浅析认知语境对中国学生英语学习的文化影响
浅析认知语境对中国学生英语学习的文化影响
【摘要】语言迁移在语言学习中是一种常见的现象。语言迁移是从目标语言和其他任何已经习得的语言之间的相似性和差异产生的影响。本文介绍了其重要性，当前中国学生英语写作的现象受中国认知和文化的影响。在第三部分中，着重对比研究中国和英国之间的不同特点，从而分析中国学生在英语写作中由于负从汉语词汇水平而引起的各种句法和语篇得错误。目的是减少中国文化差异的负面影响，提高学生的英语写作水平。
【关键词】中国英语写作的负迁移中式英语的影响
一、介绍
我们都知道，不同的国家有不同的文化。“文化是区别人和人的一个集合程序”。在学习两种语言系统之间从来没有共存，但持续的冲突主要是对认知文化。在学生写作过程中，他们的英语学习过程中所犯的错误来自汉语对英语的干扰，这是所谓的文化冲突，也就是说，文化转移。
转移是一个心理学术语，指的是先前的学习对后续学习的影响。转移是由于目标语言和其他任何已经习得的语言之间的相似性和差异性所引起的（也许不完全）。语言转移在语言学习中是一种常见的现象。语言转移是一种语言在学习另一种语言时的影响。（《朗文语言教学及应用语言学词典》，2000年）在外语学习的过程中，学习者就会在不知不觉中把发音，词汇，语法结构和母语的想法转移到目标语言上。结果，母语对目标语言有一些影响。这种现象被称为语言转移。语言转移包括正迁移和负迁移。正迁移的转让是指语言学习者的母语知识提高了目标语言对新知识的获得；负迁移，也称为干扰，这种现象指语言学习者把母语的形式和规则套用在目标语言上，导致信息的错误输出甚至目标语言表达形式错误。
在英语语言学习中，中国学生试图把一些母语的特性加诸在英语学习上。英语写作是语言的输出方式之一，它是一个从深层结构到表面结构的过程。从写到写成输出，学生可能需要很多的步骤来完成写作任务，也就是，从他们的思想到单词，句子，段落和背景。在这个过程中，学生可能会犯很多由母语负迁移造成的错误。
二、影响英语写作的认知和中国文化
（一）为什么学习写作
我们都知道，写作在生活中越来越重要，随着社会的发展，商业不断发展，在学生的英语学习中写作是一个重要的任务，这就是为什么写作是教师工作的一个重要组成部分。“学生通过写作来学习怎么写，通过写作、修改，校对来学习怎样正确的书写。”——必要时向老师或字典寻求一些帮助。他们通过做一些看
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