大学英语四六级高分备考方略
大学英语四六级高分备考方略
跨考名师林健
重点话题的预测
第一是命题的三种形式，是图表；图画；英语格言。
第二个就是推测可能考的一个话题范围：
第一类：成功必备要素。比如说乐观、勇敢、坚持、毅力、耐心、准备、强大的意志，创新、合作、沟通、诚实、诚信、信任等等，这些话题都跟人生的一种哲理有关系。
第二类：文化继承与交流。可能涉及到一些社会上的文化现象。比如说传统文化的流失，还有社会公德的问题，还有人与人之间的信任问题。中外文化交流。
第三类：环境自然类。空气污染，自然资源短缺，诸如此类的话题等等，都是我们也要去准备的方向。
第四类：网络科技类。涉及到青少年的上网成瘾，还有青少年的过度沉迷于手机，还有网络上的谣言，还有个人隐私，个人信息的泄露。
第五类：是职场就业类。员工的工作满意度，大学毕业生的就业选择
第六类：两代关系题。可能是上一辈人，家长对孩子的一个过度的保护；还有晚辈对长辈之间的那种关系，比如说晚辈不愿意照顾老人，啃老族，就是年轻人工作了之后依旧依靠父母，产生的原因和危害是什么，这样的话题我们也要进行准备。
第七类：身体健康类话题
第八类：旅游休闲类。
第九类：商业经济类话题，一般出的都是图表作文。比如电商行业，或是手机行业、汽车行业、住房和建筑行业等等。
第十类：大学校园类。
写作真经：审题仔细、自圆其说、亮点频现、字迹美观
审题三要素：一就是一条宗旨，二就是两条主线，三就是三种类型。
一条宗旨：主题都具有一种教育的意义
两条主线：
第一条是积极的主线。凡是考察积极的话题，我们就去歌颂它，赞美它，去讲它的意义，去讲它的重要性和必要性，最后写一下这个话题我们获得了什么样的收获和启发。
第二条是消极的主线。负面问题在命题的时候是希望考生能够去对这个负面问题进行一定的思考，分析产生的原因和危害。最后给出你想如何规避这个问题的一些解决方案
三个类型：
第一种是与个人相关的积极话题，也就是人生哲理话题，乐观、坚持、梦想、创新、合作、沟通等等，
第二种是社会的中性和积极话题。比如说社会上的社会美德问题，社会公德问题，还有文化融合问题，文化交流问题都是。
第三类话题是社会负面话题，比如动物的过度捕杀，环境污染，商品过度包装。
写作黄金模板（漫画类模板1示范）
开头通用模式
A fairly compelling picture leaped off the page the minute I caught sight of this test paper. As
is graphically portrayed in the above drawing,_描述漫画______. The cartoonist’s real purpose is not the
fact itself, but to lead us to detect the informative message behind it.(通用)
1.设计问题(第一段结尾)
①Then people may wonder what are the real causes triggering this phenomenon?
②Then people may worry what negative consequences this will bring about to us?
③Then people may wonder what positive consequences this will bring about to us?
④Then people may be curious how many ways on earth we can employ to have this nut cracked?
第二段万能理由
1. 相关部门出台优惠政策
Relevant authorities have issued friendly policies to protect and promote the further development of __行业（如E-commerce/tourism/fast food/show/real estate/low carbon_____ industry.
2. 人们可支配收入和购买力提高
Along with the quickening development of market economy, people have more disposable income and purchasing power., which enables them to afford the once-deemed-expensive expense.
3. 监管不力助长了某趋势的蔓延
The supervision system practiced today is not strictly observed ，which has inevitably encouraged the undesirable trend.
4.压力
With the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life，imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals. The past years have witnessed dramatic increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment //maintaining life quality//housing.
5. 便利
People in mounting numbers are tempted to the convenience brought by
6. 短视
Thirty-plus years into the reform and opening up, the Chinese society has recognized itself in a way that puts an excessive high premium on immediate interest over (如environmental protection.
