浅谈雅思大作文的审题

浅谈雅思大作文的审题
浅谈雅思大作文的审题

浅谈雅思大作文的审题

很多考生在拿到雅思写作分数后都会很疑惑:明明我的观点陈述都已经达到了不错的水平,为什么最终结果还是没能达到自己的理想呢?今天文都国际教育老师将就如何审题,以及如何扣题讨论,帮助大家杜绝跑题偏题的现象。

一、大作文的题目结构以及注意点

雅思大作文的题目通常由两部分构成:

In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing.

Does this trend have positive or negative effect on society?

以上这道题目的句话首先给出了一个事实,接着是一个问句,问你觉得这是好事还是坏事;有的时候题目会假定一个观点,问你是否同意。需注意这类题目问法较为多变,常见有以下几种形式:

Is this a positive or negative development?

Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

To what extent do you agree or disagree?/Do you agree or disagree?

Does it have positive or negative effects?

这里出现个注意点:当问题问我们是好还是坏,或问我们是否同意时,我们的立场可否为中立?答案是:可以!

我们在说一个事物的好坏的时候可以说它全是坏处或全是好处;也可以说它有好有坏。很多学生可能会顾虑,如果我采取中立是否会显得我立场不坚定呢?答案是:否。这个世界上大多数的事物都不可能是非黑即白的。中立并非立场不坚定,而是体现你思考的批判性和客观性。而这两点也正是西方文化中非常器重的品质。此外,我们也要求学生能尽可能写足事物的两面性,这样才能凑足观点,不至于无话可说。

但在一种情况下,我们的立场绝对无法中立。如题:

Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, and it is often argued that these are the best people to talk to teenagers about the dangers of committing a crime.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

当题目中出现类似“best”、“only”、“never”这些词的时候我们的立场还能中立么?当然不能。试想一样东西要么就是最好,要么就是不是最好,有所谓的“中间状态”存在的可能么?所以碰到这类题目,我们一定要在一开始就明确立场表面自己的态度。但请注意,虽然我们的立场是一边倒的,比如我支持手机是目前最好的通讯工具,但这并不影响我在论述中提到手机的缺点。因为一样东西是best, 并不意味着它不存在缺点,而只是相较于其他东西它优势更大。所以在具体论述中,我们依然要做到客观与批判性。

另外一类题目要求如下:

Some people think children with different abilities should be taught together to benefit everyone, while others argue that talented children should be treated separately. Discuss both views and give your own opinions.

这类题目要求我们讨论两方观点,并给出自己的看法。在此我们需注意两点:

1. 讨论不代表认同。很多学生觉得既然题目要求讨论某一观点我们就要顺着这个观点的思路展开说下去,其实不然。我们在具体讨论过程中可以同意这一观点,也可以反对这一观点。

2. 没有必要单独用一段来表达你自己的看法。因为当你在讨论双方观点的时候,你必然会融入自己的看法进去,不然何为讨论呢?若你再另起一段罗列自己看法的时候,这段一般就是全文的conclusion了,不然就会出现观点的重复而使文章显得啰嗦。

二、大作文题目中的限定范围

雅思大作文中存在很多类似的话题,如果我们不对其进行具体分析可能会觉得每道题目的写法都差不多,而事实上能否找出这些看上去大同小异的题目中的细微区别直接影响我们的写作是否扣题。

让我们来试着对比两题:

题1:Some people believe children should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

题2:Some people believe that children can learn effectively by watching TV and they should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

如果不仔细看,肯定有些同学会觉得这两题都是在问看电视对孩子的好处跟坏处,但我们如果仔细分析会发现,第二题的论述范围是“learn effectively”, 所以要求我们所有的观点都要围绕是否对孩子的“学习有利”这一点去说,如果你在其中说了别的就有跑题的嫌

疑。比如有的同学会写“长期看电视会让孩子视力下降并影响身体健康”就不是一个特别切合的观点了,因为这与是否有利于学习无关。就算你要写这一点也要提到视力跟身体健康跟学习有何关系,如你应该进一步提到“如果视力下降了就会影响正常学习”这才能把观点拉回题目的正轨上来。

再举个例子:

题1:Nowadays, distance-learning programmes have gained in popularity, but some people argue that courses can never be taken as good as those by attending a college or university. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

题2:Nowadays, distance-learning programmes have gained in popularity, but some people argue college and university has more advantages for students. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

同样这两道题乍看之下都是在讨论远程教育和传统教育的优缺点,但事实上它们讨论的范围是不同的。题强调的范围是”courses can never be taken as go od as those by attending a college or university.”, 也就是说它仅仅讨论在上课这点上两种方法谁优谁劣,所以如果你在论述中提到如“学生在大学中能交到更多朋友,有利于扩大交际圈,提升社交能力,为将来事业提供人脉”这类观点就不合适,真正扣题的观点应该是“学生在大学中会碰到同学间的合作及竞争,从而更有效地提高学习成绩”。

三、如何在行文中做到扣题

那么我们如何能在遣词造句中时刻体现我们扣题的意识呢?一种常见的方法是不断出现与题目关键词相关的词或句。来具体看两道题目:

题1:Since science and technology are becoming more and more important in modern society,school should spend more time on teaching these subjects rather than on arts and humanities.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

题2:Many people think that painting and music do not directly improve the quality of people;therefore, government should not spend too much money on artistic projects. Do you agree ordisagree with the statement?

虽然两道题都是就是否需要艺术进行讨论,不同点在于一个是从政府角度而一个是从学校角度。虽然这两道问题都可以采用某些通用的论点,比如:Arts can provide people with life-long skills, enhance people’s creativity and broaden their horizons.(艺术能够使人们受益终身,提升人们的创造力,开阔人们的眼界。)虽然这样写未尝不可,但还是没有充分做到“扣题”。所以我们要做的是在这个观点中加入题目中的元素。比如个问题是在说学校,那我们则可以改写成School’s mission is to provide students with life-long skills, enhance creativity and broaden their horizons, and such qualities can be developed through subjects of arts and humanities.

以上就是老师分享的浅谈雅思大作文的审题详细内容,希望对同学们的备考有帮助。最后,预祝大家考出满意的成绩。

文章来源于文都国际教育:https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a10130160.html,/kaopei/ielts/writing_ielts/11880.shtml

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