2011年职称英语理工类-完型填空
2011年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目
大家论坛职称英语版块：https://www.360docs.net/doc/2d7958815.html,/forum-109-1.html
理工类完形填空新增文章
篇目
第三篇What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
*第十二篇Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens +第十五篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
第三篇
What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃ which —l— in Antarctica in 1983．
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in—2一. Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃to -120℃．The temperature depends upon —3—you are in direct sunlight or shade．Obviously, -l20℃
is colder than our body can safely endure．Thank NASA science for well-designed space —4— that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes．
The space temperatures just discussed affect only Our area l of the solar —5—．Obviously，it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun．Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃．How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again，it depends upon your —6—．We are taught it is supposedly —7— to have a temperature below absolute zero，which is-273℃，at which atoms do not move．Two scientists，whose names are Cornell and Wieman，have successfully cooled down a gas temperature barely —8—absolute zero．They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work—not a discovery，in this case2．
Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?
In the l920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting —9— about particles we now call photons．Bose had trouble —l0—other scientists to believe —11—he contacted Albert Einstein．Einstein's calculations helped him theorize —12— behave as Bose thought——but only at very cold temperatures．Scientists have also discovered that —13—atoms can help them make the world's atomic clocks even more accurate．These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose3 0ne second —14—six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time4 (d=v×t)．With5the long distances involved
in space —15— to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance．
词汇：
Antarctica n．南极洲
Orbit n．轨道
NASA 美国国家航空和航天管理局
Astronomer n．天文学家
Pluto n．冥王星
Photon n．光子
Theorize v．推理，使理论化
Velocity n．速度
注释：
1．our area：我们的这个区域。指的是太阳系中环地球的宇宙空间。
2．in this case：在这个案例中。诺贝尔物理奖一般是授予创立某种重大理论或有着重大
发现的科学家。在这一案例中，两位科学家不是由于有重大科学发现而得奖，而是由于成功
地将气体的温度降到接近绝对零度而得奖。
3．These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second…：这些钟如此精确，……才慢l秒钟。they would only lose one second是结果状语，they之前省略了连接词that。
4．velocity times time：速度乘以时间。times是介词，意为“乘以”。
5．With：由于
练习：
1．A opened B occurred C opposed D operated
2．A Earth B space C planet D star
3．A whether B where C what D when
4．A foods B beds C tools D suits
5．A wind B energy C system D rays
6．A education B status C knowledge D location
7. A reasonable B wonderful C impossible D necessary
8．A above B below C within D beyond
9．A invention B theory C paper D experiment
10．A convincing B begging C ordering D forcing
11．A and B though C but D so
12．A will B would C must D can
13．A ultra-small B ultra-fast C ultra-hot D ultra-cold
14．A any B each C every D some
15．A travel B research C walk D station
答案与题解：
1. B 本段叙述地球上记录到的最低温度是-91℃，本段最后一句的后半句显然是交代这一
最低温度是在南极洲出现的。所以，occurred（发生，出现）是正确的选择。其他三个选项的词义与上下文的意思相去甚远。
2. B 通观本段，内容是叙述宇宙空间的温度。选项B的space是“宇宙空间”的意思，所
以是答案。其他三个选项Earth（地球）、planet（行星）、star（恒星）在词义上都不合适。
3. A 上下文的意思是：地球轨道上的温度是介乎+120℃至-120℃之间。温度的变化取决於
是向阳还是背阳。Whether是“是否”的意思，所以是本题的答案。
4. D 上文说-120℃是宇航员无法忍受的温度，下文说美国国家航空和航天管理局生产的某
种装置以protect astronauts from these temperature extremes（包含i宇航员部手机端温度的侵害）。很明显，这一装置就是“space suits”。
5. C 现在讨论的内容是有关太阳系的宇宙空间的温度。本段第二句说到太阳对温度的影
响：靠近太阳的温度高一些，远离太阳的温度就低一些。所以本题要选system。
6. D 整个宇宙空间的温度是多少度呢？温度的高低取决于哪个因素呢？从四个选项分析：
温度不会取决于你的education(教育)，你的status(地位)或你的knowledge(知识)，因为这不合乎逻辑。只有选location(位置)才符合上下文的意思。