7. 变革中的社会缺乏意识
The society as a whole, being continuously transformed, has ignored the negative consequences of （主题）
第三段解决问题
1.Admittedly, it’s no use only being aware of the seriousness of this. Actions speak louder than words. Prompt countermeasures should be implemented to have this nut cracked. It is imperative that relevant laws and regulations be unveiled and enforced to harness and curb this disturbing//undesirable //trend. The awareness of _________should be enhanced. Only in a harmonious atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal paradise in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost.
第二部分听力
【Sample】
1.W: I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of the town. There are a lot of roses in
bloom.
M: Why don’t we walk over there and see for ourselves?
Q: What will the speakers probably do?
2.M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. I hope to see you there.
W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00 o’clock tomorrow.
Q: What do we learn about the woman?
3.M: Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.
W: I knew she would from the very beginning. Such a brilliant and diligent girl! She certainly deserves it.
Q: What does the woman mean?
4.W: Taking a bus to Miami, it’s cheaper than going by train.
M: That’s true. But I’d rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.
Q: What does the man mean?
注意事项:
1. 保持良好的心态，头脑要冷静，一个题听不懂不要过多纠缠。
善于利用时间：
（1）播放考场指令时，题目说明和例句时.
（2）题与题之间的15秒间隔利用好阅读选项，猜测谈话话题和可能问的问题：听前从所给的文字材料和答案选项等线索中发现一些背景信息，力求缩小谈话者的话题，它能帮助考生搞清所听内容的类型和结构甚至主题。考生听的时候可避免过分注重每个单词从而影响对全篇中心思想的理解。考生应抢时间阅读试卷上的选项，争取主动，以便在听音时有针对性。根据选项猜测问的是时间、地点、人物、金钱、还是计划、打算、状态等等。
2. 阅读选项要一目十行，提高效率：听力不像阅读，它是单向性的、一次性的。时间有限，提高阅读选项的速度。
3.手耳并用，简单做笔记：录音中的细节，如重要的数字、人物、地名等，仅大脑记忆很难完全记住。因此，考试中可以有目地的、有选择的加以记录，以便听完录音后能快速准确的选出答案。
4.多做真题。十多年来的每年两度的考试，光是真题就积累了几十套了。这些真题的命题还是很有规律可循的。要找四级的感觉，就得多做真题。
一．简短对话部分：
该部分一般是日常生活中的对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、生活等话题，场景可分为校园、公共场所（银行、机场、医院、邮局、交通工具等）、家庭、办公室等方面。每题1分。
简短对话的形式：一般是男士说一句，女士说一句，然后根据他们的对话内容由第三方提出一个问题。该部分一般是日常生活中的对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、生活等话题，场景可分为校园、公共场所（银行、机场、医院等）、家庭、办公室等方面。每题1分。
简短对话的类型：按照简短对话的内容或句型，我们可以把该部分分为以下类型：问对话发生的地点和场所：
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
Where are the two speakers?
不同的场景下人们交谈用语也不同，例如：
校园：campus, dorm, library (renew the books, overdue, pay a fine, bookshelf), lab, canteen, roommate, professor, semester, term, pass, fail, exam, course, credit, resume，tutor, graduate, presentation, speech, report, lecture, paper, scholarship等。
银行：open an account, cash the check, buy traveler's check, ATM, draw/deposit money, balance, savings等。
餐馆：menu, a table for two, a table in the corner/by the window, full, on diet, treat, order, course, salad, wine, dessert，waiter, reserve, take order等。
机场：board, flight, gate number, check in, boarding pass, seat-belt等。
交通：due to arrive, fast train, non-stop train, xx minutes late, postpone, delay, break down, traffic jam, flat tire, speeding, pay a fine等。
医院：Do you have an appointment?
