川东南地区灯影组储层特征及其控制因素研究

川东南地区灯影组储层特征及其控制因素研究

施泽进，彭俊，王勇

“油气藏地质及开发工程”国家重点实验室(成都理工大学)，成都610059

［摘要］川东南地区灯影组是一套以潮坪相白云岩为主的地层，其储层主要分布在中、上部。通过对灯影组储层薄片观察及物性资料分析发现，储集空间主要为次生溶蚀孔、洞、缝，储层类型为低孔低渗的裂缝-孔洞型储层。储层发育受沉积相和成岩作用的双重影响，沉积相是储层形成的基础，成岩作用则决定了储层的储集性能好坏；压实作用、胶结作用、硅化作用是破坏孔隙的主要成岩作用，溶蚀作用(特别是表生期古喀斯特作用)、破裂作用是发育次生孔隙的主要成岩作用。

［关键词］川东南；灯影组；储层特征；控制因素

Reservoir features and controlling factors of Dengying Formation in Southeast Sichuan, China

SHI Ze-jin, PENG Jun, WANG Yong

State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Abstract: The Sinian Dengying Formation is a set of tidal flat dolostone in Southeast Sichuan. The dolostone reservoir is dominantly distributed over the top and middle of the Dengying Formation. Based on the flake observation and physical properties data of the reservoir in Dengying Formation, this study indicates that the main reservoir spaces are pores, caves and fissures with secondary origin and the reservoir is a fractured-porous type with low porosity and low permeability. The reservoir’s development is influenced by both sedimentary facies and diagenesis and the sedimentary facies are the basis of its development and diagenesis process controlled by the reservoir’s ability. Cementation, compaction a nd silicification are the major diagenesis for destroying pores. Denudation and fracturing are the major diagenesis for forming secondary pores.

Key words: Sichuan Basin; Dengying Formation; reservoir characteristic; controlling factors

川东地区下-中三叠统的锶同位素曲线及年代地层划分

常晓琳，石和，罗威，宋莹，万明礼

成都理工大学沉积地质研究院，成都610059

［摘要］从川东邻水和渠县采集的73个下－中三叠统锶同位素样品获得了对应于地层累计厚度的锶同位素演化曲线。与C.Korte等利用特提斯和中欧地区219个锶同位素数据及古生物学研究所得出的对应于地质年龄值的上二叠统-三叠系锶同位素曲线对比，将川东下－中三叠统剖面进行了年代地层的划分对比。根据剖面中获得的牙形石化石，讨论了对四川地区三叠系底界的确定，认为应尽可能采用综合的地层学方法对沉积地层进行年代地层划分对比。

［关键词］川东地区; 三叠系; 锶同位素地层学; 三叠系底界; 牙形石

Sr isotopic curve of the Lower-Middle Triassic of East Sichuan and the chronostratigraphic division

CHANG Xiao-lin, SHI He, LUO Wei, SONG Ying, W AN Ming-li

Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Abstract: Strontium isotope stratigraphy is a new method to divide and contrast strata. This paper sets up an evolution curve of the strontium isotopic composition corresponding to the accumulative thickness based on 73 unaltered marine carbonate samples collected from Linshui and Quxian of East Sichuan. It is correlated with a curve corresponding to geologic time set up by C.Korte et al in the Upper Permian-Middle Triassic. The curve is based on 219 unaltered marine carbonate samples collected from the Asian Tethys and middle Europe and on the study of paleontology. And the section of Middle-Upper Triassic in East Sichuan is dated. The base of Triassic in Sichuan is discussed and defined according to the conodonts collected from some sections, and synthetical methods should be used in the chronostratigraphic division.

Key words: East Sichuan; Triassic; strontium isotope stratigraphy; base of Triassic; conodonts

三江盆地绥滨坳陷下白垩统煤系烃源岩评价

侯仔明1，徐宏节2，胡志方2，袁桂林1，刘明慧1

1.中国地质大学海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室，北京100083；

2.中国石化东北石油局，长春130011

［摘要］根据烃源岩热解地球化学分析成果，应用所测岩样中有机碳(TOC)、吸附烃(S1)、干酪根热解烃(S2)含量及氢指数I H (S2/有机碳)，对绥滨坳陷滨参1井和绥D1井下白垩统煤系地层中的煤系泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤岩从有机质丰度、有机质类型和成熟度三个方面进行了烃源岩分析评价。这三种岩石样品中各项生油岩指标绝大多数都达到了中-好烃源岩评价标准。绥滨坳陷下白垩统城子河组和穆棱组为两套具生烃潜力的煤系烃源岩。

［关键词］绥滨坳陷；有机质丰度；有机质类型；有机质成熟度

Evaluation of the source rocks from the Lower Cretaceous coal measure strata in the Suibin depression of Sanjiang basin, China

HOU Zi-ming1，XU Hong-jie2，HU Zhi-fang2，YUAN Gui-lin1，LIU Ming-hui1

1.The Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of the Ministry

of Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China；

2.Northeast Petroleum Bureau of SINOPEC, Changchun 130011, China

Abstract: According to the thermal decomposition analysis achievements of the mudstone, carbonaceous mudstone and coal samples gathered from the Lower Cretaceous coal measure strata of Well Bincan 1 and Well Sui D1 in the Suibin depression, this paper analyses the organic matter abundance, type and maturation with TOC, S1 (the absorption hydrocarbon), S2 (the hydrocarbon of kerogen decomposition) and I H(Hydrogen Index, S2/TOC). An absolute majority of samples have the ranges of organic richness from medium level to high level. The result of above analysis indicates that the Lower Cretaceous coal measure strata of Suibin depression, including the Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation and Muleng Formation are the coal measure source rocks with a high hydrocarbon generating potential.

