高考英语完型常用词

高考英语完型常考词汇：

动词类：

1“看”

look看的动作/ see看的结果;

watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察;

Notice注意catch sight of看见/stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看

Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见see a film watch TV

2“说”

telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容

talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流

Say sth诉说的内容

speak in English说的语言

whisper sth to sb 耳语

Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事

reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

Bargain讨价还价

chat聊天repeat重复explain解释warn警告remind提醒Discuss 讨论debate辩论

figure 指出declare宣布claim自称mention 提起admit 承认deny 否绝describe描述announce 公布introduce 介绍complain抱怨

3“叫”cry哭叫call叫shout大喊scream尖叫moan呻吟sigh叹气quarrel大吵

4“问”ask 询问interview 采访express表达question审问

5“答”answer回答respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复

6 “听”listen to听的动作hear听的结果pick up收听overhear无意听到

7“写”dictate听写write sth 写describe描写drop a line 写信draw画take down/write down写下，记下

8“拿/放”take拿走bring拿来hold举着carry扛，挑（无方向性）fetch拿来拿去lift 举

Put放lay 铺/放置pull拉/push推

9“抓”take hold of 抓着seize紧抓grasp 握住scratch 抠

10“打”hit一次性的打击beat不间断的打击strike突然的击打/突然想到blow吹刮attack 攻击

11“扔”throw扔drop掉放弃错过fall 倒下无意掉下来wave 招手shake摇

12“送”send寄送deliver递送give给offer 主动给予see off给某人送行

13“摸/抱”touch摸/fold折叠/embrace拥抱/ hug抱/hold 握in one’s arms

14“踢/碰”kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲

15“坐”sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠

16“行”walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳slip溜come/go enter进入move搬迁

drive开车ride 骑fly crawl 匍匐前进

17“睡/休息”lie /on one’s back/ on one side/ on one’s stomach stay in bed have a rest take a nap 打盹be asleep bend turn over翻身rest

18“笑”smile 微笑（不出声）laugh burst into laughter burst out laughing

19“哭”cry shed tears 留泪weep呜咽地哭sob抽泣burst into tears /burst out crying

20“找/查”find找到look for正在找过程find ---volleyball/soccer/

26衣服clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数；cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of27事件incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故

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形容词类：

1人的各种感受

乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused

悲sad unhappy painful bitter

平静calm quiet silent/still peaceful

烦bother bored be fed up with

震惊surprised astonished shocked /amazed

怕in fear be frightened /scared /afraid

失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed

满意be satisfied with /be content to do

生气Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage

2 表程度的副词类

narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite

Accidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by far Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus

形容词类：

1人的各种感受

乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused

悲sad unhappy painful bitter

平静calm quiet silent/still peaceful

烦bother bored be fed up with

震惊surprised astonished shocked /amazed

怕in fear be frightened /scared /afraid

失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed

满意be satisfied with /be content to do

生气Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage

2 表程度的副词类

narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite

Accidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by far Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus

易考的近义词组Run/ manage

grow/ plant

leave/remain

fit/ suit/ match

Hit/ beat/strike

meet/ satisfy

touch /feel

play /performer

Contain/ hold /seat/ fill

lie/sit/locate

help/work/ do

Fall/ sink/ drop

matter/ problem /trouble/

money/ account

Cause/ reason

that’s why/ that’s because

because/ since,as/ for

Last/ continue

keep/ stay

treat/ cure/ operate

separate/ divide

Stand/ bear/tolerate/hold

turn/become/go

change/vary/range

Provide/supply/offer/ give/send

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高考英语常用连词：

（1），表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…, neither…nor…, or, as well as, and, both…and….

（2），表因果关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to等。

（3），表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first time, the minute.

