农村养老保险相关英语论文翻译

eOur government from the mid-1980s, they began to explore how the establishment of rural social endowment insurance system, so far, the rural social endowment insurance for nearly 20 years. In 1986, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the State Council, relevant ministries sandbar County in Jiangsu Province held a "national rural grass-roots social security forum", the meeting according to the actual situation of China's rural local conditions to carry out the decision of rural social security work. Shanghai, Dalian and some other economically developed areas of rural areas to become the first pilot to launch China's rural social endowment insurance Overture. June 1991, the former Ministry of Civil Affairs Office of rural endowment to develop a "county-level rural social endowment insurance basic plan" to determine the county as the basic unit to carry out the principles of rural social endowment insurance, and in January 1, 1992 onwards in the country promulgation and implementation. The end of 1997, the pilot extended to the country's 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of more than 2,000 counties (cities, districts), a total of 82.8 million rural population to participate in the rural social endowment insurance, the accumulation fund 14 billion yuan, about 55 million people start receiving pensions, pensions of about 16 billion.

我国政府从1980年代中期，开始探索如何建立农村社会养老保险制度，到目前为止，开展农村社会养老保险工作将近20年了。1986年，民政部和国务院等相关部委在江苏省召开了“全国农村基层社会保障工作座谈会””，会议根据我国农村的实际情况决定因地制宜地开展农村社会保障工作。上海，大连和农村地区的其他一些经济发达地区，成为首批推出中国的农村社会养老保险的试点。1991年6月，农村养老，制定了“县级农村社会养老保险基本方案”，确定县为基本单位，开展农村社会养老保险，民政办公室前部，并于1月1日，1992年起在全国颁布实施。1997年底，试点扩大到全国30个省（自治区，直辖市）的2000多个县（市，区），共8280万农村人口参加了农村社会养老保险，公积金140亿人民币，约5500万人开始领取养老金，大约160亿养老金。

After 1998, due to lack of government investment, very low levels of pay, pension savings essentially become self farmers, farmers and local governments have a general lack of enthusiasm for the insured, the rural social endowment insurance into a recession phase. That year, China had only 2,123 counties (city) and 65% of the township to carry out rural social pension insurance work, to participate in the rural social pension insurance only 80.25 million people, accumulating funds 16.62 billion yuan, the overall coverage of less than 10%. July 1999, the State Council pointed out that our country does not have the widespread implementation of rural social endowment insurance conditions, decided to revamp the existing business practice, to stop accepting new business areas where conditions permit should gradually transition to commercial insurance. Thus, the rural social endowment insurance system as a unified arrangement has ceased to exist, but in some economically developed areas to carry out an individual. As of the end of 2007, China had only 51.715 million rural population insured, 3,916,000 farmers pensioners

1998年后，由于政府投入不足，缴费水平太低，基本上成为农民的养老储蓄，农民和地方政府普遍对于参保缺乏积极性，农村社会养老保险处于衰退阶段。当年，我国只有2123个县（市）和65%个乡镇开展农村社会养老保险工作，农村社会养老保险的参保人员只有8025万人，累计资金166.2亿元。总体覆盖率不足10%。1999年7月，国务院指出，我国不具备广泛实施农村社会养老保险的条件，决定修改现有的经营模式，停止接受新业务，有条件的地方要逐步过渡到商业保险。因此，农村社会养老保险制度作为一种统一的安排已经不再存在，而是在一些经济发达地区开展个人养老保险。截至2007年底，中国只有5171.5万的农村人口参保，391.6万农民领取养老金。

In the party's congress and the Third Plenary, the CPC Central Committee made a strategic social security system deployment, which basically established in 2020 covering urban and rural residents of the social security system, people who are entitled to Social Security. Among them, the establishment of new rural social pension insurance system will be a breakthrough innovation tasks. September 2009, the State Council issued "to carry out the new rural social pension insurance pilot guidance" (abbreviated new national agricultural insurance), the decision in 10% of the counties (cities, districts, flag) for farmers' pension insurance pilot, after the gradual expand the scope of the pilot, universal implementation in the country