Key words: Suibin depression; organic matter abundance; organic matter type; maturation of organic matter

鄂尔多斯北部杭锦旗探区上古生界烃源岩评价

薛会1，张金川2，徐波2，王毅1，毛小平2

1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083;

2.中国地质大学能源学院, 北京100083

［摘要］鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗探区上古生界烃源岩问题争议大。通过有机地球化学分析、盆地模拟等方法手段对研究区上古生界烃源岩展开研究。结果表明，上古生界发育石炭系、二叠系两套烃源岩，煤层是最好的烃源岩，泥岩为差烃源岩。煤层有机碳的质量分数最高，平均值为61.32%；有机质类型好，以Ⅲ型干酪根为主，属于生气型源岩；有机质成熟度为0.8%~1.3%，已经进入生气高峰阶段。烃源岩生气强度为(0.1~1.3)×109 m3/km2，具备为研究区天然气成藏提供物质基础的条件。盆地模拟结果表明山西组总生气量大于太原组，是主要的烃源岩层系。烃源岩从侏罗纪末进入大规模生烃阶段，生烃高峰为早白垩世。研究区石炭系和二叠系煤层是上古生界天然气成藏的主要气源岩，天然气组分中甲烷含量变化、天然气侧向运移距离等证据进一步佐证了上述观点，突出了研究区上古生界烃源岩的原地性特征。

［关键词］烃源岩；上古生界；杭锦旗；鄂尔多斯盆地

Evaluation of Upper Paleozoic source rocks of the Hangjinqi block in the northern Ordos Basin, China

XUE Hui1, ZHANG Jin-chuan2, XU Bo2, W ANG Yi1, MAO Xiao-ping2

1.Exploration and Development Research Institute of SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China;

2.Faculty of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Abstract：The source rock problem on Upper Paleozoic of the Hangjinqi block of the northern Ordos Basin has been hotly disputed. The paper researches the Upper Paleozoic source rocks in the study area by the ways of organic geochemistry and basin model. Carboniferous and Permian formations are two sets of source rocks in the study area. Coalbeds are the best source rocks in the study area, while mudstone is a bad source rock. The coalbed is characterized by 61.32% organic carbon. Type Ⅲkerogen is the main one with 0.8%~1.3% degree of organic metamorphism a gas-generating source rock and reaches the stage of gas-generating climax. The gas-generating intensity of this rock is (0.1~1.3)×109 m3/km2, and this source rock could satisfy the needs of gas accumulation. The total gas-generating content of Shanxi Formation is more than that of Taiyuan Formation, and the former is the main source rock of the study area. The source rock started to generate gas extensively from Late Jurassic, and the gas-generating climax was in Early Cretaceous. The research shows that the coalbed of Carboniferous and Permian is the main source rock of the Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir of the study area. The methane content variety of gas composition and the gas lateral migration distance further verifies the above conclusion and indicates the gas accumulation in place of Upper Paleozoic of the study area.

Key words: source rock; Upper Paleozoic; Hangjinqi; northern Ordos Basin

鄂尔多斯盆地庆64井区延10油层的储层三维地质建模

张兵1，郑荣才1，张春生2

1.“油气藏地质及开发工程”国家重点实验室(成都理工大学), 成都610059；

2.长江大学地球科学学院，湖北荆州434012

［摘要］探讨储层建模技术在鄂尔多斯盆地元城油田庆64井区延10油层的油藏描述中的应用。通过取心井的岩心资料，综合运用岩性组合特征、沉积结构、构造特征、韵律特征、古生物特征等相标志，认为延10油层属辫状河流相沉积；分析了辫状河道、心滩、天然堤、洪泛平原4种沉积微相的岩性和电性特征，储层非均质性特征；采用序贯指示模拟技术建立了研究区沉积微相模型，并以此模型为基础进一步建立了储层参数模型。验证结果表明，在相控条件下所建模型与实际地质情况符合较好，为油藏数值模拟提供了精确的数据体，也为准确评价油气田储层性质及井网加密调整、挖掘剩余油潜力提供了依据。

［关键词］鄂尔多斯盆地；元城油田；延安组；沉积相；储层；非均质性；地质建模Reservoir sedimentary characteristics and reservoir modeling of Well Qing 64 zone in Yuancheng oilfield, Ordos Basin, China