7.C科学常识告诉我们，绝对零度是宇宙中的最低温度。impossible是答案。
8.A本段前面的句子说到最低温度不会低于一273℃，所以，below、within、beyond都有
悖于上述论述。只有above(高于)才与上文的意思相符。
9. B 本段第二句说，Bose没有办法使其他的科学家“believe his theory”，所以第一句
的studying an interesting之后缺失的词应该是“theory”。
10.A Bose一筹莫展，只好求助于爱因斯坦，后者通过计算证实了Bose的理论。本题选
convincing(说服)最恰当。0rdering(命令)或forcing(强迫)都不合逻辑。begging(恳求)也太低三下四了o
11.D本段的第二句的前半句与后半句是因果关系，连词要选so。
12.B本句的主旬中的谓语动词用的是过去时helped，根据“主句为过去时态，宾语从句一
般也要用过去时态”这一时态一致的原则，本题要选would。
13.D Comell and Wieman荣获诺贝尔物理奖，是因为他们成功地将气体的温度降到接近绝
对零度。本文最后两段以实际例子说明他们的成就推动了科学的发展。因此，ultra-small，ultra—fast和ultra．hot都与Cornell and Wieman的研究无关联，不会是答案。只有ultra—cold才是合乎逻辑的选择。
14.C从句子“These clocks are so accurate today th ey would only lose one second six
million推断，原子钟如此精确，每隔600万年才慢l秒。“每隔”的英语用词是every。
15.A从地球飞向其他星球的宇宙航程很长，计时越精确，测算宇宙飞行器的即时距离就越
精确。本段讲的是精确计时对宇宙航行的重要性。所以，选travel是正确的。本题不能选walk，因为space walk是“太空行走”，指的是宇航员离开飞船在宇宙空间中活动，与space travel是两个不同的概念。
*第十二篇
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues，scientists at the University of Toronto1and the University of Montreal2have found that smoking may actually —1— depressive symptoms in some teens.
“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived —2—benefits of smoking among teens,”says lead researcher Michael Chaiton，a research associate3 at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto．“—3— cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating —4— or to improve mood，in the long term4 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms.”
As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires —5— their use of cigarettes to affect mood．Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants，urban and rural schools，and schools —6— in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6．Participants were divided into three —7—: never smokers；smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate，improve mood or physical —8—；smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate．Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things：had —9— going to sleep or staying —10—；felt unhappy，sad，or depressed；felt hopeless about the future；felt vexed，antsy or tense；and worried too much about things．
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood —11—had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer 0’Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine7．"0ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of —12— depressive symptoms."
The —13— between depression and smoking exists —14—一among teens that use cigarettes to feel better．"It’s —15— to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr．Chaiton．
词汇：
Puff v．遇到
self-medicate v．自我治疗
vexed adj．烦虑的
antsy adj．坐立不安的，烦躁的
blues n．抑郁
注释：
1．the University of Toront0：(加拿大)多伦多大学
2．the University of Montreal：(加拿大)蒙特利尔大学
3．research associate：助理研究员
4．in the long term：从长远看
5．reported：用的是主动态，是自我“报告”的意思。研究人员用问卷的方式进行调查。
被调查的青少年自我填写问题的答案。
6．high，moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods：高档、中档和低档社区7．the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine：蒙特利尔大学社会和预防医学系。此处the University of Montreal是定语，修饰Department of Social and Preventive Medicine。
8．scores：得分。指问卷的统计数字。
练习：
1．A examine B increase C decrease D diagnose
2．A social B financial C emotional D political
3．A Whatever B Although C Whenever D what
4．A effects B methods C steps D directions
5．A beside B beyond C in D about
6．A exposed B expanded C located D detected
7．A groups B sets C species D versions
8．A world B activity C state D beauty
9．A time B courage C energy D trouble
10．A asleep B awake C still D silent
11．A reducers B improvers C creators D removers
12．A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming
13．A difference B association C cooperation D agreement
14．A occasionally B scarcely C probably D principally
