NSArray用于对象有序集合(数组)NSSet用于对象无序集合(集合)NSDictionary用于键值映射(字典)以上三种集合类是不可变的(一旦初始化后,就不能改变)以下是对应的三种可变集合类(这三种可变集合类是对应上面三种集合类的子类):NSMutableArrayNSMutableSetNSMutableDictionary注:这些集合类只能收集cocoa对象(NSOjbect对象),如果想保存" />

好程序员学习笔记--数组问题

好程序员学习笔记--数组问题
好程序员学习笔记--数组问题

line-height:24px">NSArray用于对象有序集合(数组)

NSSet用于对象无序集合(集合)

NSDictionary用于键值映射(字典)

以上三种集合类是不可变的(一旦初始化后,就不能改变)

以下是对应的三种可变集合类(这三种可变集合类是对应上面三种集合类的子类):

NSMutableArray

NSMutableSet

NSMutableDictionary

注:这些集合类只能收集cocoa对象(NSOjbect对象),如果想保存一些原始的C数据(例如,int, float, double, BOOL等),则需要将这些原始的C数据封装成NSNumber 类型的,NSNumber对象是cocoa对象,可以被保存在集合类中。

===================NSArray====================

Ordered collection of objects.Immutable(you cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created)

Important methods:

+ (id)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObject, ...;//nilterminated

- (int)count;

// 得到array中的对象个数

- (id)objectAtIndex:(int)index; // 得到索引为i的对象

- (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject; // 当anObject出现在array中,则返回yes(实际是通过isEqual:方法来判断)

- (unsigned)indexOfObject:(id)anObject;

// 查找array中的anObject,并返回其最小索引值。没找到返回NSNotFound.

- (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (NSArray *)sortedArrayUsingSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (id)lastObject;

// 得到array中最后一个对象。如果array中没有任何对象存在,则返回nil

注:

类方法arrayWithObjects可以创建anautoreleasedNSArray of the items.例如

@implementation MyObject

- (NSArray *)coolCats{

return [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@“Steve”, @“Ankush”, @“Sean”, nil];

}

@end

Other convenient create with methods (all return autoreleased objects):

[NSString stringWithFormat:@“Meaning of %@ is %d”, @“life”, 42];

[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:ankush, @“TA”, janestudent, @“Student”, nil];

[NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path];

-----创建数组-----

NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc]

initWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,@Four,nil];

self.dataArray = array;

[array release];

NSLog(@self.dataArray count is:%d,[self.dataArray count]);

NSLog(@self.dataArray index 2 is:%@,[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);

------从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级)-------

//arrayWithArray:

NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc]

init];

NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@a,@b,@c,nil];

NSLog(@array:%@,array);

MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];

NSLog(@MutableArray:%@,MutableArray);

array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];

NSLog(@array1:%@,array1);

//Copy

//id obj;

NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@a,@b,@c,@d,@e,@f,@g,@h,nil];

NSLog(@oldArray:%@,oldArray);

for(int i = 0; i [oldArray count]; i++){

obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i]

copy];

[newArray addObject: obj];

}

NSLog(@newArray:%@, newArray);

[newArray release];

//快速枚举

NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

@a,@b,@c,@d,@e,@f,@g,@h,nil];

NSLog(@oldArray:%@,oldArray);

for(id obj in oldArray)

{

[newArray addObject: obj];

}

NSLog(@newArray:%@, newArray);

[newArray release];

//Deep copy

NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

@a,@b,@c,@d,@e,@f,@g,@h,nil];

NSLog(@oldArray:%@,oldArray);

newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);

NSLog(@newArray:%@, newArray);

[newArray release];

===================NSMutableArray==================== Mutable version of NSArray.

- (void)addObject:(id)anObject;// 在array最后添加anObject, 添加nil是非法的.

- (void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)otherArray;//在array最后把otherArray中的对象依次添加进去。

- (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(int)index;//在索引index处插入anObject, 若index被占用,会把之后的object向后移。

- (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(int)index; //删除index处的对象,后面的对象依次向前移。

- (void)removeObject:(id)anObject; // 删除所有和anObject相等的对象,同样使用isEqual:作为相等比较方法.

- (void)removeAllObjects;

注:我们不能把nil加到array中。但有时候我们真想给array加一个空的对象,可以使用NSNull来做这件事。如:

[myArray addObject:[NSNull null]];

-----给数组分配容量-----

//NSArray *array;

array = [NSMutableArrayarrayWithCapacity:20];

-----在数组末尾添加对象-----

//- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;

//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArrayarrayWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,nil];

[arrayaddObject:@Four];

NSLog(@array:%@,array);

-----删除数组中指定索引处对象-----

//-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;

//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,nil];

[arrayremoveObjectAtIndex:1];

NSLog(@array:%@,array);

-----数组枚举-----

//1、- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator; //从前向后

NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,nil];

