常用的前缀和后缀

一、常用的前缀和后缀

1、常用前缀

aero-：concerning the air of aircraft plane—aeroplane

space—aerospace

anti-：against；opposite of nuclear—antinuclear

matter—antimatter

war—antiwar

auto-：of or by oneself biography—autobiography criticism—autocriticism

be-：to treat as the stated thing friend—befriend

little—belittle

bi-：two；twice；double

lingual—bilingual

cycle—bicycle

bio-：concerning living things chemistry—biochemistry sphere—biosphere

by-，bye-：less important

produce—by-produce

way—byway

centi-：hundredth part

grade—centigrade

meter—centimeter

co-：together，with

author—coauthor

exist—coexist

col-：( used before l ) together，with location—collocation

com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with

passion—compassion

con-：together，with

centric—concentric

federation—confederation

contra-：opposite

diction—contradiction

natural—contranatural

cor-：( used before r ) together，with

relate—correlate

respond—correspond

counter-：opposite

act—counteract

attack—counterattack

cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them country—crosscountry

breed—crossbreed

de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce code—decode

value—devalue

dis-：not；the opposite of

advantage—disadvantage

agree—disagree

honest—dishonest

em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become body—embody

power—empower

en-：to cause to become；to make

danger—endanger

large—enlarge

ex-：former ( and still living )

minister—ex-minister

wife—ex-wife

extra-：outside；beyond

curricular—extracurricular

ordinary—extraordinary

fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front arm—forearm

warn—forewarn

il-：( used before l ) not

legal—illegal

literate—illiterate

im-：( used before b，m，p ) not

moral—immoral

possible—impossible

in-：not

direct—indirect

sensitive—insensitive

infra-：below in a range；beyond

red—infrared

structure——infrastructure

inter-：between；among

change——interchange

national——international

intra-：inside，within；into

city——intracity

department——intra-department

ir-：（used before r）not

regular——irregular

responsible——irresponsible

kilo-：thousand

gram——kilogram

meter——kilometer

macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of

economics——macroeconomics structure——macrostructure

mal-：bad or badly function——malfunction treat——maltreat

micro-：extremely small computer——microcomputer electronics——microelectronics

mid-：middle

day——midday

night——midnight

mini-：small；short

bus——minibus

skirt——miniskirt

mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly fortune——misfortune understand——misunderstand

mono-：one；single plane——monoplane tone——monotone

multi-：more than one；many purpose——multipurpose national——multinational

non-：not

resident——non(-)resident sense——nonsense

out-：outside；beyond live——outlive

door——outdoor

over-：too much；above；additional head——overhead time——overtime

poly-：many

centric——polycentric syllabic——polysyllabic

post-：later than；after

graduate——postgraduate

war——postwar

pre-：before；in advance

pay——prepay

war——prewar

pro-：in favor of，supporting

America——pro-America

abortion——pro-abortion

pseudo-：not real；false

name——pseudonym

science——pseudoscience

re-：again；back to the former state

unite——reunite

use——reuse

self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in oneself or itself

employed——self-employed

taught——self-taught

semi-：half；partly

circle——semicircle

final——semifinal

step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried mother——stepmother

children——stepchildren

sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger whole

divide——subdivide

section——subsection

super-：more，larger，greater than usual market——supermarket

natural——supernatural

tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television communication——telecommunication

screen——telescreen

therm(o)-：concerning heat chemistry——thermochemistry meter——thermometer

trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between Atlantic—transatlantic

