2019年全国研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案解析
2019 年研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案解析
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize.
3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4__can`t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.
When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.__9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.
If you`ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be
11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another 12 :Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 ,even in dense forest, you should able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.
18 ,assuming you`re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the
19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can
20 you to civilization.
1.[A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All
2.[A]put [B]take [C]run [D]come
3.[A]Since [B]If [C]Though [D]Until
4.[A]formally [B]relatively [C]gradually [D]literally
5.[A]back [B]next [C]around [D]away
6.[A]onto [B]off [C]across [D]alone
7.[A]unattractive [B]uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar
8.[A]site [B]point [C]way [D]place
9.[A]So [B]Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides
10.[A]immediately [B]intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D]eventually
11.[A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused
12.[A]problem [B]option [C]view [D]result
13.[A]Above all [B]In contrast [C]On average [D]For example
14.[A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate
15.[A]from [B]through [C]beyond [D]under
16.[A]posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks
17.[A]artificial [B]mysterious [C]hidden [D]limited
18.[A]Finally [B]Consequently [C]Incidentally [D]Generally
19.[A]memories [B]marks [C]notes [D]belongings
20.[A]restrict [B]adopt [C]lead [D]expose
今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。完形填空取材于名叫Popular Science 的网站，文章题目是How to find your way out of the woods without tools—or your phone。考题截取了网站中的部分文章。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。
1.【答案】C Few
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。文章首段首句为主题句，谈到我们生活在一个GPS 定位系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都能在手机中找到的世界里。空格句指出：我们中的在没有手机的情况下走进森林。走进森林或者陌生地方我们需要地图的指引，所以句意为在没有手机的情况下我们很少有人走进森林。Without 与few 相呼应。Few 表示几乎没有，填入符合文意。
2.【答案】C run
【解析】此处考察词组搭配。Put on batteries 表示手机需要电池才能正常使用。P ut on（穿上；增加；使运转），take on（承担；呈现；雇佣），come on（快点；开始），放入句中均与句意不符。
3.【答案】B If
【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。空格所在句指出：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明之地。看过四个选项之后我们发现此题考察的是逻辑关系，此处为假设情况，B 选项代入原文更符合句意。S ince（因为；自从），though（虽然），until（直到）。
4.【答案】D literally
【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析。空格所在句指出：如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，你……找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航……文明之地。将四个选项formally（正式地），relatively（相对地），gradually（逐渐地），literally（确实地，真正地）带入目标空，发现只有D 选项符合文意。
5.【答案】A back
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格所在句指出：如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，你肯定找不到北方，那么我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明之地。前文说到迷路（lost），空格句说我们有一些技巧帮助你文明之地，肯定是回到（back）文明之地。
6.【答案】B off
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+词组搭配，需要运用段落总分结构法解题。空格句指出：当你发现自己正好一条小径，而不是在完全地形中时，你必须回答两个问题：在这个特定的地区，哪个是下坡？最近的水源在哪里？目标空出现在句首，运用我们课上讲过的段落总分结构法解题：段首出现空不要着急做题，要看段落剩下的部分所表达的意思，通过后面文章可以发现，前文想表达当你便宜正常路线，迷失踪迹的时候。B 选项远离，离开符合句意。
7.【答案】D unfamiliar
【解析】此处考察词义辨析。空格所在后半句出现了but 这个很重要很明显的转折词，那么所填入的词要与前面的句意构成转折关系，前文说到虽然偏离了路线，
但是也不是完全不熟悉路，D 选项unfamiliar（不熟悉的，不常见的）符合句意，为正确选项。Una ttractive（不吸引人的），unc row ded（不拥挤的），unchanged（未改变的，没有变化的）均与句意不符。
8.【答案】C way
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。当你发现自己远离一条小径，而不是在完全陌生的地形中时，你必须回答两个问题：在这个特定的地区，哪个是下坡？最近的水源在哪里？文章都在讨论迷路之后的对策和办法，那迷路了我们就需要找到回家或者有人烟地方的路，空格处刚好也是要表达这样的意思，事要找到下坡的路，所以C 选项正确。sit e（地点，位置，场所），point（要点），place （地点，地方）三个选项均不符合句意表达，故不入选。
9.【答案】A So
【解析】此处考察逻辑连接词。空格前一句指出：生活在山谷中的人基本上靠饮用淡水为生，紧接着空格句：你下山沿着水走就会发现人类活动的迹象......