ZHANG Bing1, ZHENG Rong-cai1, ZHANG Chun-sheng2

1.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology,

Chengdu 610059, China;

2.Earth Science College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China

Abstract: According to drilling and core analysis testing and synthetically using the various facies characteristics, such as palaeontologies characteristics, deposition textures, structure features, and rhythmic features, the authors points out that the study area belongs to the braided stream facies deposition, and analyses the lithology of four kinds of sedimentary microfacies, such as braided channel, channel bar, natural levee, and flood plain, and the characteristics of cores, the electricity nature of the four microfacies including braid, batture, lateral levee, and flood plain. The sedimentary microfacies model and reservoir model of the study area are built by using lots of indicators. The modeling results show that under the control of facies models, the reservoir model can show the facts better, and the model is fit for developing the remaining oil and provides precise data for reservoir value simulation and reliable evidences for accurately evaluating reservoir features, adjusting infill wells and developing the potential of re-maining oil.

Key words：Ordos Basin; Yuancheng oilfield; Yanan Formation; sedimentary facies; reservoir;

heterogeneity; geological model building

黄骅坳陷缓坡带沙河街组物源体系分析

袁淑琴1,2，刘子藏1，李勇3，肖敦清1，蒲秀刚1

1.大港油田勘探开发研究院，天津300280;

2.“油气藏地质及开发工程”国家重点实验室(成都理工大学),成都610059;

3.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，北京100029

［摘要］黄骅坳陷缓坡带位于埕宁隆起和黄骅坳陷的过渡地区，地形坡度较小，显示为埋藏型低角度缓坡带。根据砾石成分、砂岩成分、重矿物、砂体分散体系和沟-谷体系分析的研

究成果，对缓坡带的次级古物源口及古水系进行分解，将其从西到东分为西部物源口、中部物源口和东部物源口。它们呈东西向线状分布于埕宁隆起的北侧缓坡带，古水系的轴向垂直于主要构造线，具有线状物源的特点。此外，在该缓坡带上所发育的3条古水系以短轴的横向水系为特征，水系走向呈近南北向，垂直于主要构造线。研究结果表明，3个次级物源口和古水系不仅控制了缓坡带上砾石成分、砂岩成分、重矿物组合在东西方向的分区和变化，同时多级断阶也控制了砂体分散体系和沟-谷体系在南北方向上的空间展布形态。

［关键词］沙河街组;古物源;古水系; 缓坡带;黄骅坳陷

Provenance system of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the gentle slope (ramp) of the Huanghua depression in Bohai Gulf, China

YUAN Shu-qin1,2, LIU Zi-cang1, LI Yong3, XIAO Dun-qing1, PU Xiu-gang1

1.Institute of Exploration and Exploitation, Dagang Oil Field, Tianjin300280, China;

2.Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;

3.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology,

Chengdu 610059, China

Abstract:The gentle slope (ramp) of the Huanghua depression is a buried slope landform and located on the north slope of the Chengning uplift in the southeast of the Huanghua depression. It can be divided into three tectonic-geomorphologic units from south to north, that is, the outer belt, middle belt and inner belt. By the components of gravel and sandstone, heavy minerals and sandstone bodies dispersion system, the paleo-provenances and paleo-river systems on this slope are established. There are three paleo-provenances and paleo-river systems on the northern gentle slope (ramp) of the Huanghua depression, which are divided into the western, middle and eastern paleo-river system (corresponding to the three paleo-provenances) from west to east. The paleo-river system shows as a branch-river and its strike is vertical to the main tectonic line of the slope. The three paleo-provenances and paleo-river systems control the change of the components of gravel and sandstone, heavy minerals and sandstone bodies dispersion system from west to east on the northern gentle slope (ramp) of the Huanghua depression. Finally the characteristics of the paleo-provenances and paleo-river framework on the ramp of the Huanghua depression are summarized in this paper.

Key words: Shahejie Formation; paleo-provenance system; paleo-river system; ramp; Huanghua depression

东濮凹陷地区东营组低熟原油地球化学特征及油源分析

张庆峰1，沈忠民1，罗小平1，常振恒2

1.“气藏地质及开发工程”国家重点实验室(成都理工大学), 成都610059;

2.中国石化中原油田分公司勘探开发科学研究院,河南濮阳457001

［摘要］对东濮凹陷文留地区东营组原油的族组分、饱和烃色谱特征和生物标志化合物等资料的分析，结果表明东营组含油砂岩抽提物饱和烃一般在50%左右、非烃+芳烃为50%、沥青质一般小于5%;饱和烃同位素变化范围为-27.3‰～-28.1‰，族组分之间的碳同位素分馏效应小; 饱和烃色谱特征差别较大。这主要是与原油不同深度时生物降解作用的程度有关。甾萜烷系列中C27和C29重排甾烷含量低，重排甾烷/规则甾烷的比值在0.1左右，