NSEnumerator *enumerator;

enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];

id thingie;

while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {

NSLog(@thingie:%@,thingie);

}

//2、- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator; //从后向前

NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,nil];

NSEnumerator *enumerator;

enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];

id object;

while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {

NSLog(@object:%@,object);

}

//3、快速枚举

NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects One,@Two,@Three,nil];

for(NSString *string in array){

NSLog(@string:%@,string);

}

-----NSValue(对任何对象进行包装)-----

//将NSRect放入NSArray中

NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

NSValue *value;

CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);

value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];

[array addObject:value];

NSLog(@array:%@,array);

//从Array中提取

value = [array objectAtIndex:0];

[value getValue:rect];

NSLog(@value:%@,value);

----★使用NSMutableArray要防止内存泄露★------

NSObject* p1 = [[NSObject alloc]

init];

NSObject* p2 = [[NSObject alloc]

init];

NSMutableArray* objectsArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

[objectsArray addObject:p1];

NSLog(@p1 count:%d, [p1 retainCount]);//输出2,也就是执行追加对象后,对象的计数器也被加1

//[p1 release];

//NSLog(@p1 count:%d, [p1 retainCount]);

//同样做数组替换时

[objectsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:p2];

NSLog(@p2 count:%d, [p2 retainCount]);//输出2,同样也是2

NSLog(@p1 count:%d, [p1 retainCount]);//输出1,对象p1仍然存在

//[p2 release];

//NSLog(@p2 count:%d, [p2 retainCount]);

//执行清空数组

[objectsArray removeAllObjects];

NSLog(@p2 count:%d, [p2 retainCount]);//输出1,对象p2仍然存在

//[p2 release];

由此可知,每次执行上面的数组操作后,要执行对象release,如上面注释中的语句,才能保证内存不泄露。

NSSet

Unordered collection of objects.

Immutable. You cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created.

Important methods:

+ setWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ...; //nilterminated

- (int)count;

- (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject;

- (id)anyObject;

- (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (id)member:(id)anObject; // uses isEqual: and returns a matching object (if

any)

NSMutableSet

Mutable version of NSSet.

+ (NSMutableSet *)set;

- (void)addObject:(id)anObject;

- (void)removeObject:(id)anObject;

- (void)removeAllObjects;

- (void)unionSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;

- (void)minusSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;

- (void)intersectSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;

NSDictionary

一个dictionary就是key-value对的集合。key是字符串(NSString),value是对象指针。

key在整个dictionary是唯一的。通过方法objectForKey:来获得对应于某个key的一个或多个value(值)。

NSDictionary在创建时,其中所有的key和对应的value都存在了。你可以访问其内容,但不可以修改。

dictionary使用hash表来实现,所以查找速度很快。

- (NSUInteger)hash - (BOOL)isEqual:(NSObject *)obj

Important methods:

+ dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: (id)firstObject, ...;

- (int)count;// 返回有多少对key-value

- (id)objectForKey:(id)key; //返回和key相关联的value。

如果没有和key相关联的value,则返回nil。

- (NSArray *)allKeys; // 返回一个包含所有key的array

- (NSArray *)allValues;

- NSEnumerator *)keyEnumerator; //这个方法是从一个dictionary 中得到一个key 的迭代器.

Enumerators也就是iterators 或enumerations.我们可以使用它来一步一步迭代出集合中的所有成员.

下面是我们可能使用它来列举所有的key- ‐vaule 对

NSEnumerator *e = [myDict keyEnumerator];

for (NSString *s in e) {

NSLog(@key is %@, value is %@, s, [myDict objectForKey:s]);

}

注:NSArray 也有一个类似的方法得到array 的成员迭代器 : objectEnumerator -----创建字典-----

- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;

NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc]

initWithObjectsAndKeys:@One,@1,@Two,@2,@Three,@3,nil];

NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@One];

NSLog(@string:%@,string);

NSLog(@dictionary:%@,dictionary);

[dictionary release];

NSMutableDictionary

Mutable version of NSDictionary.

NSMutableDictionary是NSDictionary的子类。创建后,允许用户添加和删除key 和value。

+ (NSMutableDictionary *)dictionary; // 创建一个空的dictionary

- (void)setObject:(id)anObjectforKey:(id)key; // 使用key和anObject组成一条记录添加到dictionary中

// 如果key已存在,则会先移除旧的key-value,然后再添加新的key-value。

- (void)removeObjectForKey:(id)key;

// 从dictionary中删除一条记录,key以及和它对应的value

- (void)removeAllObjects;

- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(NSDictionary *)otherDictionary;

-----创建可变字典-----

//创建

NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

//添加字典

[dictionary setObject:@One forKey:@1];

[dictionary setObject:@Two forKey:@2];

[dictionary setObject:@Three forKey:@3];

[dictionary setObject:@Four forKey:@4];

NSLog(@dictionary:%@,dictionary);

//删除指定的字典

[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@3]; NSLog(@dictionary:%@,dictionary);

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