在党的十七大和三中全会上，中共中央提出了一项战略性的社会保障体系部署，于2020年基本覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，即有社会保障的人。其中，新型农村社会养老保险制度的建立将是一个突破性的创新任务，九月2009日，国务院发布了《开展新型农村社会养老保险试点指导意见》（简称新农保），决定在10%个县（市、区、旗）为农民养老保险试点，逐步扩大试点范围，在全国普遍推行。

First, with regard to rural social endowment insurance urgency research, many scholars have argued. Yang Lin, Dong Ruifeng that in the vast rural areas, along with large-scale growth of migrant workers, a large number of agricultural land or idle, or into construction land, agricultural production and rural land on the actual role of the traditional security has been greatly reduced, the rural social pension system should be timely to fill the vacancy. Wang Liming think, establish and improve rural social endowment insurance system is to solve the aging rural population, rural urbanization, the traditional pension model is facing severe challenges and other issues is an inevitable choice. Zeng Yi from an aging population and family planning also discusses the basic national conditions of China's establishment of rural social endowment insurance necessity. Most researchers believe that in China gradually developed rural social endowment insurance is imperative. Population and Family Planning Commission and other 14 departments in the "on the overall strengthening of the rural population and family planning work of a number of opinions," pointed out that in recent years, the rural population aging is more prominent than the city, so it is necessary to the establishment of rural social endowment insurance system. Wang Tianyi other way change from rural endowment discusses the establishment of new rural pension model necessity. That the current weakening of traditional rural old-age function, mainly reflected in the traditional function of the weakening of the rural social security, land security function "blur", home security weakening on. The implementation of the household contract responsibility system, the rural collective economy greatly weakened, the beneficiaries of funds missing system exists in name only. Land revenue in the income of the farmers reduced the proportion of farmers living on the actual function decline. Same time as the implementation of family planning policy, smaller families become the development trend of rural families, family support factor greatly, with a massive outflow of rural labor force, but also greatly weakened the family protection features. Liu Xiaobo, Li Ming, Zhao Ronghua that reform and opening up, especially in rural areas for market-oriented reforms, the traditional way of family pension face serious challenges: First, increasing pressure on the child's maintenance; Second, labor mobility and population migration to the family maintenance had a negative impact; three relative poverty in rural areas, to create difficulties for family pension. These issues need to state the establishment of rural social endowment insurance system to be addressed.

首先，很多学者认为，关于农村社会养老保险的研究的紧迫性。杨林，董瑞丰认为，在广大的农村地区，伴随着大规模增长的农民工，大量的农业土地或闲置，或转为建设用地，农业生产和农村土地上的传统安全的实际作用有大大减少了，农村社会养老保险制度，应及时填补空缺。王黎明认为，建立和完善农村社会养老保险制度是解决农村人口老龄化，农村城镇化，传统的养老模式面临着严峻的挑战和其他问题的必然选择。曾毅从人口老龄化和计划生育的基本国情出发，探讨了我国建立农村社会养老保险的必要性。大

多数研究学者认为，在中国逐渐发展起农村社会养老保险势在必行。人口与计划生育委员会等14个部门在《关于全面加强农村人口和计划生育工作的若干意见》中指出，近年来，农村人口老龄化比城市更加突出，因此有必要建立农村社会养老保险制度。王天一从其他角度来讨论农村养老和建立新型农村养老模式的必要性。认为，目前传统农村养老功能弱化，主要体现在传统功能弱化的农村社会保障、土地保障功能“模糊”、家庭安全弱化等方面。实行家庭联产承包责任制，农村集体经济大为弱化，资金缺少系统的规划，受益者只存在于名义上。土地收入在农民收入中的比重降低，农民的实际功能下降。同时随着计划生育政策的实施，小家庭成为农村家庭的发展趋势，家庭支持因子大大下降，随着农村劳动力大量外流，也大大削弱了家庭保护的特点。刘晓波，李明，赵荣华认为，改革开放，尤其是农村市场化改革，传统的家庭养老方式面临着严峻的挑战：第一，对孩子的养育压力增大；其次，劳动力流动和人口迁移对家庭的维护带来了负面影响；三的相对贫困的农村地区，建立家庭养老困难。这些问题需要国家建立农村社会养老保险制度加以解决。