C2920S/(20S+20R)为0.2~0.4，三环萜烷、四环萜烷含量低，Ts大于Tm，奥利烷与γ蜡烷含量高，反映了高盐度沉积环境下形成的未熟-低熟油特征。油源对比结果显示文留地区西部沙河街组第三段源岩与东营组油藏具有较好的亲源关系。

［关键词］文留地区；东营组；低熟油；生物标志化合物

Geochemical characteristics of crude oil and the analysis of oil sources of Dongying Formation in Wenliu area of Dongpu depression, China

ZHANG Qing-feng1, SHEN Zhong-min1, LUO Xiao-ping1, CHANG Zhen-heng2

1.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoirs Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology,

Chengdu 610059, China;

2.Exploration and Production Research Institute of Zhongyuan Oil Field Branch Company, Puyang 457001, China Abstract: This paper analyzes the group component, the saturated hydrocarbon chromatogram and the biomarkers of the crude oil of Paleogene Dongying Formation in the Wenliu area of the Dongpu depression and the results show that the extractable matter, that is, saturated hydrocarbon from the oil sand of Dongying Formation occupies about 50%, and nonhydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon occupies about 50%, and bitumen is usually ＜5%. The isotope of saturated hydrocarbon varies from -27.3‰ to -28.1‰ and the saturated hydrocarbon chromatogram differs greatly, because it haves something to do with the biodegradation degree of the crude oil in different depths. The C27- and the C29- diasteranes of the sterane and terpane have a low content, and the ratio of diasterane and regular-sterane is about 0.1, and C2920S/(20S+20R) is between 0.2 and 0.4. The tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes are low, and Ts is more than Tm. The oleanane and the γ-wax alkanes are high reflecting the feature of unmature or low-mature oil under sedimentary environments with a high salinity. The analysis of the oil source expresses the intimate relationship between the mudstone of Member 3 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the west of Wenliu and the oil pools of Dongying Formation.

Key words: Wenliu; Dongying Formation; low-mature oil; biomarker

大涝坝地区巴什基奇克组隔夹层特征及分布规律

雍自权1，杨锁1，钟韬1，刘庆松2，张琳羚3

1.成都理工大学能源学院，成都610059;

2.中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探事业部，成都610041;

3.中国石油西南油气田分公司川中油气矿勘探开发研究所,四川遂宁629000

［摘要］塔里木盆地大涝坝地区下白垩统巴什基奇克组岩性剖面存在多套隔夹层，对油气藏开发具有较大影响。通过沉积学及高分辨率层序地层学分析表明，沉积环境不同，隔夹层成因、特点和分布规律有较大的差异。浅湖环境形成的Ⅰ1型隔夹层厚度最大，连续性最好；分流间湾环境形成Ⅰ2型隔夹层及河道间环境形成的Ⅱ1型隔夹层厚度较薄，连续性差；泛滥平原环境形成的Ⅱ2型隔夹层厚度较大，连续性较好。同时,隔夹层的分布规律与其所处中长期基准面旋回背景密切相关。Ⅱ1型隔夹层分布于中长期旋回上升半旋回中下部，且一般发育于高可容纳空间的短期旋回上升半旋回的上部；Ⅰ1型、Ⅱ2型隔夹层在中长期旋回上升半旋回与下降半旋回转换处；Ⅰ2型隔夹层位于中长期旋回下降半旋回下部。在巴什基奇克组剖面上，由下至上隔夹层厚度大致由薄变厚，在中长期旋回的上升半旋回与下降半旋回转换

处隔夹层厚度最大，然后向上隔夹层厚度变薄。

［关键词］巴什基奇克组；隔夹层;高分辨率层序地层学；分布规律

Features and distribution of insulating layers of Bashijiqike Formation in Dalaoba area, Tarim Basin, China

YONG Zi-quan1, Y ANG Suo1, ZHONG Tao1, LIU Qing-song2, ZHANG Lin-ling3

1.College of Energy Resources, Chengdu University of Technology, 610059, China;

2.Exploration Department of Southwest Company, CNPC, Chengdu 610041, China;

3.Exploration and Development Institute, Chuanzhong Oil and Gas Mines, CNPC, Suining 629000, China Abstract: The insulating layers existing in a lithological profile of the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Tarim Basin have influence on developing reservoirs. The cause of formation, the features and distribution principle are different with the difference of sedimentary environment according to the theory and analysis of sedimentology and high resolution sequence stratigraphy. Type Ⅰ1insulating layers formed in shallow lakes are the best in thickness and continuity. Type Ⅰ2and Type Ⅱ1respectively formed in branch bays and inter-channels are inferior in thickness and continuity. Type Ⅱ2 developed in flooding plains is better in thickness and continuity. Also, the distribution principle of insulating layers is consanguineously associated with the middle-long term base level cycles where they are located. Type Ⅱ1 insulating layers are distributed over the middle-lower section of the ascending semi long-middle term cycle and generally develop in the ascending semi-short term cycle in high accommodation. Type Ⅰ1 and Type Ⅱ2ones develop in the transfer level between the ascending and descending semi-long-or-middle term cycles. Type Ⅰ2develops in the lower section of the descending semi-middle-long term cycles. The insulating layers are getting thicker from bottom to up in the profiles of Bashijiqike Formation and are the thickest in the transfer level between the ascending and descending semi-cycles of the middle-long term base level cycles, then get thinner upwards. Key words: Bashijiqike Formation; insulating layers; high resolution sequence; distribution principle