What's the matter with you?
take one's temperature, have a fever, have a sore throat, keep coughing, toothache, headache, physician, surgeon, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, ward, visiting hours, prescribe, pill, capsule等。
邮局：business hours, parcel, postage, letter, stamp等。
家庭：darling, sweet heart之类的比较亲近的称谓语，watch TV, fix the washing machine, grocery, mow the lawn, sofa, kitchen, dining-room, have a bath等。
旅馆：check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk等。
找房子：价格高，太吵，难找．
这样的问题的答案选项一般是由介词in或at后面加一个地点构成的。如：
M: How many hours are you taking this semester?
W: Eighteen, plus two hours of lab.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a restaurant.
B. In a bank.
C. At an office.
D. In a university.
该题的关键词是semester和lab.
提问人物关系或人物的身份：
此类对话提供一个情节，能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份，关键词可以参考第1点中列出的。
（1）问人物的关系:
What's the probable relationship between the two speakers? 如：
M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please.
W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please?
Q: What's the relationship between the man and woman?
A. Husband and wife.
B. Waiter and customer.
C. Salesman and customer.
D. Host and guest.
该题的关键词是menu和Madam.
（2）问人物的职业身份：Who is the man/the woman? 如：
M: According to your ad in this morning's paper, you have an apartment for rent.
W: Yes, I have. It's on the second floor. Would you like to have a look? Come this way, please.
Q: Who is the woman?
A. A bank clerk.
B. A secretary.
C. A landlady.
D. A doctor.
该题的关键词是an apartment for rent和ad.
计算类。一般涉及时间和价钱的运算。
（1）问活动发生的时间或具体几点。该类的题一般不会直接告诉我们时间，会涉及到时间的一些简单的加减运算。要注意一些关键词，如：a quarter (to/past), half (past), daily, weekly, fortnight 等。
W: Bob, are you going straight home after school today?
M: No. I have a class until one o'clock, and after that I'm going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home.
Q: When is Bob going home this afternoon?
A. Around 5:00.
B. Around 3:00.
C. At 2:00.
D. At 1:00.
本题的关键是until one o'clock，和to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home。
（2）商品的价格。该类的题也涉及到一些简单的加减乘除运算。要注意一些关键词，如：10% off, discount, double, half the price, couple, pair, dozen, a real bargain, on sale，change等。
尤其要注意单件商品的价格，买多件商品是否优惠，找零，以及最后的问题是说话人要付的钱、单件商品的价格、还是买若干商品需要付的钱。如：
W: Here's a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight's show, please.
M: Sure. Two tickets and here's a dollar forty cents change.
Q: How much does one ticket cost?
A. $ 8.60.
B. $ 4.30
C. $ 6.40.
D. $ 1.40
本题的关键是ten-dollar bill, two tickets, a dollar forty cents change.
人物的计划或打算。
这类问题中第一个说话人往往会提出一种观点或提议或建议，要仔细听第二个说话人是同意还是反对。
（1）第二个说话人同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议.如：
W：You need a rest. You've finished your exams. So why don't you go away somewhere for a long weekend?
M: That's a good idea. Perhaps Monica will come with me.
Q: What will the man probably do?
A. To have a good rest.
B. To see Monica.
C. To go abroad for the weekend.
D. To take an exam.
本题的关键是That's a good idea，说明第二个说话人同意第一个说话人的观点。
（2）第二个说话人不同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议，大多数情况下是礼貌委婉地表达自己的不同意见，所以要特别注意：
如：
M: Mary, would you like to go to the movies with me after dinner?
W: Well, I'll go if you really want me to, but I'm rather tired.
Q：What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman does not want to go to the movies.
B. The man is too tired to go to the movies.
C. The woman wants to go to the movies.
D. The man wants to go out for dinner.
本题的关键是…but…
人物的感觉状态。
除了根据说话人的语气判断之外，对话中出现的关键词可能有：excited, disappointed, overjoyed, relieved, upset, unhappy, blue, depressed, relaxed, anxious, tense, worried，angry等。
W: Weren't you nervous when the professor called on you in class?