plant—transplant

tri-: three; three times

angular—triangular

cycle—tricycle

ultra-: beyond; very, extremely modern—ultramodern

sound—ultrasound

un-: not

certain—uncertain

fortunate—unfortunate

under-: too little; below develop—underdevelop

sea—undersea

uni-: one, singer

form—uniform

directional—unidirectional

vice-: next in the rank; below

chairman—vice-chairman

president—vice-president

2.常用后缀

（1）名词后缀

-ability，-ibility

able—ability

flexible—flexibility

-age

post—postage

short—shortage

-al

arrive—arrival refuse—refusal

-an，-ian，-arian library—librarian music—musician

-ance，-ence appear—appearance refer—reference

-ancy，-ency emerge—emergency expect—expectancy

-ant，-ent apply—applicant correspond—correspondent -cy

accurate—accuratcy private—privacy

-dom

king—kingdom free—freedom

-ee

employ—employee interview—interviewee

-er，-or，-ar paint—painter beg—beggar

-ery

brave—bravery slave—slavery

-ese

China—Chinaese Japan—Japanese

-ess

actor—actress waiter—waitress

-ful

hand—handful spoon—spoonful

-hood child—childhood man—manhood

-ics electron—electronics linguist—linguistics

-ion，-ition，-ation collect—collection observe—observation

-ism

Marx—Marxism socialist—socialism

-ist psychiatry—psychiatrist violin—violinist

-ity，-ty cruel—cruelty pure—purity

-ment move—movement retire——retirement

-ness dark——darkness happy——happiness

-ology climate——climatology future——futurology

-ship

friend——friendship scholar——scholarship

-sion，-ssion decide——decision expand——expansion

-th

grow——growth

wide——width

-ure

close——closure expose——exposure

(2)动词前缀

-en

deep——deepen

fast——fasten

-ify

class——classify simple——simplify

-ize，-ise modern——modernize / modernize popular——popularize / popularize

(3)形容词后缀

-able，-ible

suit——suitable question——questionable

-al

nature——natural structure——structural

-an，-arian，-ian suburb——suburban Canada——Canadian

-ant，-ent

differ——different please——pleasant

-ary，-ory advise——advisory custom——customary

-ate consider——considerate fortune——fortunate

-en

gold——golden wood——wooden

-ese

China——Chinese Japan——Japanese

-free

care——carefree duty——duty-free

-ful

care——careful pain——painful

-ic，-ical

atom——atomic psychology——psychological

-ish

girl——girlish child——childish

-ive

create——creative support——supportive

-less

hope——hopeless pain——painless

-like

child——childlike lady——ladylike

-ly

man——manly

month——monthly

-ous，-ious

danger——dangerous

poison——poisonous

-some

tire——tiresome

trouble——troublesome

-ward

down——downward

up——upward

-y

guilt-guilty

noise-noisy

(4)副词后缀

-ly

easy-easily

heavy-heavily

-ward，-wards

east-eastward(s)

north-northward(s)

-wise

clock-clockwise

other-otherwise

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4e17446499.html,/english/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=53321

前缀

1, a-

1) 加在单词或词根前面，表示“不，无，非”。

acentric；amoral；

2) 加在单词前，表示“在，的”

asleep；aside

2, ab-, abs- 加在词根前，表示“相反，变坏，离去”

abnormal,；abuse

3, ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前，表示“一再”等加强意。

accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract

4, ad-加在单词或词根前，表示“做，加强”。adapt, adopt, adjoin, adjust, adventure

5, amphi- “两个，两种”。

amphibian

6, an-在词根前，表示“不，无”。anonymous, anarchism

7, ana-表示“错误，在旁边，分开”analogy, analysis

8, ante-表示“前面，先”

antedate, anterior, antecedent

9, anti-表示“反对，相反”

antiwar, antitank, antibody

10, apo- 表示“离开，远离”

apogee

11, auto-“自动，自己”

automobile, automatic, autograph

12, be-

1）构成动词，表示“使成为”

befall, befriend, behold

2）构成介词

beside, behind, below, before, beneath

13, bene-“善，好”

benefaction, benediction, beneficent

14, bi-表示“两个”

biweekly, bilingual, biennial,

15, by-“在旁边，副的”

byroad, byway, bywork

16, circum-“环绕，周围”

17, co-表示“共同”，通常方在元音词根前。Coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide 18, col-, cor-在同辅音词根前，表示“共同”。collapse, colleague, collect

19, com-, con- “共同”

combine, compassion, commotion,

20,contra-表示“反对，相反”

contrary, contradict, contravene,

21,counter-表示“反对，相反”counteract, counterbalance,

22,de-

表示“去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下”等destruction, demobilize. desalt

表示“使…成为，加强”等

depict

23.di-

表示“两个，双”

dichromatic, dioxide

表示“使…变成，分开，离开”

digest

24,dia- 表示“穿过，二者之间”dialogue, diameter

25,dif- 和辅音重复表示“不，否定，分开”differ, difference, diffident

26,dis-

表示“不，消失掉”

dislike, disorder, dishonest

表示“分开，分离”

dispart, disseminate, dispense

27，dys-表示“坏，不良”

dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunction

28,e-,ef- 表示“出，出来”

evaluate, elongate, elaborate

29,em-,en-

表示“进入…之中，包围”

embrace, embed, empathy

表示“使…进入状态”

empower, embitter, embody

30,epi-表示“在…上，在…周围，在…后面”epidermal, epidemic, epigram

31,eu-表示“好，优秀”

eulogize, euphemism, euphonious

32,ex-

表示“出，出去”

export, exclude, expel

表示“前面的，前任的”

ex-wife, ex-president,

33,exo-表示“外部的，外面”

exogamy, exotic

34,extra-表示“以外的，超过的”extracurriculum, extraordinary,

35,fore-表示“前面，预先”

foresee, forehead, forestall

36,hetero-表示“异类，异种”heterosexual, heterodoxy,

37,homo-表示“同类的”

homogeneous, homonym

38,hyper-表示“超过，太多”hyperactive, hypersensitive,

39,hypo-表示“下面，次等”hypodermic, hypocrisy, hypocrite 40,il-, ir-

放在同辅音词根前表示“不，无”illegal, illiterate, illogical,

表示“使…成为，进入”illustrate, illuminate, illusion,

41,im-,in-

表示“不，无，非”

impossible, immoral, impolite,

表示“向内，进入”

import, imprison, immigrate

42,inter-表示“在…之间，相互”international, interpersonal,

43,intro-表示“向内，入内”introduce, introspect, introvert

44,macro-表示“宏伟，大”macroworld, macrostructure,

45,mal-表示“坏，恶”（亦作male）malcontent, malpractice ,malnutrition 46,micro-表示“微，小”