阿克库勒凸起中－上奥陶统地层划分及加里东中期第Ⅰ幕古喀斯特特征

刘存革1,2，李涛2，吕海涛2，丁勇2

1.中国石油大学盆地与油藏研究中心,北京102249;

2.中国石化西北油田分公司,乌鲁木齐830011

［摘要］随着阿克库勒凸起奥陶系油气勘探向外围拓展，需要重新认识中－上奥陶统地层划分方案和加里东中期第Ⅰ幕古喀斯特作用。通过岩心、FMI成像测井、自然伽马能谱测井和古生物资料的对比分析，认为恰尔巴克组GR尖峰下面的含泥灰岩段归于上奥陶统，恰尔巴克组厚度受一间房组上段滩相沉积底形的控制，含泥灰岩段起到填平补齐的作用；FMI成像测井和自然伽马能谱测井中K U和K ThU两个参数能较好地划分该界线，新方案在塔北具有借鉴意义。根据该地层划分方案，中－上奥陶统在S109－S119－S114井以南地区为连续沉积，以北的地区存在暴露剥蚀。加里东中期第Ⅰ幕喀斯特对北部的于奇地区影响较大。

［关键词］阿克库勒凸起；中－上奥陶统；地层划分；古喀斯特

Stratigraphic division of Middle-Upper Ordovician and characteristics of the first episode karstification of Middle Caledonian in Akekule uplift, Xinjiang, China

LIU Cun-ge1,2, LI Tao2, LU Hai-tao2, DING Yong2

1.Basin & Reservoir Research Center, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;

2.Northwest Oilfield Company of SINOPEC, Urumqi 830011, China

Abstract: It is necessary to newly study the stratigraphic division of Middle-Upper Ordovician and the characteristics of the first episode karstification of Middle Caledonian along with the oil and gas exploration in the peripheral regions of the Akekule uplift in Xinjiang. Through comparing and analysing the bore cores, FMI image logging, NGS and conodont fossil, the argillaceous limestone segment under the GR peak of O3q(Upper Ordovician Qiaerbake Formation) belongs to Upper Ordovician, and the thickness of O3q is controlled by the bed form of shoal facies of O2yj(Middle Ordovician Yijianfang Formation). The argillaceous limestone developed in depression areas. FMI and two parameters of NGS, K U and K ThU are effective means for this borderline, and this scheme is important for the north of Tarim area. According to this stratigraphic division scheme, the areas to the south of Wells S109-S119-S114 are successive sedimentation for Middle-Upper Ordovician, and those to the north are exposed. The Yuqi regions in the north are greatly influenced by the first episode karstification of Middle Caledonian.

Key words：Akekule uplift; Middle-Upper Ordovician; stratigraphic division; paleokarst

百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带东段那读组砂岩碎屑组分及物源分析

武文慧，侯明才，李智武

成都理工大学沉积地质研究院，成都610059

［摘要］在大量岩石薄片鉴定的基础上，对百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带东段古近系那读组砂岩的碎屑组分特征及其物源进行了详细分析。结果表明，那读组砂岩以高成分成熟度、低结构成熟度的细砂岩为主；骨架颗粒与重矿物的特征均显示出那读组砂岩的母岩以沉积岩为主，其次为变质岩，且属近物源沉积；其沉积物主要来自北东向和北西向两个方向的物源供给。

［关键词］砂岩组分；物源分析；那读组；百色盆地

Analysis of composition and provenance of sandstones from Paleogene Nadu Formation in the east escarpment in the north of eastern depression, Baise basin, China

WU Wen-hui, HOU Ming-cai, LI Zhi-wu

Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Abstract: The microcosmic characteristics of detrital sediments give an important indication for the provenance of sandstones. The content variation and typomorphic characteristics of the stable fragments and heavy minerals in sandstones can be used to infer the rock type of the provenance and the paleocurrent direction. Based on detailed observation of thin sections, this paper analyzes the textural and compositional characteristics and the provenance of sandstones from the

Paleogene Nadu Formation in the north of the eastern depression of the Baise basin. The fine-grained sandstones are dominant in Nadu Formation, with high compositional maturity and low textural maturity. The characteristics of detrital framework grains and heavy minerals show that the sandstones of Nadu Formation are primarily of sedimentary rocks and secondly of metamorphic derivatives, which are not carried for a long distance. The sandstones of Nadu Formation are derived mainly from two source areas lying to the northeast and northwest of the Baise basin.