M: I'd say I was shaking all over.
Q: How did the man feel when he was called on?
A. Worried and frightened.
B. Very relaxed
C. Quite unhappy.
D. Angry with the professor.
本题的关键是I was shaking all over.
交通或交通工具。
该类的对话一般涉及交通工具晚点或交通出现了某些问题。
对于交通工具晚点的问题，有时会谈论正点时间和推延的时间，然后再说原因。
这类题的关键词是：be caught in a traffic jam, the rush hour, flat tire, break down, traffic accident, behind schedule, due等。
W: I'm sorry, sir. The train is somewhat behind schedule. Take a seat, and I'll tell you as soon as we know something definite.
M: Thank you. I'll just sit here and read a magazine in the meantime.
Q: What can we conclude about the train from the conversation?
A. The train is crowded.
B. The train is late.
C. The train is empty.
D. The train is on time.
本题的关键是behind schedule.
请求或建议。
表示请求的句型一般有：Can you…? Would you…? Would you mind …?
表示建议的句型一般有：If I were you, I'd … Shall we…? Why not…? Perhaps we should…. It would be better if…How about …?
M: Can I use your new car, Auntie?
W: Yes, of course, if you drive it carefully.
Q: What's the aunt's answer?
A. She agrees to lend him the car.
B. She offers him the car.
C. She refused to lend him the car.
D. She is pleased to lend him the car.
本题的关键是Yes, of course,虽然后面又附加了条件if you drive it carefully.
释义、替换或上下义。
该类对话的选项中会用单词替换或解释对话人表达的意思，同时考查听力和词汇。
W: Have you finished reading my research report? I put it on your desk last week.
M: Yes, but you have to revise some parts of it, if you want to get it published.
Q: What does the man suggest that the woman should do?
A. Put her report on his desk.
B. Read some papers he recommended.
C. Mail her report to the publisher.
D. Improve some parts of her paper.
本题的关键是理解revise的同义词是improve.
M: Nancy, why were you late today?
W: I overslept and missed the bus.
Q: Why was Nancy late?
A. She got up later than usual.
B. The bus was late.
C. She forgot she had class.
D. Her clock was slow.
overslept也就是got up later than usual。
有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类，但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如：M: Let me see. I've printed my family name, first name, date of birth and address. Anything else?
W: No, that's all right. We'll fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom.
Q: What has the man been doing?
A. Having an interview.
B. Filling out a form.
C. Talking with a friend.
D. Asking for information.
上义词为概括性词语，下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项B。
人物对某件事物的观点或态度，或考生从对话中能获得什么信息或结论。
该类的题难度较大，类型也比较繁多复杂。需要考生全面理解对话内容。
What does the man mean (imply) ?
What does the woman's answer suggest?
What can we learn from the conversation?
What can be concluded from this conversation?
W: You seem to have a lot of work to do at your office. You're always staying late and working overtime.
M: That's true. But it's no bother to me. The work is interesting. I don't mind working extra hours at all.
Q: How does the man feel about his job?
A: He enjoys it very much.
B: He doesn't care much about it.
C: He doesn't mind even though it's tedious.
D. He hates working overtime.
本题的关键是The work is interesting.
询问对方的观点和态度问题中有一大类是含有虚拟语气的。该类型一直是热门考点。这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能，根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如：
W: I'm thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think it's worth seeing?
M: Well, I wish I had been there.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A. The man is planning a trip to Austin.
B. The man has not been to Austin before.
C. The man doesn't like Austin.
D. The man has been to Austin before.
I wish I had been there.说明说话人没有去过。
含"but"的题型
该题型中第二人的答话由两部分组成,先是一个简单的短句,后是一个较长的句子,短句和长句之间用but连接.but后的长句是答案的关键.
表示同意与肯定的常用语(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法)
1．同意或肯定对方陈述的观点
如：Tony is very hard-working.