（4），表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time等。

（5），表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for example, for instance, and so on, etc,

and the like, and what not等。

（6），表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what’s more, what’s worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。

（7），表总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等

1)表层次: first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place

second,secondly, to start with, still, furthermore

third,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least

also, and then, next, besides

and equally important too moreover

besides in addtion finally

2)表转折；by contrast although though yet

at the same time but despitethe fact that even so

in contrast nevertheless even though for all that

notwithstanding on the contarary however in spite of

on the other hand otherwise instead still

regardless

3)表因果；therfore consequently because of for the reason

thus hence due to owing to

so accordingly thanks to on this account

since as on that account in this way

for as a result as a consequence

4）表让步：still nevertheless concession granted naturally

in spite of all the same of course despite

even so after all

5)表递近：furthermore moreover likewise what is more

besides also not only...but also...

too in addtion

6)表举例：for example for instance for one thing that is

to illustrate as an illustration a case in point

7)表解释：as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely

in other words

8)表总结：in summary in a word thus as has been said

in brief in conclusion altogether in other words

to conclude in fact finally in simpler terms

indeed in short in particular that is

in other words of course on the whole to put it differently namely in all therefore to summarize 注意

1. 对等连接词and可连接两个动词，意思是"而且，并且"。

Hey, a pet shop. Let's go in and have a look.

嘿，宠物商店。进去看看。

2. 对等连接词and可连接两个名词或代名词；"和"。

My friend and I want to buy a pet.

我的朋友和我想买个宠物。

3. 连接词after连接子句，意思是"在…之后"。

Why don't we do it after we have finished shopping?

我们为什么不买完东西后再去？

4. 连接词before连接子句，意思是"在…之前"。

No, I have to buy a pet before you use up all the money.

不，我得在你把钱花完之前买个宠物。

5. 连接词for连接表原因的子句；"因为…"。

I think this way, for I had the similar experience before.

我这么想，因为我以前有过相似的经历。

6. 连接词therefore连接表结果的句子，"所以…"；that连接形容词子句。

Therefore, this time I must buy things that I like first.

所以，这次我必须先买我喜欢的东西。

7. 连接词if连接表示假设的子句，"如果…"。

Ok, I'll go with you if you promise not to use up all the money.

好吧，如果你保证不把钱花光我就和你去。

8. 连接词but连接表示转折的句子，意思是"但是…；而…"。

A cat? But we've already got one.

猫？但我们已经有一只了。

9. 连接词because连接表示原因的句子，意思是"因为…"。

You have to buy the two together, because this one is that one's interpreter.

不行，你得两只一起买,因为这只是那只的翻译。

10. 连接词neither…nor连接两代名词，意思是"既不...也不..."。

Neither he nor I like a dog.

他和我都不喜欢狗。

11. 连接词why连接名词子句，意思是"为何…"。

I wonder why you think this way.

搞不懂你为何这么想。

12. 连接词whether连接名词子句，意思是"是否"。

I wonder whether you can help us.

不知道你是否能帮我们。

13. what连接名词子句，相当于all that。

Ha, parrots! This is what I want.

哈，鹦鹉！这是我要的东西。

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一．高级词汇

1．occur 替换think of

Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. →

An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.

It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.

2．devote替换spend

He spends all his spare time in reading. →

He devotes all his spare time to reading.

3．seek替换want / look for

They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.

4．average 替换ordinary

I’m an average ( ordinary ) student.

5．but替换very

The film we saw last night was very interesting. →

The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.

The film we saw last night was anything but boring.

6．seat 替换sit

On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried. 7．suppose 替换should

He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.

8．appreciate 替换thank

Thank you very much for you help. →

We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.

9．the case替换true

I don’t think it is the case ( true ).

10．on替换as soon as

As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →

On his arrival, he began his research..

11．due to替换because of

He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm.

12．cover替换walk/read

After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.

13．contribute to替换be helpful/useful

Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →

Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.

14．round the corner 替换coming soon/ nearby

①The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans?

②Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).

15．come to light替换discover

The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →

The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.

16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself

After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).

17．come up with替换think of

Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.

18．set aside替换save

Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)

19．be of + n. 替换adj.

The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.

20．refer to 替换talk about/of, mention

The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.

21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do

I could not but (had to) go home.

22．more often than not替换usually

More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.

23．lest替换so that /in order that

I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →

I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.

24．be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for

I want to see you very much. →

I am long to see you.

25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps

26．more than替换very

①I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →

I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.