Key words: sandstone composition; provenance; Nadu Formation; Baise basin

辽中凹陷中北段重力流发育模式与控制因素

加东辉，周心怀，李建平，赖维成，祝春荣

中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司, 天津300452

［摘要］辽中凹陷中北段东营组发育多种类型的重力流沉积，它们在形成机制上差别较大。在古地貌恢复的基础上，重建了古地理背景，构建了各沉积时期基本的物源系统和构造格架。通过层序地层研究及物源供给系统分析，明确了重力流的沉积类型、层序位置、发育部位和形成机制，建立了三角洲滑塌浊积扇、坡移浊积扇、近岸水下扇、湖底扇和斜坡扇共五种类型的重力流发育模式。通过沉积要素比较分析，提出了上述重力流的发育是物源系统、坡折类型和湖平面变化耦合作用的结果，辽东凸起的形成演化及以其为主导的构造格局决定着重力流的发育特征及分布规律。

［关键词］辽中凹陷；东营组；重力流；发育模式；控制因素；古地貌

Depositional model and controlling factors of sedimentary gravity flows in the central-northern Liaozhong sag, China

JIA Dong-hui, ZHOU Xin-huai, LI Jian-ping, LAI Wei-cheng, ZHU Chun-rong

Tianjin Oilfield Company of CNOOC, Tianjin 441334, China

Abstract: There are several types of sedimentary gravity flows of Paleogene Dongying Formation in the central-northern Liaozhong sag. According to the palaeogeographic background analysis on the basis of palaeogeomorphology, the authors reconstruct the provenance system and the structural framework of study area. After studying the sequence stratigraphy and the provenance system, they definite the sedimentary type, sequence position, depositional area and formation mechanism of the gravity flows and set up the depositional models of the delta slump turbidite fan, slop-moving turbidity fan, nearshore subaqueous fans, sublacustrine fan and slope fan. After analyzing the difference of sedimentary elements, they sum up that sedimentary gravity flows are the coupling result of provenance system, slop type and lake level fluctuation and that the evolution and dominant structural framework of the Liaodong lift control the sedimentary character and distribution characteristics of the gravity flows.

Key words: Liaozhong sag; Dongying Formation; sedimentary gravity flow; depositional model;

control factor; palaeogeomorphology

双坨子气田泉头组第一段沉积微相及储集物性特征

刘运成，阮宝涛，李忠诚，孙艳波，张慧宇

中国石油天然气股份有限公司吉林油田勘探开发研究院，吉林松原138001

［摘要］松辽盆地双坨子气田下白垩统泉头组第一段为主力产气层段，发育曲流河和辫状河沉积体系。利用岩石相与测井相转换技术对其沉积微相进行了划分与对比，进一步识别出边滩、心滩、决口扇、河道滞留、天然堤和泛滥平原等沉积微相，并对其沉积微相平面展布特征进行了研究，为砂体空间分布预测和三维储层属性建模提供了重要依据。砂体展布受控于沉积微相，结合物性资料统计分析，认为边滩砂体是研究区曲流河沉积中最有利的储集相带，心滩砂体是辫状河沉积中最有利的储集相带。

［关键词］双坨子气田；曲流河沉积；辫状河沉积；沉积微相；储集物性

Research on sedimentary microfacies of Member 1 of Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Shuangtuozi gas field of Songliao Basin and reservoir physical property

LIU Yun-cheng, RUAN Bao-tao, LI Zhong-cheng, SUN Yan-bo, ZHANG Hui-yu

Exploration and Development Research Institute, Jilin Oilfield Sub-corporation of CNPC, Songyuan 131100, China

Abstract: Member 1 of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation is the principal section of the Shuangtuozi gas field located in the Songliao Basin. There develops the meandering river deposition system and braided river deposition system. By using the petrofacies and electrofacies switching technology, the authors divide and compare the sedimentary microfacies of Member 1 of Quantou Formation in the study area, and therefore further recognize the sedimentary microfacies, such as marginal bank, point bat, crevasse splay, channel lag, natural levee, bet lands, etc. Also, they study the planar distribution characteristics of the sedimentary microfacies so as to provide significant evidences for forecasting sandbody space distribution and 3-D reservoir modeling. According to statistic analysis of physical property materials, and under the control of sedimentary microfacies, the marginal bank sandbody is the most beneficial reservoir belt in the meandering river deposition system of the study area, and the batture sandbody is that in the braided river depositional system of the study area.

Key words: Shuangtuozi gas field; meandering river depositional system; braided river depositional system; sedimentary microfacies; reservoir physical property

某冰水堆积体层流－紊流过渡状态渗流特性试验研究

涂国祥，邓辉，蔡国军，李沧海，李俊明

成都理工大学“地质灾害防治与地质环境保护”国家重点实验室，成都610059

［摘要］澜沧江上游两岸河谷地带广泛分布一套规模巨大、形成于第四纪更新世中晚期的冰水堆积体，这类冰水堆积体往往具有较特别的渗流特性。通过对澜沧江某冰水堆积体的结构特征调查和颗粒组成试验分析，从沉积相的角度，认为该冰水堆积体可分为两层：表层厚约40 m的混合巨粒土，和底部厚约17 m的粗颗粒土。通过对这两层冰水堆积体的渗流特点试验研究，结果表明地下水在表层混合巨粒土中的渗流方式主要表现为层流－紊流过渡阶段的