Secondly, with regard to rural social endowment insurance feasibility study much, but opinion was divided. In the establishment of rural social endowment insurance conditions are ripe for the problem, Liu Weiguo believes that the establishment of rural social endowment insurance system has basically met the conditions: First, China's overall economy is in a period of rapid development, has been carried out with the redistribution of national income and ability means; Second, the rural economy growing, gradually increasing farmers 'income, urban-rural divide is narrowing, continue to strengthen the awareness of farmers' rights protection, farmers insurance awareness is also growing; Third, the developed areas of rural, urban and suburban rural underdeveloped areas relatively high level of economic development some of the villages, the establishment of rural social endowment insurance system are basic conditions; Fourth, the establishment of rural social endowment insurance system is cracked "Three Rural Issues" strategic needs.

第二，关于农村社会养老保险制度的可行性研究很多，但意见分歧严重。在建立农村社会养老保险的条件已经成熟的问题上，刘卫国认为，建立农村社会养老保险制度已基本具备的条件：首先，我国总体经济处于快速发展时期，已进行了与国民收入和能力的再分配手段；二是农村经济增长，农民收入的逐步增加，城乡差距正在缩小，继续加强农民权益保护意识，农民的保险意识也在不断增长；第三，发达地区农村、城市和郊区农村欠发达地区经济发展水平相对较高的一些村庄，建立农村社会养老保险制度是基本条件；第四、建立农村社会养老保险制度是解决“三农”三大问题的战略需要。

In the establishment of rural social endowment insurance system conditions are not met issues, Lin Yongsheng believes that due to the collective ownership of rural land system kernel and associated agricultural production has not materially changed, so I decided to rural land management based home security led model has not fundamentally changed. In addition, China's rural social endowment insurance system construction process, the traditional "filial piety" cultural and family values will bring huge "block cost." This informal system inertia, delaying the objective of rural social endowment insurance system building process. Therefore, the rural social endowment insurance conditions are not met.

在建立农村社会养老保险制度的条件不具备的问题，林永升认为，由于农村土地制度的内核和相关农业生产的集体所有制并没有实质性的改变，所以决定家庭为基础的安全主导型的农村土地管理并没有根本改变。另外，我国农村社会养老保险制度建设过程中，传统的“孝”文化和家庭价值观会带来巨大的“块成本”，这种非正式制度惯性，延缓了农村社会养老保险制度建设的进程。因此，农村社会养老保险条件的不满足。Finally, on the pattern of rural social endowment insurance explore not mature enough, mainly rural social endowment insurance in running some problems. Since 1998, most of the rural social endowment insurance work has seen a decline in the number of insured, funds and other difficulties running more

difficult in some areas of rural social endowment insurance work even to a standstill. Although rural social endowment insurance no successful experience can refer to, but there are some more representative of the pattern. Zhu Junsheng, Ge, vines and other studies Daxing District of Beijing rural social endowment insurance system, talked about the Daxing District of rural social endowment insurance system mode. Daxing District, rural social endowment insurance system program created personal accounts and reserve transfers metallurgically bonded system new model. The model has two characteristics: First, increased government subsidies and support efforts to improve the government subsidies, collective benefits, the combination of individual contributions payment incentives and reserve adjustment fund system. Second, the implementation of rural social endowment insurance "GSP" and established the government's guidance mechanism. Daxing district government come up with 15 million yuan each year, the region's rural social pension insurance coverage to 24.6 million people and the establishment of reserves for premium subsidy adjustment funds, so that government subsidies are implemented. However, the pattern for those Daxing District government strength, relatively developed economy, the relatively small gap between urban and rural areas.