②If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.

27．perfect (ly) 替换good/ very well

He speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).

28．do sb a/the favor 替换help

Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?

29．the other day替换a few days ago

The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.

30．in the course of替换during

In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.

31．the majority of替换most

The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. 32．consist of替换be made up of

Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.

33．be worn out替换be tired / broken

①After five hours’non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired).

②My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.

34．become of替换happen

What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?

35．attend to替换look after

36．on condition that替换as long as

37．nevertheless替换however

38．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with

39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do

40．many a 替换many

41．be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing

42．a handful of替换a little / some

43．meanwhile替换at the same time

44．get to one’s feet替换stand up

45．beneath替换under

46．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while

47．for instance替换for example

48．seldom替换not often

49．wealthy替换rich

50．amazing替换surprising 51．as a matter of fact 替换in fact

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二．高级句型结构

◆It句型

①It will be + some time + before…

It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.

②It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.

It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.

He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.

③It is + 被强调部分+ that…

1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.

2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.

◆more …than any other 表示最高级

Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else.

◆名词从句

①It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.

②My hometown is no longer what it used to be.

◆（非限制性）定语从句

①The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→

The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.

②It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.

◆分词结构

①I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework

and attending classes as well.

②We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.

③Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.

④Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.

◆with结构

①A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured.

②He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.

◆倒装句

①The library is to the east of the teaching building. →

East of the teaching building is the library.

②Although we are tired, we are happy.→

Tired as we are, we are happy.

③Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)

④May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!

◆被动语态

①Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002)

②All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students.

③New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷)

◆巧妙的改写

（1）Only 改成no one but

Only Tom passed the exam last week. →No one but Tom passed the exam.

（2）as soon as …改成No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…

The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.

（3）have sb/sth do/done

The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).

（4）变换插入语的位置

①However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →

They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002)

②I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →

This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese.

(5) 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句

Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→

Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.

Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read

all over the world.

◆其它

（1）注重句子的开头

①用with复合结构开头

With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.

With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006年湖南卷）

With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.

②用非谓语动词形式开头

ⅰ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.

ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.

（2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）

◆相关过渡语

1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last…

2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…

3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…

4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…

5). 表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of…

6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…

7). 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude…====================================================================== =================

50个经典句型总结：

1、as 句型：

(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……；正如……”

例：We do farm work as the old peasant teaches us.

As (it is) in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。

(2) as＋形容词／副词原级＋（a ／an）＋名词＋as ;

否定式：not as/so --- as

例：He is as good a player as his sister．

他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。

(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……

例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.

她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。

(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……

例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.

他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。

(5) such --- as---象……之类的……（接名词或定语从句）

例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.

他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。

(6) the same ＋名词＋as 和……一样的……（接名词或定语从句）

例：He is not the same man as he used to be 他不是从前的那样子了。

(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句

例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。

(8)引导时间状语从句。与while意义相近

例：We get wiser as we get older. 随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。

(9) 引导原因状语从句，与because的用法相近

例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.

因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。

(10) 引导让步状语从句

例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.

尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。

2、prefer 句型：

(1) prefer to do sth

例：I prefer to stay at home.我宁愿呆在家里。

(2) prefer doing sth

例：I prefer playing in defence.我喜欢打防守。

(3) prefer sb to do sth

例：Would you prefer me to stay?你愿意我留下来吗？

(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth……宁愿…...而不愿.…".

例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out

我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.

(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth

例：I prefer watching football to playing it.

我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。

(6) prefer sth to sth 例：I prefer tea to coffee.我要茶不要咖啡。

3、when 句型：

(1) be doing sth ---- when ---

例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。

(2) be about to do sth --- when ---

例：We were about to start when it began to rain.

我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。

(3) had not done sth --- when ---/ hardly --- when ---

例：He had not fallen asleep when the telephone rang.

他刚要入睡电话就响了。

(4) had just done ---- when ---

例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.