很明显前后两句之间是因果的逻辑关系，A 选项So 是表示因果关系的连接词。
10.【答案】D eventually
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格句句意：所以如果你下山沿着水走，你发现人类活动的迹象......所填入的副词需要与语境相符，D 选项eventually（最终，最后）符合句意。Immediately（立即，立刻），intentionally（有意地，故意地），unexpectedly（意外地，出乎意料地）三个选项带入空格处均不符合句意。
11.【答案】A surprised
【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。从该句“如果你之前探索过这一区域，那就留心观察那些熟悉的记号，或许你可以……很快地找到一块醒目的岩石或者大树能重新
12.【答案】B option
【解析】这里提到了一个关键词another，所以说明它所指代的内容在上文中提到过，且后面有冒号解释说明：爬到高处，寻找人类居住的迹象。说明这也是一种方法，所以只有option 最合适。
13.【答案】D For example
【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。前面说了一种大致的方法，后面内容是具体分析，所以用表示举例分析的for example 最合适，其他选项最重要的是、相反、平均都不合适。
14.【答案】C spot
【解析】考察搭配。结合原文语境，“即使是在茂密的森林里，你也应该能够……林木线的缝隙。”所以这里填上一个动词后面的宾语是缝隙的只有观察这个意思，所以答案只能是spot,而bridge the gap 是弥补代沟，其他几个意思不符。
15.【答案】B through
【解析】本题考察介词搭配。“因为道路、电线、火车轨道和其他道路都是人们……树林中开辟的。”这里填的介词强调与动词carve 搭配，表示从树林中carve 开来，所以through 最合适。
16.【答案】D breaks
【解析】本题考察词义复现。“朝着这些……走，找到一条出路。”前面提到了代词these,所以内容肯定有所指代，根据前文动词carve 开辟，能得出大概意思为岔路口，符合题意的就是breaks, 而post 标杆，link 联系，shade 阴影都不符合。17.【答案】A artificial
【解析】根据本题语境，强调在夜晚，可以用……光源探路，如火源和路灯，填词为形容词修饰light sources，后面举例说明了是火源和路灯，而这种光源不是天然的，而是人工的，所有artificial 完美符合。其他的mysterious 神秘的，hidden 隐藏的，limited 有限的均不符合。
18.【答案】A Finally
【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。可以先看选项finally 最终地，consequently 因此，incidentally 偶然地，generally 通常地，结合文章后面一句，“……，假设你迷失在一个人类常去的地方，寻找我们在风景上留下的……。”能看出，跟上一句之间说的是另外一种情况，而得出的另一种说法，所以finally 更合适。19.【答案】B marks
【解析】本题考察逻辑关系。根据原文语境“…look for the …we leave on the landscape.”“假设你迷失在一个人类常去的地方，寻找我们在风景上留下
的……”。既然迷失了，肯定是寻找记号，答案mar ks最合适。
20.【答案】C lead
【解析】考察搭配Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can …you to civilization 山火、轮胎痕迹和其他特征可以……你走向现代文明社会。只有“带你”最符合，所以选择lead，而restrict 限制，adopt 采取，收养，expose 暴露，曝光均不符合。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）
Text 1
Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.
“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been
dubbed “quarterly capitalism”
In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. "There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.
In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short -termism .” In its latest survey of CEO pay ,The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part ” of executive pay is now tied to performance .
Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism，” such as changes in th e tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.
Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.
21.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the
A.enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility
B.help corporations achieve larger profits
C.build a new system of financial regulation
D.guarantee the bonuses of top executives
22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate
A.the conditions for generating quick profits
https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a10051031.html,ernments’ impatience in decision-making
C.the solid structure of publicly traded companies
D.“short-termism” in economic activities
23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies
can be
A.indirect
B.adverse
C.minimal
D.temporary
24.The US and France examples and used to illustrate
A.the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.
B.the significance of long-term thinking.
C.the approaches to promoting “long-termism”.
D.the prevalence of short-term thinking.
25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Failure of Quarterly Capitalism
B.Patience as a Corporate Virtue
C.Decisiveness Required of Top Executives
D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers
21.答案【A】enhance bankers’sense of responsibility
解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词Paragraph 1 和one motive in imposing the new rule 定位到第一段第三句。The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution.这项“回扣”规则的主要目的是让银行家为有害的风险承担责任，并恢复公众对金融机构的信任。正确答案A 的enhance bankers’sense of responsibility 增强银行家的责任感, 是原文的同义表达。干扰项 B 的help corporations achieve larger profits 帮助公司获得更大的利润，并未提及，是常识性干扰。选项C 的build a new system of financial regulation 建立新的金融监管体系，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项D 的guarantee the bonuses of top executives 保证高层管理人员的奖金与原文提到的any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years 任何有保证的高管奖金都可能推迟10 年，表述相反，属于正反混淆。
22.答案【D】“short-termism” in economic activities
2017年考研英语考试真题
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ，t oday’s unem ployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course 14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield 15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into 20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal
2019年MBA考研英语(二)真题及答案
2019年MBA/MPA考研英语（二）真题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C]Otherwise [D] However 2. [A] helps [B]cares [C]warns [D] reduces 3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally 4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting 5. [A] modify [B] set [C]review [D] reach 6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction 7. [A] due to [B]regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with 8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate 9. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods 10. [A] instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed 11. [A] report [B] share [C] share [D] share 12. [A] depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for 13. [A] prepare [B]share [C]share [D] share 14. [A] results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests 15. [A] bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D] sick 16. [A] principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign 17. [A] request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish 18. [A] disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming 1
研究生英语考试试卷
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2019年考研英语一阅读理解答案
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2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解
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2019年考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版(20200520190227)
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