最后，对农村社会养老保险模式的探索还不够成熟，主要是农村社会养老保险在运行中存在的一些问题。自1998以来，大部分农村社会养老保险工作已经发生了的参保人数下降，资金困难和其他困难，在农村社会养老保险工作的一些领域甚至陷入停顿。农村养老保险虽然没有成功的经验可以参考，但也有一些代表性的模式比较有代表性。朱俊生，GE，葡萄和北京农村社会养老保险制度的其他研究大兴区，谈到了大兴区农村社会养老保险制度模式。大兴区，农村社会养老保险制度的程序创建的个人账户和储备金结合的系统新模型。该模式具有2个特点：一是加大政府补贴和支持力度，提高政府补贴、集体利益、个人缴费的组合、支付奖励和公积金制度。其次，农村社会养老保险“普惠制”和建立政府引导机制的实现。大兴区市政府每年拿出1500万元，将该地区农村社会养老保险覆盖到2460万人，并设立储备基金，用于补贴调整资金，使政府补贴实施。但是，大兴区市政府的模式，适用于相对发达的经济，城市和农村地区之间的差距比较小的区域。

As fertility declines and population movements frequency accelerating, prompting the family pension functions have weakened. Mid-1970s, China began to implement the family planning policy, with the popularity of the family planning policy, go to the countryside after the children of rural families gradually reduce the burden of the labor force coefficient increased. 2005 China 1% Population Sample Survey data show that the main rural population per household is only 3.27 people, the rural family pension ways become increasingly vulnerable. Especially with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural youth are leaving the labor force in rural areas into cities. Migration of the rural labor force population, especially young regional or rural-urban migration on rural family pension had a negative impact. Parents gradually lost power in charge of the household economy, decline in family status, and their children, but with a strong economic independence, so that the cohesion of rural family pension should be gradually reduced. Second, the rural family pension thinking has changed. On the one hand, by the market economy and other factors, the traditional concept of the family and old values have a strong impact, many farmers were no longer adhere to "raise children to old age" of the old ideology, began to look forward to and an urgent requirement and urban residents enjoy the same social old-age insurance benefits. Other hand, many young men go out to work in rural areas vulnerable to Western integration of urban culture is strongly influenced by the traditional "filial piety" Concept fade, resulting in loss of family pension traditional cultural support.

随着生育率的下降和人口流动频率加快，使得家庭养老功能弱化。70年代中期，中国开始实行计划生育政策。计划生育政策在乡下普及后，农村家庭的子女逐渐减少，劳动力系数增加，成为负担。2005年中国1％人口抽样调查数据显示，每个家庭的主要乡村人口只有3.27人，农村家庭养老的方式变得越来越脆弱。特别是随着工业化和城市化进程的加快，大量农村青年正离开农村劳动力进入城市。农村劳动力的人口迁移，特别是年轻的区域或乡城迁移对农村家庭养老产生了负面的影响。父母逐渐失去了家庭经济的权力，家庭地位下降，子女开始具有较强的经济独立性，使农村家庭养老的凝聚力逐步减少。其次，农村家庭养老思维发生了变化。一方面，受市场经济等因素的影响，传统观念对家庭和老年人的价值观念产生了强烈的影响，不少农民不再坚持“养儿防老”的旧观念，开始期待和迫切要求和城市居民享受相同的社会养老保险待遇。另一方面，许多年轻人外出打工，在农村地区容易受到中西融合的强烈影响，传统的“孝”观念逐渐淡化，导致了家庭养老传统文化的丧失。

With the rural economic and social development in rural areas, rural land protection functions begin to decline for two main reasons: ①Rural declining arable land and agricultural production materials prices continue to rise, the elements of land management costs and opportunity costs, the income of farmers from the land downward trend, so land protection function gradually weakened. MLR report show that in 1996 an 2005, China's net decrease of 1.2 million acres of arable land. According to statistics of the Ministry of Land, as of the end of 2004, China's arable land area of 18.31 million mu, 1.4 mu per capita. If an average annual rate of decline of 0.12 million mu, 2030, there will be only 14.98 million mu of cultivated land in China. Experts predict that by 2030, China's population will reach 1.45 billion by then, per capita arable land is only 1.03 acres. Such a low per capita arable land to farmers will be unable to provide sufficient employment opportunities, more farmers can not achieve better protection functions.