在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。

4、seem 句型：

(1) It +seems + that从句

例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.看来好像每个人都很满意。(2) It seems to sb that ---

例：It seems to me that she is right.我看她是对的，

(3) There seems to be ----

例：There seems to be a heavy rain.看上去要有一场大雨。

(4) It seems as if ----

例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.看样子她不能来上课了。

5、表示“相差……；增加了……；增加到……”句型：

(1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸

(2) There is one year between us. 我们之间相差一岁。

(3)She is three years old than I她比我大三岁。

(4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他们把价格上涨了50%

6、what 引导的名词性从句

(1) what 引导主语从句

例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her. 让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡.

[ indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]

(2) what 引导宾语从句

例：We can learn what we do not know. 我们能学会我们不懂的东西。(3) what 引导表语从句

例：That is what I want.那正是我所要的。

(4) what 引导同位语从句

例：I have no idea what they are talking about. 我不知道他们正在谈论什么.

7、too句型：

(1) too...to do sth．

例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians．

（＝Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians．）

政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。

(2) only too --- to do sth

例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.我要回到家里就非常高兴。

(3) too + adj + for sth

例：These shoes are much too small for me.我穿这双鞋太小了。

(4) too + adj + a + n.

例：This is too difficult a text for me.这篇课文对我来说太难了。

(5)can't …too +形容词无论……也不为过

例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过

8、where句型：

(1) where 引导的定语从句

例：This is the house where he lived last year. 这就是他去年住过的房子。

(2) where 引导的状语从句

例：Where there is a will，there is a way．有志者事竟成。

He left his key where he could find．他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。

I will go where I want to go．我要去我想去的地方。

(3) where引导的表语从句

例：This is where you are wrong.这正是你错的地方。

注：引导状语从句的where= 介词+the place where （定语从句）例：Go where(ver) you are most needed.到最需要你的地方去

9、wish 句型

(1) wish that sb did sth希望某人现在做某事

例：I wish I were as strong as you. 我希望和你一样强壮。

(2) wish that sb had done sth希望某人过去做某事

例：I wish you had told me earlier要是你早点告诉我就好了。

(3) wish that sb would/could do sth希望某人将来做某事例：I wish you would succeed this time. 我希望你这次会成功

10、would rather 句型：

(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……

例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.

她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。

(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事

例：I would rather have taken his advice.我宁愿过去接受他的意见。

(3) would rather sb had done sth宁愿某人过去做过某事

例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.

我真希望通过上星期的考试

(4) would rather sb did sth宁愿某人现在或将来做某事

例：Who would you rather went with you? 你宁愿谁和你一起去？

11、before 句型：

(1) before sb can/ could …某人还没来得及……

例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me．

我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸

(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……

例：It will be 4 years before he graduates. 他还有四年时间变毕业了。

(3) had done some timebefore（才……）

例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。

(4)had not done --- before ---不到……就……

例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。

(5) It was not +一段时间+ before不多久就……

例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country. 还没到两年他们离开了那国家。

12、强调句型：

(1) It is ／was ＋被强调部分＋that（who）...

例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday．

是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。

(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分+ that (who) ...

例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?

在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗？

(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词+ is/was it that ...

例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?

明天你究竟怎样去看望她？

(4) do +谓语动词（强调谓语）例：They do know the place well. 他们的确很熟悉那个地方

13、用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型：

(1) should like to/ would like to/ would love to have done sth.

例：You should like to have written to your mother.

你本应当给你母亲写信。

(2) was / were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么）

例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.

Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。

(3) was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原来的计划和安排

例：Lily was going to have cleaned her bedroom, but she had no time.

Lily 原打算清理她的卧室，但她没时间。

(4) expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish ...

常用过去完成时态,在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；

或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望

例：She had supposed him to be very rich.她原以为他很有钱。

(5) wish that …had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望．

例：I wish he had been here yesterday. 要是他昨天在这儿就好了。

(6) 情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，

表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情．

should have done =ought to have done本应该做而没做

would have done = 本来就会去做某事而没做

could have done = 本可以做某事而没做

might have done本可以做而没做例：They ought to have apologized.他们本该道歉的。

14、倍数句型：

(1)倍数＋比较级＋than...，

例：The room is twice larger than that one．这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。

There is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark.