特点，渗流速度与水力梯度成幂函数关系；而在底部粗颗粒土中的运移方式主要表现为层流特点。根据混合巨粒土的渗流特点，文中提出了两种计算其渗透系数的方法，即根据渗透速度和水力梯度关系曲线估算渗透系数，或采用文中提出的公式计算渗透系数。

［关键词］层流；紊流；渗流特性；冰水堆积体；渗透系数；临界水力梯度

Test study on the seepage properties for the transition state from laminar flow to turbulent flow in an outwash deposit

TU Guo-xiang, DENG Hui, CAI Guo-jun, LI Cang-hai, LI Jun-ming

State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Abstract: There are a lot of outwash deposits formed in the medium-term or terminal Pleistocene of the Quaternary Period. They are distributed along the upriver valley of the Lancangjiang River in the southwest of China. The seepage law of the groundwater in the outwash deposits is different from that in other incompact deposits. Through investigating and testing an outwash deposit, a conclusion is drawn that the outwash deposit should be separated into two layers, namely, the surface layer about 40 m thick with giant granular mixture soil and the bottom layer about 17 m thick with coarse granular soil. By testing this seepage law of the groundwater in the outwash deposits, an result is obtained that the groundwater moving properties of the surface mixture soil with giant granular is expressed in a transition state from laminar flow to turbulent flow, and the relationship between seepage velocity and hydraulic gradient can be described in power function. However, that of the bottom coarse granular soil is like laminar flow. Based on this testing, two methods to calculate the outwash deposit seepage coefficient are brought forward. One is to estimate the seepage coefficient by the curve of seepage velocity and hydraulic gradient, and another is to calculate that by the formula suggested in this paper.

Key words: laminar flow; turbulent flow; seepage property; outwash deposit; seepage coefficient;

critical hydraulic gradient

四川黄龙景区“源水”成因浅析

万新南1，杨菊1，程温莹1，罗丽1，安德军2，唐淑2，台永东2

1.成都理工大学“地质灾害防治与地质环境保护”国家重点实验室，成都610059;

2.四川省黄龙管理局，四川阿坝624600

［摘要］四川黄龙景区“源水”成因的研究历年来被专家所关注。通过对“源水区”化学场和地温场动态变化的分析，发现黄龙景观“源水区”水量、水质与水温直接受降水与季节影响，认为“源水区”钙华泉水的补给主要来自上游望乡台湿地生态水、降水、地表溪流。

［关键词］钙华；源水；湿地；补给; 黄龙景区

Headwater origin analysis in the Huanglong scenic spot, Sichuan, China

WAN Xin-nan1, Y ANG Ju1, CHENG Wen-ying1, LUO Li1, AN De-jun2, TANG Shu2, TAI Yong-dong2

1.State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of

Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;

2.Huanglong Administrative Bureau, Aba 624600, China

Abstract：The research on the headwater origin of the Huanglong scenic spot in Sichuan has been by hydrogeologists and geo-chemists. A dynamic analysis of the “source water” chemical field and geothermal field shows that the headwater origin water, water quality and water temperature are directly affected by seasons and precipitation. The “source water area” travertine springs supply is considered mainly to come from wetland ecological water, precipitation, surface streams of the upper reaches point township units.

Key words: travertine; source water; marsh; supply; the Huanglong scenic spot

有耗色散地质介质中电磁波传播特性的FDTD计算分析

郭江，曹俊兴，何晓燕

成都理工大学信息工程学院，成都610059

［摘要］介绍一种基于三维时域有限差分法(FDTD)的有耗色散地质介质中电磁波传播特性数值分析方法。通过将色散介质本构关系和场量关系直接变换为时域微分方程的方法，导出了适用于一般色散介质中电磁场分析的时域有限差分法计算公式，并将完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界融入了FDTD计算格式。通过计算分析了介质色散对电磁波场传播的影响，观测到介质色散会导致电磁脉冲在传播中波形展宽、位相滞后、幅度减小。因此，电磁探测数据的处理解释应将介质的色散影响纳入考虑。

［关键词］时域有限差分法(FDTD)；色散介质；完全匹配层(PML)；各向异性PML吸收边界

FDTD modeling of the electromagnetic field in lossy dispersive earth media

GUO Jiang, CAO Jun-xing, HE Xiao-yan

College of Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Abstract: This paper presents a three dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling technique for the electromagnetic field in lossy dispersive earth media. The FDTD schemes are deduced by transforming directly the constitutive relations of dispersive media and the relations of the electromagnetic field components into time-domain differential equations. The perfectly matched layer (PML) is extended to match the dispersive media and used as an absorbing boundary condition to simulate the open space. The paper describes the numerical simulation of the electromagnetic wave propagation in lossy dispersive earth media. The modeling results show that the dispersion of the media has a notable effect on the electromagnetic wave propagation and will make the pulse waveform broaden and the phase delay. The dispersion of the media should be taken into account during the data processing and the interpretation of electromagnetic methods.