②With the rapid development of market economy and industrialization and urbanization continues to expand, landless peasants increased significantly. Large number of rural laborers to cities, the household contract land system is increasingly being marginalized, many rural lands appear to be neglected,

abandoned phenomenon, farmers manage the land and even become a burden. Farmers rely on the limitation of land security also increases.

随着农村地区的农村经济和社会发展，农村土地的保障功能开始下降。主要原因有两个：①农村耕地不断减少，农业生成本的不断上涨，土地经营的要素成本和机会成本提高，农民来自土地的收入呈下降趋势，因此土地的保障功能逐渐弱化。所以土地功能的保障逐渐减弱。国土资源部的报告显示，在1996年到2005年，中国的土地净减少为120万多亩耕地。据国土资源部统计，截至2004年底，我国耕地面积1831万亩，人均1.4亩。如果一个平均每年下降12万亩，到2030年，中国将只有1498万亩耕地。专家预测，到2030，中国的人口将达到14.5亿，届时，人均耕地只有1.03英亩。如此低的人均耕地，将无法提供足够的就业机会给农户，越来越多的农民无法获得更好保障。②随着市场经济快速发展，工业化和城镇化的不断扩大，失地农民的增加明显。大量的农村劳动力走向城市，家庭承包土地制度日益被边缘化，许多农村似乎有了被忽视，被遗弃的现象。农民管理土地，甚至成为一种负担。农民依靠土地的保障也随之增加了限制。

Since most local collective economic disintegration, resulting in weakened collective economic security. The implementation of the rural household contract responsibility system, changed the old rural management system, the liberation of the rural productive forces, to mobilize the broad masses of farmers enthusiasm for production and management, and promote rural economic development. Rural collective economic organizations improve the management of collective pension there is the material basis. The implementation of the rural household contract responsibility system later with suitable allocation will be changed, severely weakened the collective internal accumulation mechanism. Distribution of the fruits of labor from the previous collective ownership, leaving enough funds for the development of production and the Community Chest for public welfare, and the rest allocated to the members in addition to the current agricultural tax and a variety of set-aside turned over, the fruits of labor of farmers owned by individuals. The development of public welfare undertakings of the Community Chest is difficult to be drawn on the basis of collective security is almost collapse. Families of martyrs and the five guarantees preferential treatment before the masses by the collective economic burden, the collective in the driving position and be able to give farmers support and protection. I can only take the form of cash or in kind imposed on peasants, collective farmers, it is in position to be obtained. The result is the impact of collective investment protection to the community, so that the loss of collective welfare of farmers

由于多数地方集体经济解体，导致集体经济安全的减弱。实行农村家庭联产承包责任制，改变了旧的农村管理体制，解放了农村生产力，调动了广大农民生产经营的积极性，促进了农村经济的发展。农村集体经济组织完善集体养老管理有物质基础。农村家庭联产承包责任制的实施，将在以后的合理配置上发生变化，严重削弱了集体内部积累机制。从以前的集体所有制劳动成果的分配，留下足够的资金用于发展生产和公益金用于社会公益事业，并分配给各成员，除了目前的农业税，其余和各种其它收入，归个人所有。公益金的公益事业的发展是困难，很难在集体安全的基础上得出，几乎不行。烈士家属和五户保障群众的优惠待遇前，群众集体经济负担，集体在主导位置，并能给予农民支持和保护。只能采取现金或实物形式强加给农民，农民集体的形式，这是一种可见的形式。其结果是集体投资保护，对社会产生的影响，使农民的集体利益损失。