(2)倍数＋as＋原级＋as...，

例：The room is three times as large as that one．

这个房间是那个房间的三倍。

(3)倍数＋the size ／height／length ／weight ／width of...

例：The room is three times the size of that one．这个房间是那个房间的3倍大

15、It is ------ that ---- 句型

(1) It is ＋名词＋从句

It is a fact/an honour ---that+陈述语气从句

例：It is a fact that the earth moves around the sun.

地球围绕太阳转是事实。

It is a pity/shame/no wonder that+ 虚拟语气从句

例：It is a pity that he should not come. 他若不来可真是遗憾。

(2) It is ＋形容词＋从句

It is natural/important/necessary/strange that + 虚拟语气从句

例：It is important that enough money be collected to fund the project.

重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。

It is obvious/apparent/clear that+ 陈述语气从句

例：It is clear that she doesn't like the dress at all.

这很清楚她一点儿也不喜欢这条裙子。

(3) It ＋过去分词＋从句

It is generally/commonly believed /accepted/thought/heldthat ...

+陈述语气从句

例：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

It is suggested/ordered/desired/requested/decided that +虚拟语气从句

例句：It is suggested that we should hold a meeting next week.

建议我们下周开上会。

16、It ＋不及物动词＋从句

(1) It seems that

例：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.

看来Alice根本就不准备来参加聚会了。

(2) It happened that...……很偶然.

例：It happened that I won the football lottery last week.

我上星期偶然中了足彩

(3) It occurred to sb that...

例句：It suddenly occurred to me thatI knew how to solve that problem.

我突然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题.

(4) It appears that.... 例：It appears that Tom might change his mind.看来汤姆会改变主意

17、比较句型：

(1)原级比较：

例：English is not so difficult a subject as Russia.

英语不是和像俄语一样难的科目。

Their bones are not as thick as adults’.

他们的骨头和成年人的不一样厚。

(2)一方超过另一方：

例：The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year.

今年的气候比上一年的气候要热得多。

(3)一方不如另一方：

例：The restoration was so bad that it made some of the buildings less secure than they had been before.

修复工作是如此的糟，以致于它使得一些建筑没有以前安全了。

(4) The + -er + S + V, --- the + -er + S + V ---

The + more + Adj + S + V, --- the + more + Adj + S + V ---

（愈...愈...）

例：The harder you work, the more progress you make.

你愈努力，你愈进步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

(5) more…. than…与其说…倒不如说

例：Smith is more diligent than intelligent.

与其说Smith聪明倒不如说他勤奋。

(6) no +形容词比较级+ than = as +形容词的反义词+as

例：I am no better at English than you. 我的英语不比你好。

(7) that 在前后比较中代替不可数名词和特指的单数可数名词

例：The traditional picture of St Nicholas is quite different from that

of Father Christmas.

(8) one 在前后比较中代替泛指的单数可数名词。

例：I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Nanjing, because I want to live near

my Mom's. 与南京相比我更喜欢在北京有一套公寓，因为我想跟我妈妈住一起。

(9) those 在前后比较中代替特指的复数可数名词。

例：Salaries are higher here than those in my country.

这儿的工资比我们国家的高。

(10) ones 在前后比较中代替泛指的复数可数名词

例：Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact far more serious ones than mobile phones do.汽车确实给我们的身体健康带来问题，事实上比手机造成的问题更严重

18、感叹句型：

(1) What a + Adj + N + S + V!

例：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

信守我们的诺言是多么的重要啊！

(2) How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！）

例：How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事！

(3) How + S + V!

例句：How I want to go to Beijing. 我多么想去北京啊！

19、表法猜测的句型：

(1) must have done sth 一定做过某事否定形式：can't have done

例：She must have come here last night. 她一定是昨晚来的。

She can't have gone there她不可能到那儿去。

(2) may have done sth可能做过某事否定形式：may not have done

例：Philip may have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

Philip 可能在这次车祸中伤得很严重。

(3) might have done sth 或许做过某事否定形式: might not have done

例：She might have known what the bottle contained.

