长安大学研究生期末英语考试题
长安大学2011-2012 学年第一学期
硕士研究生英语试题（A）卷
考生注意事项:
一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括词汇、完形填空与阅读理解三部分，共65题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括翻译与写作两部分，共2题。
两份试卷合并装订成试题册。
二．试卷一（题号1-65）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性（HB或2B）铅笔做在机读答题卡上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如【A】【B】【C】【D】。
三．试卷二为主观评分题，答案一律写在主观答题纸ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二前的注意事项。请在答题纸上写上姓名、学号、班级及任课教师姓名，以免漏改、漏登成绩。
四．答题卡和答题纸上须写清姓名和准考证号，考试结束时一并交回。答题卡和答题纸上不得做任何记号，否则答案无效。
五．试卷一为70分钟，试卷二为50分钟。考试结束时间一到，考生一律停笔，将机读答题卡及主观答题纸留在座位上，待监考教师收点无误后，经主考教师宣布考试结束方可离开考场。
试卷一（Paper One）
Part I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points)
Section A (0.5 point each)
Directions:There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked [A],[B],[C]and [D].
Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the
corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your
Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. When I was on the dole , I got ￡5.50 per week from the government and spent￡
2.50 rent.
[A] on drug [B] doped out [C] on welfare [D] on pension
2. His speech was made with such great ambiguity that neither supporter nor opponent could be
certain of his true position.
[A] neatness [B] acquisition [C] vagueness [D] perception
3. The eating process is a time to show humility and concern for others.
[A] modesty [B]abuse [C]responsibility [D] passion
4. Some liberals dream of extending subsidies eligible low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealistic even before the budget deficit ballooned again.
[A] in the black [B] in the red [C] in the blue [D] in the green
5. While participation in business teams can offer enormous psychic satisfaction, it can also cause
great distress.
[A] spiritual [B] physical [C] natural [D] equitable
6. Even when government regulations appear specially formulated to support the culture of cuisine,
they often go astray.
[A] defined [B] collected [C] studied [D] stated
7. Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the longest surviving philosophical systems.
[A] living [B] existing [C] having [D]acting
8. Impatience, self-criticism and comparing oneself to others will not help in this process of
self-knowledge.
[A] self-insight. [B] self-satisfaction [C] self-esteem [D] self-respect
9. Under pressure, or change of interest, Potentials can partially or wholly disappear from view for
considerable periods of time; but nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.
[A] expand [B]formulate [C] wipe out [D] get out
10. Government employees living in remote communities receive an isolated post allowance
payment to help offset the higher cost of living.
[A] welfare [B] reduction [C] dole [D]subsidy
Section B (0.5 point each)
Directions:There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.
11.Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of ________that you can count on to get
the job done.
[A] science [B] technology[C] expertise [D]ability
12. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between ________and industry.
[A] academia [B]specialization [C]major [D]school
13. Guangdong Province is located in southern China，with a_______climate and abundant
produce all year round.
[A] harsh [B] mild [C]excessive [D]humid
14. Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River after being politically_________.
[A] sentenced [B] abused [C] treated unjustly [D] banished
15. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group; with the eating process also being a time to show _________and concern for others.
[A] hospitality [B] vigor [C] carefulness [D] humility
16. Once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers may wonder where the “spark ”in their
relationship has gone and may ________regretfully and longingly about “the good days”.
[A] reminisce [B] expect [C] wish [D] cuddle
17. These misconceptions often lead to unrealistic expectation, stereotypes, and _________.
[A] disapproval [B] disappearance [C] discourage [D] disillusionment
18. Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the _________but on the home-front as well.
[A] battlefront [B]endeavor [C] majesty [D] battlefield
19. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in______ were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions , and the same aspirations as the men and women of today.
[A] aspiration [B] antiquity [C] happiness [D] order
20. Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and _________; it is that
indestructible matrix upon which the character is built.