In China, the social security system, the most prominent feature is the dual economic structure caused by the "dual" social insurance system. Participate in social pension insurance for urban workers, in old age can enjoy the state and society to give material help to share fruits of social development, while farmers in reality are often not in old age and urban workers share the fruits of social development as it dualistic social insurance system in the community caused a very bad effect. Therefore, to the establishment of rural social endowment insurance system to help narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, to eliminate their advantages of looking back, to resolve problems between social reality and in contradiction to meet members of the community livelihood security and development needs, promote the comprehensive development, promote harmonious social development. Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth CPC through the "CPC Central Committee on building a harmonious society a number of major issues" made it clear that "covering urban and rural residents of the social security system has been basically established" is the goal of building a socialist harmonious society and one of the main tasks. General Secretary Hu Jintao at the congress report that "building a harmonious socialist society is the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics throughout the entire process of long-term historical task is handled correctly on the basis of the development of various social contradictions of history and social outcomes," and that "to accelerate in order to improve people's livelihood and social construction," "accelerate the establishment of urban and rural residents covered by the social security system to protect the basic livelihood of the people", "explore the establishment of rural endowment insurance system." This fully shows that the establishment of rural social pension insurance contributions are building a socialist harmonious society.

在中国，社会保障体系中，最突出的特征是“双重”的社会保险制度所造成的二元经济结构。参加社会养老保险的城镇职工，在年老时可以享受国家和社会给予物质帮助，共享社会发展成果，而农民在现实中往往不是在老年和城镇职工分享社会发展，为二元社会保险制度在社会上造成了很坏的影响。因此，要建立农村社会养老保险制度，帮助缩小城乡差距，消除自身的优势，解决社会现实与矛盾，满足社会成员的安全和发展需求，促进社会全面发展与和谐发展。第十六届三中全会通过了《中共中央关于构建和谐社会若干重大问题》明确提出，“基本建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系”是构建社会主义和谐社会的目标和主要任务之一。胡锦涛总书记在十七大报告中指出，“建设社会主义和谐社会是在长期历史任务的基础上正确处理各种社会矛盾发展的历史和社会成果的基础上”，“加快建立城乡居民基本生活保障制度”，“探索建立农村养老保险制度”，这充分说明了建立农村社会养老保险的贡献是构建社会主义和谐社会。Justice is the basic condition of social harmony, Comrade Hu Jintao 10 Sixth Plenary Session states: "Only effectively maintain and achieve social fairness and justice, people's mood to relax, all aspects of social relations in order to coordinate, people's enthusiasm, initiative and creativity to fully play out. "But fairness and efficiency will often appear together, unified both fairness and efficiency side, there are also contradictory side. American economist Okun in the "equality and efficiency," wrote: "For efficiency we must sacrifice some fairness, and in order to equality must sacrifice some efficiency." Welfare and social security system is too broad because national regulatory standard is too high, resulting in the production of financial resources for the reduction of social costs, product competitiveness in the international decline. The result is to be fair and sacrificing efficiency.

平等是社会和谐的基本条件，胡锦涛同志第10届六中全会指出：“只有有效维护和实现社会公平与平等，人们的情绪才能放松，社会各方面的关系才能协调、群众的积极性、主动性和创造性才能充分发挥出来。”

但公平与效率往往会出现在一起，既有公平性和效率性的一面，也有相互矛盾的一面。美国经济学家奥肯在《平等与效率》上写道：“为了效率，我们必须牺牲一些公平，而为了平等必须牺牲一些效率。”福利和社会保障制度过于宽泛，因为国家的监管标准太高，导致财政资源的生产降低了社会成本，产品竞争力在国际上下降。结果是公平和效率都牺牲。