她或许知道这个瓶子里装的是什么。

(4) should have done sth 估计已经做了某事

否定形式：should not have done

例：She should have arrivedin her office by now.她此刻估计已经到达办公室了。

20、动词不定式常用句型：

(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.

某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事.

例句：It took me years of hard work to speak good English.

为了讲一口流利的英语,我花了多年时间刻苦操练.

(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth

例：Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to break away from the

Union.林肯说南方脱离联邦是不对的。

It was careless of Tom to break the cup.

(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……别无选择.

例句：We had no choice but to take a taxi for we'd missed the last bus.

由于错过了最后一班公共汽车,除了乘坐的士,我们别无选择.

(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.

例：lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most

important thing in life.

上课迟到不像吉姆的一贯作风,他把时间看作是生命中最重要的.

(5) ...．形容词／副词＋enough to do sth．

例：I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa.．

(6) It pays to + V --- （...是值得的。）

例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。

(7) It cost sb some time/money to do sth

例：It must cost a good deal to live here.住这儿一定会花很多钱的。

(8) do all he could to do sth

do what he could to do sth

do everything he could to do sth

例：They were doing everything they could to help the fatherland.

他们在尽最大努力去帮助祖国。

(9) It is hard to imagine/ say …很难想象/说……

例：It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each

day.很难想象爱迪生每天是怎样工作20小时的。

It's hard to say whether the plan is practical.这个计划是否实际很难说

21、动名词常用句型：

(1)...have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth.

(有困难做某事)

例：People from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.

来自那两个国家的人们在相互理解上是没有困难的。

(2) upon/on doing sth, 一……就……

例：Upon / On hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that hecouldn't say a word.

一听到这个出乎意料的消息，他惊讶到说不出话来。

(3) There is no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.

例：There is no difficulty in solving this social problem.

解决这个社会问题毫无困难。

(4) There is no need/use harm/hurry in doing sth

例：There is no need in sending such expensive present.

没有必要送这样贵重的礼物。

(5) spend some time/money (in) doing sth

例：They say children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work.

他们说孩子们花太多的时间在闲聊和玩游戏上，而不是集中在学习上。

(6) It's no use / good/ worth doing sth

例：It’s no use talking with him. He won’t listen to you.

跟他谈没用，他不会听你的。

(7) It's a waste of time/money/energy doing例：It's a waste of time watching TV programme as this

22、as if/though 句型：

例：He spoke to me as if I were deaf.

他那样给我说话，就像我是聋子似的。

The new students talked as though they had been friends for years.

新来的学生们说话很亲热，就像多年的老朋友似的。

23、‘IF’虚拟条件句

(1) 与过去事实相反

例：If the man had pointed with his first finger while he was in Brunei, everyone would have thought that he was very rude.

在Brunei，如果那人用第一个手指指着的话，那人人都会认为他很不礼貌。

(2) 与现在事实相反

例：If I were in your position, I would call the police immediately.

如果我处在你的位置，我会立即打电话给**。

(3) 与将来事实相反

例：If I had (should have) time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.

如果我明天有空的话，我当然会帮助你的。

(4) 虚拟条件句中的倒装：

例：Should it rain, the crops would grow better.

如果天下雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。

Were I your father, I would not give you the money.

如果我是你父亲的话，我就不会给你那钱了。

Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk如果不是那船长的话，那船就会沉没了

24、Not --- until 句型

(1) 陈述句not --- until --- 直到……才

例：Last night I didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock. 昨晚我11点钟才睡觉。

(2) 强调句It wasn't until…that... 直到……才…….

例：It wasn't until yesterday that I got your letter.

我直到昨天才收到你的来信.

(3) 倒装句Not until...did... 直到……才…….

例：Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作,我才意识到我已蹉跎了很多岁月

25、since 句型：

(1) Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

(2) It is +--- + since +持续性谓语动词（表否定）

例：It is three years since she lived here. 她已三年不住这儿了。

(3) It is + --- + since S + 瞬间谓语动词（表肯定）例：It is years since I stopped smoking）．我戒烟已经数年了

26、If only...! 真希望……!若是……那该多好啊!