Key words: finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method; perfectly matched layer(PML);

anisotropic PML absorbing boundary; dispersive media

长江流域四川段Cd异常源追踪

黄修保1，严如忠2，龚敏3

1.中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所，北京100037;

2.江西省地质矿产勘查开发局，南昌330002;

3.中国地质大学地球科学学院，武汉430074

［摘要］在成都经济区区域生态地球化学调查基础上，重点研究长江各支流重金属元素Cd 的来源与分布、分配特征，定量估算金沙江等四大支流Cd的输出通量。结果表明，该区早期及现代沉积物、悬浮物中Cd均为高背景值，其质量分数达0.2×10-6；水系沉积物及悬浮物中Cd的高值点明显受到流域内分布的铅锌矿、金矿等多金属硫化物矿床或矿点影响；区内各水系Cd的输出通量明显增加，岷江、沱江Cd的输出通量占流域总通量的比例上升，嘉陵江所占比例下降，金沙江略有变化；水体中Cd的输出通量所占比例在泥沙中减少，在悬浮态和溶解态中增加。

［关键词］重金属元素;镉;迁移通量;长江流域;四川

Tracing of Cd anomalous source along the Sichuan section of the Yangtze valley in China

HUANG Xiu-bao1, Y AN Ru-zhong2, GONG Min3

1.Institute of Mineral and Resource, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;

2.The Bureau of Exploration & Development of Geology & Mineral Resources of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang

330002, China;

3.Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Abstract: On the basis of the regional eco-geochemical investigation in the Chengdu economic zone, this article studies the origin, the composition and the distribution characteristics of the heavy metal element Cd estimates quantitatively the output flux of Cd along four big branches of Yangtze River such as the Jinshajiang River. The result indicates that Cd in suspended loads of the modern and earlier sediments possesses the high background with the mass fraction of 0.2×10-6; The high value of Cd in the stream sediments and the suspended loads is obviously influenced by poly-metallic sulphide deposits or the mineralization points distributed over the basin including lead-zinc mine, gold mine, and so on, Cd output flux in various streams in the Sichuan section of the Yangtze valley is obviously increasing, the proportion of Cd output flux in Minjiang River and Tuojiang River to the total flux is increasing, and in Jialinjiang River is reducing and in Jinshajiang River slightly changes. The proportion of Cd output flux in silts (sand) along the branches is reducing, however in a suspension state and dissolution state, it is increasing.

Key words: heavy metal element; cadmium; migration flux; Yangtze valley; Sichuan

迁移方程中放射性污染物衰变项(－λ C R d)商榷

李宽良，孙晋玉

成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院，成都610059

［摘要］文献中，放射性污染物在地下水中有吸附迁移方程的衰变项，表示为：－λ C R d。该形式是在将吸附相质量与溶解相质量加和后一并考虑；或者是将吸附相与溶解相的质量变

化都包含在质量守恒方程中导出的。这种观点及方法，忽视了在局部平衡假设成立条件下，吸附分配系数(K d)和滞留系数(R d)为定值的事实，误将吸附相也作为迁移组分；还忽略了使用质量守恒定律时，必须以溶质具备示踪剂性质为前提条件。所以，表达式中的“－λ C R d”有误。实际上，在平衡状态下，吸附相不迁移，吸附作用使地下水净化。吸附相的衰变作用与迁移方程的衰变项无关。衰变项是指地下水中污染溶质的衰变作用，其数学表达式应为：?C/?t=－λ C,而不是－λ C R d。后者会造成虚假的衰变影响，从而导致环境安全评价存在重大失误隐患。

［关键词］放射性污染；地下水；迁移方程；衰变项(－λ C)

Discussion on the decay term (－λCR d)of radioactive wastes in the transport equation

LI Kuan-liang, SUN Jin-yu

College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China Abstract: In the literature, the decay term of adsorptive radioactive wastes is expressed as “－λCR d” in the groundwater transport equation. This expression accounts for the sum of the adsorption mass and the dissolved phase mass, or includes the mass change of the adsorption and the dissolved phase in the mass conservation equation. This viewpoint and the measure overlook the fact that under the assumption of the local equilibrium, the partition coefficient of adsorption (K d) and the retarded coefficient (R d) are fixed values, mistake the adsorption phase for transport constituents, and lose sight of that when the mass conservation equation is used the precondition is that the solute must have the characters of the trace reagent. Therefore, the expression of －λCR d is wrong. In fact, in the equilibrium state, the adsorption phase does not transport, and adsorption effect will clean the groundwater. The decay effect of the adsorption phase is independent of the decay term in the transport equation. The decay term is the decay effect of the contaminative solute, thus the math expression should be ?C/?t=－λC in stead of －λCR d. The latter has a false decay influence that will lead to magnitude hidden trouble in the safety evaluation of the environment.

Key words: radioactive wastes; groundwater; transport equation; decay term (－λC)