According to OECD statistics, in the 1984-1998 years, the implementation of welfare-oriented country's GDP growth rate, in addition to individual countries outside the particular year, generally lower than the self-preservation of public-assisted countries. Of course, the level of growth is determined by many factors, but the social security number of factors in the model is an important factor. The principle of fairness is a fundamental characteristic of social security and the end result, but also the basic requirements of the socialist system. But China's current social security system is to some extent a departure from this principle, the formation of an unfair urban and rural social security system. Our country is a big agricultural country, the rural population accounted for 55.06 percent of the total population, from the old distribution, 29.8% of the elderly live in towns, while 70.2% of the elderly live in rural areas. From a national point of view of social security expenditure, accounting for 55.06% of the peasant population covered by social security spending only about 10%, while 44.94% of the total population but accounted for 90 percent of urban residents. Visible farmers pension issues resolved good or bad, is to achieve social justice, the impact of China's social stability and economic prosperity important factor. Farmers engaged in agricultural labor for China's socialist modernization drive and make a significant contribution and sacrifice. After the founding of New China longer period of time, in order to accumulate capital and increase industrial development industrial product prices, industrial and agricultural products between the formation of a great price gap, so that agriculture has long been sluggish. It can be said that China's economic development after the founding of the economic interests at the expense of farmers for the price. After the reforms, the influx of migrant workers in the city, but also for the Chinese economy, especially the coastal region's rapid economic development into a cheap labor. China's economic development in the farmers make a significant contribution at the same time, with the development of market economy, urban polarization between rich and poor is getting worse, the consumption level of urban and rural residents is also growing gap between urban and rural social security forming two extremes. For a long time, the government investment in rural social endowment insurance can be said that very little compared with the town, showing great social injustice to farmers, is not conducive to social stability.

根据经合组织的统计，在1984-1998年，实行福利型国家的国内生产总值增长速度，除了特殊年份外个别国家，一般低于公共辅助国家的自我保护。当然，经济增长的水平取决于诸多因素，但社会保障因素在各个因素是一个重要因素。公平原则是社会保障的基本特征，是社会主义制度的基本要求。但我国现行的社会保障制度在一定程度上背离了这一原则，形成了一个不公平的城乡社会保障体系。我国是一个农业大国，农村人口占总人口的55.06%，从旧的分布，29.8%的老年人居住在城镇，而70.2%的老年人居住在农村。从国家社会保障支出的角度来看，占55.06%的农民所涵盖的社会保障支出仅占10%，而占总人口的

44.94%，却占城镇居民的90%。可见农民养老问题的解决是好是坏，是实现社会公平、影响中国社会稳定和经济繁荣的重要因素。农民从事农业劳动，为中国的社会主义现代化建设做出了重大的贡献和牺牲。新中国成立后较长的时间，以积累资金，增加工业发展的工业产品价格，工业和农产品之间形成了巨大的价格差距，使农业长期低迷。可以说，中国经济发展后的经济利益，以牺牲农民为代价。改革后，进城务工人员的涌入，也为中国经济，特别是沿海地区经济的快速发展变成了廉价的劳动力。我国经济的发展的同时，随着市场经济的发展，贫富差距日益加剧，城乡居民消费水平也在不断加剧，城乡之间的社会保障差

距日益扩大。长期以来，政府对农村社会养老保险的投资城镇相比，比例占据很小，对农民来说，表现出极大的社会不公，不利于社会稳定。

China's Constitution stipulates: "The People's Republic of China citizens in old age, illness or incapacity of the case, to get help from the state and social rights." Neither light urban residents and farmers have the right to enjoy the old-age security. Therefore, improve the rural social endowment insurance system is not only conducive to achieving social stability and social justice, but also to build a harmonious socialist society inevitable requirement.

中国宪法规定：“中华人民共和国的中国公民在年老，疾病或者丧失劳动能力的情况下，会从国家和社会权利得到帮助。”不光城市居民和农民有权利享受养老保障。因此，完善农村社会养老保险制度，不仅有利于实现社会稳定和社会平等，也是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。