15．A illogical B unscientific C meaningless D important
答案与题解：
1．B 本文的重点是介绍借抽烟缓解抑郁情绪的青少年到后来他们的depressive symptoms (抑郁症状)反而加重了。第二、第五、第六段都明确提到这一点。所以B(increase)是答案。其他三个选项的词义与上下文的意思搭不上。
2．C抽烟缓解抑郁是一种情绪上(emotional)的得益，不会是social(社会上的)、financial(经济上的)或political(政治上的)得益。所以答案是Co
3．B空格所在的句子虽然缺字，意思还是清楚的，前半旬的意思与后半句的意思是相反的。前半句说香烟看上去有助于改善心情，后半句说从长远角度看，depressive symptoms的风险反而会增加。四个选项中只有选项8的Although能将前半句和后半句连接起来，并赋
予“让步"的意思。
4．A句中的or是“即”，也就是说，to have self-medicatin9加上填入的词之后的意思相当于to improve mood。四个选项中只有选项A的effects(效果)是填入空格的最合适的词。toimprove mood是自我治疗的效果。其他三个选项methods、steps、directions与self-medicatin9连用，意思分别为“自我治疗的方法”、“自我治疗的步骤"、“自我治疗的指导"，与句子的意思不相配。
5．D 本题要填入的词是介词。分析下来，their use of cigarettes to affect mood应该是questionnaire(问卷)所要了解的内容。所以，about是正确的选择。
6．C科学家在选择问卷对象时注意了代表性，入选的青少年既有讲法语的，也有讲英语的，他们就读的学校有城市的，也有农村的。接下来的问题是：在schools和in high，moderateand low socioeconomic neighbourhoods(高档社区、中档社区和低档社区)之间选
哪个词才符合上下文的意思呢?很明显，这些学校有位于高档社区的，也有位于中档和低档社区的。所以选项C的located是答案o
7．A本句的意思很明显，问卷的参与者被分成三组或三类。9roups是正确的选择。再看其他三个选项：three sets是“三套"，three species是“三个物种”，three versions是“三个版本"，没有一个是合适的。
8．C科学家将参与者分成三组，其中一组的参与者不采用吸烟作为自我调节情绪的手段。填入的词应与情绪、身体等有关。若选A、B、D，组成的词组physical world(物质世界)、physical activity(体育活动)、physical beauty(形态美)均与上文的意思接不上，所以A、B、D不会是答案。由C的state组成的词组physical state(身体状况)与上文的意思连贯。因此C是答案。
9．D本段介绍了问卷包含的问题。作者罗列的问题都是负面的，如乏力、失眠、烦躁等。所以填入空格的词也应该是负面的。trouble符合这个要求，是本题的答案。
10．A 第九题选了trouble，空格所在的句子是“…had trouble going to sleep or staying ”。or是“即”的意思，也就是说，had trouble going to sleep意思上就相当于staying_____。根据这一判断，填入空格的词非awake莫属。
11．B第一段和第二段都说到，抽烟缓解抑郁心情最终导致更抑郁。本句“Smokers who used cigarettes as mood had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who h ad never smoked”表达的是同样的意思。文章第二段和第三段都出现improve mood，所以，mood后面要填入的词应该是improvers0选项A、C、D的意义均不符合上下文o 12．C本句又重复了上题所表达的意思。只有developin9的意义才符合上下文，因此是答案。
13．B从上下文判断，本句指的是depression和smokin9之间的联系，不会是它们之间的差异。(difference)、合作(cooperation)或一致性(agreement)。association的词义是“联系”，所以是答案。
14．D调查的对象是青少年，所以不可能是0ccasionally(偶尔)、scarcely(几乎不)或probably。(很可能)在青少年之中，而是principally(主要)在青少年之中。
1 5．D 从通篇文章判断，“to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher amongteenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke”是做这项调查的发现和结论，作者说出这一点，只会认为很重要(important)，不会认为不合乎逻辑 (illogical)，不科学(unscientific)或没有意义(meaningless)。所以，important是答案。
+第十五篇
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ l and are more —l— to go on to university，reveals a major new study2 carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy3 and Sahlgrenska University Hospital．
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)4． The study involved l.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between l 950 and l976．The research group analysed the —2— of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took fight after they started serving the army．
The study shows a clear link —l— good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test．The strongest links are for —4— thinking and verbal comprehension．But it is only fitness that plays a —5— in the results for the IQ test5，and not strength．“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung —6— and that your brain gets plenty of —7—，”says Michael Nilsson，professor at the S ahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital．“This may be one of the reasons —8— we can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscular —9—．We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important．” By analysing data for twins，the researchers have been —10— to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a —11— IQ．