[A] alteration [B] improvement [C] disposition [D] nature
Part II CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points)
Directions:Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding
letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on
your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
21. [A] power [B] control [C] privilege [D] management
22.[A] draw[B] take [C] withdraw [D] acquire
23.[A] put [B] mold [C] fit [D] match
24.[A] stick [B] form [C] shape [D] hold
25.[A] born[B] produced [C] developed [D] bought
26.[A] appear [B] peep [C] behold [D] disappear
27.[A] something[B] anything [C] nothing [D] everything
28. [A] perfect[B] common [C] ordinary [D] general
29. [A]much [B] nominal [C] nothing [D]minority
30. [A]Although[B] Therefore [C] Providing [D] Nevertheless
31.[A] purpose[B] assignment [C] accomplishment [D] function
32.[A] accommodates [B] inhabits[C] shelters [D] dormers
33.[A] the latter [B] the forme r [C] the better [D] the later
34.[A] realization [B] fulfillment [C] violation [D] accomplishment
35.[A] and [B] but[C] thus [D] then
36.[A] cry [B] shout [C] scream [D] criterion
37.[A] hidden [B] covered[C] revealed [D] disclosed
38.[A] develop [B] change [C] reform [D] disappear
39.[A] laws[B] crust [C] principles [D] appearance
40.[A] understanding [B] to be understood [C] being understood [D] to understand
Part III READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 50 points)
Directions:In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer [A],[B],[C]
or [D], and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket
on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is "Don't!” But it is useless to try to d iscourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.
Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he
drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of Course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!
41. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is ______.
[A] actors are very unusual people
[B] the course at the drama school lasts two years
[C] acting is really a hard job
[D] there are already too many actors
42. An assistant stage manager's job is difficult because he has to ______.
[A] do all kinds of stage work [B] work for long hours
[C] wait for a better company[D] act well
43. According to the context, the sentence "But young actors with the stage in their blood are
happy" at the end of the first paragraph means ______.
[A] they don't care if their job is hard
[B] they like the stage naturally
[C] they are born happy
[D] they are easily satisfied
44. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress after ______.
[A] learning some lessons about the art of speaking
[B] playing her part in the "Blue Colored Moon"
[C] successfully matching the most famous actors
[D] a cting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time
45. The phrase "once in a blue moon" in last line refers to ______.
[A] all at once [B] once for a long time
[C] once in a while [D] once and for all
Passage Two
Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. The opening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.
The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led to expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted “open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number of black students between the ages of
eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million. In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By 1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly black.
Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions. Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered various problems.
College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half the rate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of whites in that age group had completed college.
Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States. During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school and about 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, but over half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline—education. In general, since the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowed and perhaps even reversed.
46. What is the main idea of the passage?
[A] Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black
institutions.
[B] The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded
opportunities for white students too.
[C] Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United
States.
[D] Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for
black and white students alike.
47. What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?
[A] It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higher
institutions.
[B] It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against
blacks.
[C] It came about when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised.
[D] It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- and
middle-class black people were intensified.
48. Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated
colleges and universities?
[A] Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in
the United States.
[B] It brought a significant increase in the number of white students.
[C] It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.
[D] The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled in
college greatly increased.
49. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to .
[A] get enrolled in traditionally white colleges
[B] get enrolled in traditionally black institutions
[C] complete college
[D] get a Doctor’s Degree in science
50. Which of the following is true about historically black institutions?
[A] The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the
opening up of segregated institutions.
[B] They created many problems for their students.
[C] They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship.
[D] The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s.
Passage Three
What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.
Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car would enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. (入口引道). As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the drive would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespasser(非法进入者)could swiftly identified by authorities.)
Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automated control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.
51. We learn from the first paragraph that two system of automated highways____
[A] are being planned [B] are being modified
[C] are now in wide use [D] are under construction
52. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that .
[A]it would require only minor changes to existing highways
[B] it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency
[C]it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehicles
[D] it offers more lanes for automated vehicles
53. Which of the following is true about driving on automated highway?
[A]Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations
[B] A car can join existing traffic anytime in a mixed lane system
[C] The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it
[D] The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles
54. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane—
[A] by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional lane
[B] by ways of a ramp with electronic control devices
[C] through a specially guarded gate
[D] after all trespassers are identified and removed
55. When driving in an automated lane, the driver___
[A] should harmonized with newly entering cars
[B] doesn’t have to rely on his computer system
[C] should watch out for potential accidents
[D] doesn’t have to hold on to the steering wheel
Passage Four
I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years," as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead."
When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation-would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence (万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.
56. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?
[A] They lived out a natural life.
[B] They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.
[C] They weren't accustomed to the change in weather.
[D] They died due to lack of care by family members.
57. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because ________.
[A] he wanted to console the two families
[B] he was an official from the community
[C] he had great sympathy for the deceased
[D] he was priest of the local church
58. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because ________
[A] they couldn't find a better way to express their grief
[B] they believe that they were responsible
[C] they had neglected the natural course of events
[D] they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction
59. In the context of the passage, "…… the world makes sense" (Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that ________.
