第一篇 实验室认可相关的术语和定义(原创,含解读)

第一篇  实验室认可相关的术语和定义(原创,含解读)
第一篇  实验室认可相关的术语和定义(原创,含解读)

第一篇实验室认可相关的术语和定义1.合格评定与实验室认可

合格评定:Conformity Assessment (ISO 17000:2004)

对关于产品、过程、体系、人员或机构的规定要求已被满足的证明。

注1 合格评定范畴包括本标准其它地方所描述的活动,如检测、检查和认证,以及对合格评定机构的认可;

注2 本标准所称的“合格评定对象”或“对象”包含合格评定所针对的特定材料、产品、安装、过程、体系、人员或机构,产品的定义中包含服务。

合格评定机构:Conformity Assessment Body(ISO 17000:2004)

从事合格评定服务的机构。

注认可机构不是合格评定机构。

认证:Certification (ISO 17000:2004)

与产品、过程、体系或人员有关的第三方证明。

注1 管理体系认证有时也被称为注册;

注2 认证适用于除合格评定机构自身以外的所有合格评定对象,对合格评定机构适用认可。

认可:A ccreditation (ISO 17000:2004)

正式表明合格评定机构具备实施特定合格评定工作的能力的第三方证明。

认可机构:A ccreditation Body (ISO 17000:2004)

实施认可(5.6)的权威机构。

注认可机构的权利通常源自政府。

检测:Testing(ISO 17000:2004)

按照程序确定合格评定对象的一个或多个特性的活动。

注“检测”主要应用于材料、产品或过程。

校准:Calibration (VIM)

在规定的条件下,为确定测量仪器或测量系统所指示的量值,或实物量具或标准物质所代表的量值,与对应的由测量标准所复现的量值之间关系的一组操作。

注1 校准结果既可赋予被测量以示值,也可确定示值的修正值;

注2 校准也可以确定其它计量特性,如影响量的作用;

注3 校准结果可以记录在“校准证书”或“校准报告”中。

2.理解

检测是合格评定的手段之一,适用于合格评定的部分对象,如材料、产品或过程;

校准是确保检测准确性的手段之一,适用于检测活动中使用的测量仪器或测量系统所指示的量值,多实物量具或标准物质所代表的量值等对象;

表1

参考文献:

1、中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 27025 2008

2、中国合格评定国家认可委 CNAS-CL01 2006

3、《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》实验室能力认可培训讲义张福刚

4、良好实验室规范 Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) GB/T 22272~22278

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