表示同意的常用语就有：
(1) With no doubt.
(2) There is no denying.
(3) * I can't agree more.
You said it !
2. 对询问观点的句子的肯定回答
如：How was the concert?
表示肯定的常用语就有：
(1) Not bad.
(2) It was terrific!
(3) It was amazing!
(4) It was fantastic!
(5)* I've never been to a better one.
3．同意帮助对方
如：Can you help me with the math problem?
(1) No problem.
(2) You can count on me.
(3) It's a piece of cake.
(4) Sure.
My heart will go on and on
4. 同意对方的提议
如：Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend?
（1）* Why not?
（2）* I really can't wait.
（3）That's what I have in mind.
表示怀疑与否定的常用语
(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法) 1．怀疑与否定对方陈述的观点
如：Tony is very hard-working.
表示否定的常用语就有：
(1) Are you kidding?
(2) I know you don't mean it.
(3) He is by no means hard-working.
(4) He is anything but hard-working.
(5) * He is the last man that I think hard-working. 2. 对询问观点的句子或知识性的问题的否定回答
(1) 对询问观点的句子
如：How was the concert?
表示否定的常用语就有：
① I've never been to a worse one.
② Just so-so.
③ It sent me to sleep.
④ I couldn't help dozing off.
⑤ It was a waste of time and money.
⑥ *Well, I should have stayed at home.
(2) 对知识性的问题
如：Who invented the computer?
① Who knows?
② It is beyond me.
③ * It is at the tip of my tongue…
3.拒绝帮助对方
如：Can you help me with the math problem?
(1) You are driving me mad.
(2) I don't want to be interrupted before I finish my term paper.
(3) * I'd like to, but I've got an appointment with a professor at two o'clock.
(4) * I wish I could, but I afraid that I've got to rush now.
（5）*I'm afraid I just ran out of time.
4. 拒绝对方的提议或要求
(1) 拒绝对方的提议
如：Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend?
① I'd like to, but my paper is due next Monday.
② I'll go if you really want me to, but I want to have a good rest at home.
(2) 拒绝对方的要求
如：Try not to make mistakes in your exam.
① * Well, easier said than done.
否定句型在这类题型中，最重要的线索是抓住否定性的关键词。值得注意的是这类题一般都不是以明显的否定方式出现的，所以需要考生多加注意。包含否定性的关键有：否定副词和形容词：hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few, never等。
否定代词和连词：nothing, nobody, neither, nor, none等。
否定前缀和否定后缀：im-, un-, dis-, non-, -less等。
表否定意义的其他词：fail, miss, avoid, deny, refuse, doubt, far from, anything but, instead of, rather than等。
二.长对话(Long conversations)
听力长对话（Long Conversations）的长度一般在6-20句之间，字数在120-250字之间。针对每篇长对话的问题可能会有2-5个。与短对话相比，长对话涉及的内容更深入，人物态度，语气，情感变化更复杂，一般不能简单依赖某个关键词来判断整篇对话的含义。一人一句的短对话涉及的只是一个?°点?±，而长对话涉及的是一个?°面?±。短对话的答案一般是?°显而易见?±的，而长对话有时更依赖于推断和判断。尽管如此，长对话必然有一个中心议题，中心议题正是该?°面?±的凝聚点，对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开话题，对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的中心思想。
由于对话较多，长对话的场景就显得格外重要，准确判断对话的场景（situation），对把握对话的中心思想是非常有帮助的。这里所谈到的场景，是指人物，身份或职业，议论的问题，时间，地点等等的综合概念。清晰的场景会在考生头脑中形成氛围，容易把握对话的发展脉络，使对话情节的发展更加顺理成章。
对长对话的题型分析，不易于采取诸如：关键词，因果关系，But转折，情感，态度等分类方法。根据多年的实践经验，依据场景的不同，对长对话进行分类，有助于考生对?°面?ˉ的把握能力的提高。下面是对长对话经常涉及到的几种情况做了归类，主要分成三大类：学习相关类，生活相关类和工作相关类。顾名思义，学习相关类与学习有密切联系，比如：选课，考试，论文等；生活相关类主要涉及到家庭，校院生活，娱乐，运动等；生活相关类多是找工作，面试等题材。下面列举几个常用典型场景的题型。
学习相关类
学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为教务场景，选课场景，补课场景和论文场景等。
（1）教务场景
场景人物：由教师（导师）或学监等教务人员向学生说明一些学校课程的安排情况。
场景涉及内容：学期计划，调课信息，考试安排，课程介绍等。
解题思路：教务人员总是细致地描述各项事务的细节问题，时间，地点，计划推迟或变更的原因往往是考查的重点。
经常出现的问题和答案
Q: Who is the speaker?