[A] everything in the world is predetermined
[B] the world can be interpreted in different ways
[C] there's an explanation for everything in the world
[D] we have to be sensible in order to understand the world
60. People have been made to believe since infancy that ________.
[A] everybody is at their command
[B] life and death is an unsolved mystery
[C] every story should have a happy ending
[D] their wishes are the cause of everything that happens
Passage Five
According to some individuals, if your house is built in the right position, this may affect
your success in life, which seems strange to many people. However, to believers in Feng-Shui, or the art of geomancy, not only the position but also the choice of decorations and even the color of your home can mean the difference between good fortune and disaster. This art has been practiced for centuries in China and is still used all over South East Asia. Even the huge Hong Kong banks call in a geomant if they are planning to build new offices. They have such faith in his knowledge that if he advises them to move, they will alter their plans for even their biggest buildings.
Like many Oriental beliefs the geomant's skill depends on the idea of harmony in nature. If there is no imbalance between the opposing forces of Yin and Yang, the building will bring luck to its inhabitants. This means that the house must be built on the right spot as well as facing the right direction, and also be painted an auspicious color. For instance, if there are mountains to the north, this will protect them from evil influences. If the house is painted red, this will bring happiness to the occupants while green symbolizes youth and will bring long life. Other factors, such as the owner's time and date of birth, are taken into account, too. The geomant believes that unless all these are considered when choosing a site for construction, the fortune of the people using it will be at risk.
Indeed, to ignore the geomant's advice can have fatal results. The death of the internationally famous Kung-Fu star, Brucee Lee, has been used as an example. It is said that when Lee found out that the house he was living in was an unlucky one, he followed a geomant's advice and installed an eight-sided mirror outside his front door to bring him luck. Unfortunately, a storm damaged the mirror and the house was left unprotected from harmful influences. Soon afterwards Lee died in mysterious circumstances.
Not only is Feng-Shui still used in South East Asia, but it has also spread right across the world. Even in modern New York a successful commercial artist called Milton Glaser has found it useful. He was so desperate after his office was broken into six times that he consulted a geomant. He was told to install a fish tank with six black fish and fix a red clock to the ceiling. Since then he has not been burglarized once. It may seem an incredible story, but no other suitable explanation has been offered.
61. From the passage we can infer that Feng-Shui is NOT used in ______.
[A] Hong Kong [B] the United States
[C] Japan [D] Thailand
62. Geomants believe that ______.
[A] houses must only be painted red
[B] houses must face mountains
[C] nature and life should be in harmony
[D] green is an unlucky color
63. Geomants think that the reason for Bruce Lee's death is that ______.
[A] he didn't follow the geomant’s advice
[B] he installed an eight-sided mirror
[C] he misunderstood the geomant's advice
[D] a storm damaged the protection for his house
64. The story of Milton Glaser shows that ______.
[A] colors are not important in geomancy
[B] geomancy is used by artists
[C] geomancy is used in the West
[D] the fight against crime is being won
65. Which of the following best describes geomancy?
[A] It is a style of Oriental decoration.
[B] It is a type of painting.
[C] it is an ancient Chinese belief called Feng-Shui.
[D] It is an architectural design.
试卷二（Paper Two）
译写答题注意事项:
一、本试卷（Paper Two）答题一律写在主观答题纸（Answer Sheet II）上，草稿纸及试
题测上的答案内容一律不予计分。
二、中、英文尽可能做到字迹清晰，书写工整，疏密相间均匀，字体大小适当。
三、英文作文必须逐行书写，不得隔行或跳行。
Part IV TRANSLATION (25 minutes, 15 points)
Section A (10 minutes, 5 points)
Directions:Put the following two paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
1.From bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face the bleak prospect of losing their
jobs as a global recession starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut. Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will stem unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.
2. Even with the technology embedded in today's automobiles, driving can be a frustrating and
potentially deadly experience. This is especially true in large metropolitan cities, where the criss-crossing network of highways creates an amazingly complex system, just waiting for something to go wrong. And things will go wrong, there’s no avoiding that, the system depends on far too many elements.
Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)
Directions:Put the following sentences into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
1.那些不喜欢自己的人却有可能不停地寻找爱的关系来改变差强人意的自我形象。(bolster)
2. 该计划重建了一些城市的社区，但是把更多享有补贴的公寓房夷为平地而不是取而代之。（raze）
3. 三手烟是指在香烟熄灭数小时甚至数天后残留在地毯、服装和其它材料中的烟雾造成的污染。(put out)
4. 举办文化节不仅可以促进中国人民与世界各地人民的文化交流，也可以扩大经济和其他领域的交流。(extend)
5. 书籍具有不朽的本质，是人类勤奋努力的最为持久的产物。寺庙会倒塌，神像会朽烂，而书却经久长存。(decay)
Part V WRITING (25 minutes, 15 points)
Directions:Write a composition of no less than 180 words on the following topic and outline. Use the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities can be attributed directly to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. In order to reverse this decline in the quality of life in cities, some people suggest limiting car use and encouraging public transport, while others advocate that China is on the way to well-off society in which cars are needed for the average family. What’s your view? Write a composition on the following topic:
Should Car Use be limited in China?
You are to write in three parts:
1.Some people propose the limited use of cars
2.Others oppose the view of limiting car use
3.Your view on this issue
研究生英语期末考试作文,
long-distance education long-distance education, It is called network education in the file that released by department of education has introduced some , or called contemporary and long-range education network education. It refers to the use of TV and the Internet and other media teaching mode, the remote education is a very popular teaching model, because it broke through the time and space boundaries, accommodation in the school is different from the traditional teaching mode. Using this kind of teaching model of students, do not need to a specific location, anywhere. Students can also through television and radio, Internet, coaching line, a variety of different methods, such as mutual learning. Online learning has superior side, there are also some disadvantages. Learners can not adapt to the network teaching mode. Network education lack of interactivity and authenticity. On the BBS of the remote education, many netizens agree that network education's biggest drawback is the lack of interactivity and authenticity. In network education, between students and students, between students and the teacher only through BBS, E-mail or other network communication tools to communicate, people had built up a relationship is a kind of virtual environment of interpersonal relationships, interpersonal communication gradually from direct to indirect, from the diversification to the simplification, lost the traditional relationship between university students directly group consciousness gradually indifference. Education of students by this way, the collective idea and the spirit of solidarity and collaboration as generally traditional college students, is not conducive to the development of individuals and society.
在职研究生考试英语(翻译、作文)
Part VI Translation (10 points) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answ et Sheet. Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the suff erer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as t o seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don't feel happy, pretend to be! It works. Befor e long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover h ow deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will. Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends. Part VII Writing (15 points) Directions: Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic: The possibility of us ing the mobile phone to study English (or any other subject). You should write according t o the outline given below: 1.我认为手机（不）可以用来学习英语或其他知识。 2.理由是…… 3.结论
研究生英语期末考试试卷
ad if 命 封 线 密
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
江苏省委党校在职研究生入学考试英语复习资料
江苏省委党校社会学专业在职研究生入学考试英语复习参考资料 一、完形填空（20分） 二、语句翻译（20分） 1、As far as ability is concerned,I am sure he will qualify for the job. 7、Some of the old fantasies about the space age have come true. 14、In general,prices may be brought down by increasing supply or decreasing demand. 17、Jack didn’t know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf,so his choice was quite arbitrary. 18、We are trying to figure out a solution to these urgent problems. 23、The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top manager. 27、Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education. 32、We came to the meeting full of expectations,yet we left very disappointed. 34、The spokesman made in clear that the president would not cancel the trip under any circumstances. 40、The government has undertaken a series of new environmental initiatives,as a result, many parks and green belts have sprung up all of the country. 43、It is not unusual for this scientist to go to bed at two or three in the morning. 45、We didn’t like his attitude that he deserved special treatment. 48、These artists devoted all their lives to art,and made great contributions to the artistic field. 52、There are a lot of papers to sign,but the only urgent one is this contract. 53、The government is taking these measure in hopes of bringing down the soaring price of houses. 三、阅读理解（30分） 四、段落翻译（30分） 3、在1991年，巴西在全世界环保主义者的压力下改变了做法，它取消了鼓励砍伐亚马逊雨林的税收优惠，批准了一个新雨林保护项目的资金计划。 牛场主、矿工、移民抗议这一行动并继续破坏雨林，尽管速度比以前要慢。去年当矿工为了夺取一群印第安人的土地而将他们杀死使得矛盾扩大了。政府承诺将保护该地区的原住民，问题是这一承诺真实的程度究竟多大。
研究生英语期末考试 选择(缩印版)
