21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除

22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨

23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v.对比

24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别

25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfect match

/pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited adj.兼容的

26. specimen=individual n.标本

27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器

28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的

29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地

30. pitfall=trap n.陷阱

31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介入

32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops n.杀虫剂

33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂

Cambridge 9 TEST 1：

1. recognise one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived

2. enrol in a school/attend a school

3. sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune

4. Immediately understand/instant recognition

5. refer to/ known as

6. consult/ ask advice of

7. now/ current/present/happening

8. transmission/ sending information

9. response/ reply

10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research

11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate

12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of

13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest

14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as

15. promptly/ immediately/instantly

16. migrant/ migrate/ migration

17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former

18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration

19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want

20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found

21. determine/ decide

22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure

23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy

24. indicate/demonstrate /disclose /display /exhibit/express/hint/imply/point out/present/reveal/show/signify/suggest

Cambridge 9 TEST 2：

1. Initiative/initiate/ launch/ pioneer/ introduce/ develop

2. National policy/ New Zealand strategy

3. Global/international

4. Team effort/ institutional working party

5. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential

6. Suitable/appropriate

7. Worldwide regulations/ international standard

8. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease

9. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable

10. Auditory problems/hearing loss

11. Study/carry out research

12. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine

13. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children

14. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices

15. Cooling systems/ air-conditioning/mechanical means of ventilation

16. Different/distinct/varied/reverse

17. Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart

18. Potential/future/be expected to be/possible/likely

19. Fail to do/never/not/unable to do