“We have also shown that those youngsters who —12— their physical fitness between ages of l5 and l8 increase their cognitive performance," says Mafia Aberg，researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre．“This being the case6，physical —13—is a subject that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must7 if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests —14—national service8 with the socio-economic status of the men later in —15—．Those who were fit at l 8 were more likely to go into higher education，and many secured more qualified jobs．
词汇：
Proceedings n．学报，论文集
Swedish adj．瑞典的
Comprehension n．理解
muscular adj．肌肉的
注释：
1．IQ：智商。IQ是intelligence quotient的缩写o
2．reveals a major new study：一项主要的新研究显示。这是一个倒装句，主语是a major new study，谓语是reveals。第三段出现的“says Michael Nilsson”和第五段出现的“says Maria Aberg"也是同一类型的倒装句。
3. Sahlgrenska Academy：瑞典哥德堡大学健康科学研究院
4. the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS)：美国国家科学院学报
5. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test：“it is…that"是强调式句子结构，被强调的部分是0nly fitness。强调前的句子是：“But only fitness plays a role in the results for the IQ test.”。第四段中出现的“it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness…”那个句子也属强调式句子结构。
6. This being the case：倘若情况果真如此，因此
7. must：用作名词，意思是“必须”
8. national service：兵役，国民服役
练习：
1．A carefully B secretly C likely D happily
2．A answers B works C scores D results
3．A behind B between C among D without
4．A logical B critical C typical D positive
5．A place B game C role D trick
6．A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
7．A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
8．A what B why C how D where
9．A exercise B training C strength D movement
10．A able B clever C lucky D clear
11．A moderate B average C lower D higher
12．A ignore B improve C like D determine
13．A examination B labour C movement D during
14．A before B after C without D service
15．A marriage
答案与题解：
1．C本文第一句就将主题和盘托出：Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ(身体健康的年轻人智商也高)。根据此论断可以推断，智商高的人进入大学学习的可能性也高。读完全文便可知这个推断是对的。所以，本题的答案只能是likely。
2．D第二段第二句说明，该项研究的样本是1950—1976年之间入伍的l20万新兵。新兵们报到时接受了体格测试和智商测试。研究人员对这两类测试的数据进行了分析。四个选项只有results符合这层意思。answers(答案)、works(作品)、scores(分数)都不合适。
3．B上文多次论及身体健康与智商之间的关系。本句又重述两者的联系。四个选项中有个between，答案非它莫属。among是“在…之中”，数量超过2个人或2件事时才用among。本句只说两者的关系，所以不能选among。选项behind和without的意思与上下文搭配不上。
4．A填词所在的句子的意思是，身体健康与某种思维和语言理解能力有关。某种思维是哪有logical，它就是答案了。其他三个选项critical(临界的；评论的)、typical(典型的})和positive(正面的)与上下文的意思相去甚远，不会是答案。
5．C play a role是固定词组，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思连贯，所以是答案。play a place没有这种搭配。play a game(玩游戏)和play a trick(恶作剧)与上下文的意思搭不上。
6．A由于“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lun g…”说的是，健康意味着心肺功能好，所以选项disease(疾病)和treatment(治疗)可以排除，而good heart and lung后接shape(形状)，意思是“好的心肺形状"，这与健康的关系也远了一些。本题只有capacity (能力)才是答案。
7．C如前所述，身体健康意味着心肺好，这与大脑有什么关系呢?常识告诉我们，呼吸顺畅，通过肺部进入血液的氧气也多；心功能良好，就能有效地将带有氧气的新鲜血液源源不断地输送到大脑，大脑就能活跃地工作。所以，选项0xygen是答案。
8．B reason(s)后面的定语从句中的关系副词要用why。
9．C第三段第二句给本题的答案提供了线索：“But it is only fitness that playS a role in the results for the IQ test，and not strength．(是健康，而不是力量，对智商测试的结果起了作用)”。本题的句子重复了上述论断，所以，缺失的词应该是strength。这一次作者把strength说得更清楚，指的是muscular strength(肌肉力量)。本题的答案C。10．A本句的意思是，研究人员分析双胞胎智商上的差异来说明智商差异不会来自基因，因为双胞胎的基因是相同的；智商差异来自后天的环境因素。填入本句最适合的词是able。clever，lucky和clear都不合适；因为研究人员只有通过分析数据才能够得出结论，而不是靠幸运、聪明等。
11．D文章反复论述，一个人身体健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness(健壮体魄)，后面出现的是IQ，修饰它的形容词就一定是higher。
12．B根据全文的主要论点进行判断，本题的句子表达的意思一定是增强体质与提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的动词的词义一定与提高和改善认知能力(cognitive performance)有关。根据这一推论，人选的选项只有improve。
13．D研究一下句子“This being the case，physical is a subject．．．”，就知道physical 加点要填入空格中的词应该是一门学科(subject)的名称。四个选项中，只有physical education(体育)是门学科，所以，答案是D。
14．D第二段曾说到新兵报到入伍时，接受了体格测试，本题的句子用的是复数形式的tests，说明他们在服兵役期间可能接受多次体格检查，所以要选during(national service)，而before、after、without都与上述意思不配合。
15．B研究人员将新兵报到入伍时体格测试和智商测试的结果和他们后来的社会经济地位进行了比较。比较的是哪方面的社会经济地位呢?最合理的选择是later in life(后来的生活中)。而later in marriage(后来的婚姻中)、later in residence(后来的居住中)或later in service(后来的服务中)与社会经济地位搭配，显得十分勉强，所以不会是答案。
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