一.同义词 16.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. A. make fun of 17.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken. C. run away 18.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. B. disadvantages 19.Magazines are the fifth most important advertising medium, and magazine advertising requires a substantial investment from advertisers. D. considerable 20.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. C. improve 21.Because of the close collaboration of architect and builder, the building was completed ahead of schedule. B. joint work 22.After World War , the Vietnamese believed that the French would allow them to be an autonomous people. A. self-governing 23.Physical well-being presupposes that one should vary his diet and often have some wholesome food. C. healthful 24.The layout of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right, makes it a pleasure to use. B. arrangement 25.A child leaving home before he is ready is analogous to bird trying to leave the nest before it can fly. D. similar 单选 26.He had always been oblivious to the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment. 27.I like the professor's lecture because he amplified his lecture with some vivid slide shows. 28.On the seminar the historians still cannot agree on the date on which the particular war commenced . 29.Despite the news that her son had been dead years ago, she still clung to the hope that he would return some day. 30.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet. 31.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at stake. 32.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space. 33.When business is depressed , there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment. 34.Social structure organization is simply the way that people, groups, and institutions are organized with respect. to one another. 35.One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he asks after almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city. 二.同义词 16.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. C. was deprived of 17.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. A. attack 18.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. B. unable to in 19.His behavior had been perturbing me more than had cared to admit. D. troubling 20.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience. A. ideal 21It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carrying a big stick. C. frighten 22 .If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. D. motive 23.The soldier discovers martial stirrings in his breast as he puts on his uniform. B. excitement 24.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. C. disadvantages 25.You'll succeed in the final examination if you stick to your belief that you are not a failure. A. adhere to 单选 26Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise. 27.The teacher set up those obstacles for no other purpose than to challenge the students to overcome them. 28.The police who was lack of experiences was completely, taken in by the thief's disguise. 29.My aunt wound a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget her appointment. 30.They could not go to the theater together because his free time never coincides with hers. 31.A (n) personnel manager has a variety of role relations with people occupying related statuses. 32.This is a difficult job that needs to be tackled whole-heartedly-not ply at. 33.The curtain had risen hardly when shot startled the audience. 34.He would go to endless trouble to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement. 35.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. 三.同义词 16. If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. B. motive 17.The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnic as soon as it stopped raining. D. comforted 18.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life. C. calm 19.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it's real value. A. criterion 20.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. D. unable to in 21.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. B. attack 22.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. A. was deprived of 23.At the international conference on the nuclear weapons several dissenting statements were made. D. opposing 24.The dominant theme is of tranquility and peacefulness. C. major 25.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive 单选 26.It is very likely that the Martian will also be adapted to underground existence, for conditions are much more equable underground. 27.The medicine scientists discovered that the prime reason for her lung cancer is excessive smoking. 28.The interviewer interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 29.After about an early age of 13, perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 30.South Africa's black majority got its first real say in governing early last December. 31.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and 32.delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 32.Jack is the very person who can be entrusted with either money or secret information. 33.He stopped the car so abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him. 34.The black people launched civil movement, struggling for abolition of slavery. 35.After a long journey, the tourists who experienced danger and hardship reached their destination at length.
长安大学硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
长安大学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：土地信息系统 一、名词解释(每题5分，共30分)： 土地信息系统 数字地面模型 地理信息系统 空间数据 图形数字化 二、简答题(每题10分，共30分)： 1、土地信息系统的基本功能？ 2、土地信息系统的组成？ 3、地理实体的拓扑关系及其在GIS中的表现形式 三、论述题(每题15分，共30分)： 1、试述矢量数据结构与栅格数据结构的优缺点。 2、试述土地信息系统空间数据的采集方法。 3、试述土地信息系统空间数据误差源。 4、试述地理信息系统的发展趋势。 长安大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：土地资源管理学 一、概念解释(每个5分，其30分)： 1、土地管理 2、土地的特性 3、土地的价格 4、土地利用 5、土地报酬递减规律 6、土地法 二、简答题(每小题8分，共48分)： l、土地市场的特征表现在哪些方面? 2、土地价格调控的措施有哪些? 3、土地管理制度的含义及其实施的意义是什么? 4、土地利用总体规划编制的原则是什么? 5、何谓土地使用权出让? 6、我国目前的地籍管理主要包括哪几方面的内容? 三、论述题(每小题12分，共72分)： l、怎样理解土地管理是社会稳定的根本保证? 2、为什么说土地问题是社会发展中的最主要的问题? 3、怎样合理地利用土地，才能取得良好的社会、经济、生态综合效益? 4、试述土地动杰监测的内容及意义。 5、怎样实现地籍档案管理的现代化? 6、为什么“实行对耕地进行特殊保护的政策"，是执行基本国策的重要措施和目标之一？ 长安大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：土地资源管理学
2017年在职研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析
2017年在职研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析 考研教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.