(1) 谓语动词用过去式表现在：如：

例：If only I knew his name! 要是我知道他的名字就好了。

(2) 谓语动词用过去完成时表过去：如：

例：If only we had followed your advice! 我们要是采纳你的意见就好了。

(3) 谓语动词用could/would表将来：如：

例：If only I could see him again! 要是我能再看到他多好啊！

If only she would accept my invitation!

要是她接受我的邀请该多好啊！

27、让步状语从句：

(1) Adj./n./adv. + as/ though+ Subject（主词）+ be, S + V--- （虽然...）

例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

(2) No matter what等特殊疑问词...…无论什么…….

例句：No matter what happens, I'll always stand by you.

不论发生什么事,我都永远支持你.

(3) However + adj/adv + S + V,尽管……

例：You won't be able to do it alone, however much you try.

不论你多努力，你一个人也做不来。

(4) whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever + S + V，无论什么/哪里……

例：Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

(5) whether…or not

例：Whether you like it or not, you'll have to do it.

不管你喜欢不喜欢，你必须做这件事。

(6) even if/though

例：Even if/Even though the exercise is very difficult, you must do it.即使那练习很难，你都必须做。

28、违反常规的冠词位置句型：

(1) so/as/that/too/how +adj. + a/an + n.

例：He is as good a student as you. 他和你一样是个好学生。

This is too difficult a problem for me.对我来说这是一个太难的问题。

You can hardly imagine how clever a boy he is.

你几乎想象不到那孩子有多聪明。

(2) quite/rather/what/such/many + a/an + (adj) +n

例：She sang quite a beautiful song. 她的歌唱得很漂亮。

He was such a fool as to believe what she said.

他是这样的一个笨蛋以致于相信了她说的话。

(3) all/both/half/twice the + n

例：All the students in her class like her very much.

她班上所有的学生都喜欢她。

29、表示最高级的句型：

(1) Nothing is + --- er than to + V

Nothing is + more + 形容词+ than to + V

例：Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

(2) no one (nobody, nothing)+so/as+原级＋as

例：Nobody is so blind as those who will not see.

没有人像那些视而不见的人如此的瞎了。

(3) 比较级＋than + any other +名词单数

比较级＋than +anything(anyone)else

比较级＋than + any of the others

例：Bamboo probably has more uses than any other plant in the world.

(4) 否定词+比较级

例：It can’t be worse.这是最糟的

I can’t agree any more.我非常同意。

(5) be the last ---- 例：This is the last thing I want to do. 这是我最不想干的事

30、more --- than 句型：

(1) more --- than与其……不如……

例：He is more lazy than slow at his work.

= He is less slow than lazy at his work.

在工作上与其说他慢不如说他懒。

(2) more than超过；不仅仅是；非常

例：These flags are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together. 这些旗子不只是不同颜色的布料和丝线逢在一起。

(3) not more than最多，不超过

例：They finished the project in not more than one year.

在不超过一年的时间内，他们完成了那项工程。

(4) no more than仅仅

例：The officials could see no more than the Emperor.那些官员能看到的仅仅是皇帝

31、形式宾语与宾语补语句型：

(1) 形式宾语代动词不定式

例：I think it necessary to explore the space. 我认为探索太空是有必要的。

(2) 形式宾语代从句

例：They found it strange that no one would take the money.

他们感到很奇怪谁也不要这一笔钱。

(3) 过去分词做宾语补语表示宾语被动的动作：

例：I had my pen stolen. 我的笔被偷了。

(4) 现在分词做宾语补语表示宾语正在进行的动作。

例：They found her lying in bed reading a novel.

他们发现她躺在床上看小说。

(5) 以名词（间或可用代词）作宾语补足语：

例：In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for hisrevolutionary work.

1849年他到了英国，并且把伦敦作为他的**工作的基地。

I think him an honest man.我认为他是一个诚实的人。

(6) 介词短语做宾语补语：如：

例：I can't find him in the office.我在办公室外没有发现他。

(7) What do you find the hardest in... 你觉得……最大的困难是什么

例句：What do you find the hardest in learning English 你觉得学英语最大的困难是什么