A: teacher, professor, instructor, advisor
Q: When does the talk take place?
A: at the beginning (in the middle, at the end of the semester)
Q: Where does the talk take place?
A: classroom, lecture hall
Q: What is the topic?
A: changes in the schedule, the schedule of this semester, exam schedule, information about on course
常用的词汇和词组：midterm, finals, count for 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar, workshop(讲习班), take attendance(点名), elementary, intermediate, advanced等。
（2）选课场景
场景人物：师生之间或学生之间谈论选课的话题
场景涉及的内容：学生是否有资格选某一门课，对于老师的谈论，课程的难易程度，选某一门课的好处和坏处。
解题思路：学生觉得课程太难，负荷太重。
常用的词汇和词组：required, compulsory, elective, selective, optional, course, description, catalog, bulletin, prerequisite course(预修课程), preliminary course(预备课程), such a heavy load, excellent reputation, drop a course(退修课程)等。
（3）补课场景
场景人物：同学之间补课。
场景涉及的内容：通常是某学生因为某些原因迟到或旷课了，事后找另一个同学补课，所以必会牵扯到专业内容。
解题思路：迟到或旷课的学生大多是男生，帮他补课的一般是女生。男生在补课过程中常会问一些愚蠢问题，而女生将一一给与澄清。结尾处，男生会感叹不上这堂课很遗憾经常出现的问题和答案：
Q: Why was the man late for class? (Why did the man ask the woman about the lecture?)
A: He overslept (was sick, had some trouble with his car, had to go to see the doctor, dentist, had an emergency)
Q: What confused the man?
A: 专业课的内容。
Q: What does the man promise to do at last?
A: He will not be late again (oversleep again)
常用的词汇和词组：fill sb. in (暂代某人), Yo u’ve really lost me there(你真的让我糊涂了), make sense, miss a pretty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes等。
（4）论文场景
场景人物：教授与学生，或者学生之间进行讨论。
场景涉及的内容：讨论论文写作的相关事宜，比如：论文题目，查找资料等等。
解题思路：论文的题目难以确定，资料太难找（题目太偏，查不到资料；题目太大，要查的资料太多，太杂）。
常用的词汇和词组：explore the topic, published resources, bibliography/reference, intellectual dishonesty, plagiarism(剽窃), get an early start, gather materials等。
生活相关类
包括体育场景，娱乐场景，租房场景等。
（1）体育场景
场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员一起出去郊游。
场景涉及的内容：往往是一些热门的运动，如cycling, rock climbing, skiing.
解题思路：目的不在于比赛，而是好玩，健身，交友。一些运动，如cycling，往往是以team, club或association的形式存在的。
常用的词汇和词组：ski, boots, pole, outdoors, get in great shape, ensure the safety, first aid(急救), check the trails, physical education, belts, patience, mental discipline, expert riders, starting line, relay station等。
（2）娱乐场景
场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员。
场景涉及的内容：包括郊游，参加运动，听音乐会，谈论玩的计划等。
解题思路：一般说到娱乐，常见的项目有go on a picnic, hiking trip, camping trip, go to a concert, see a movie, play the ball, ski, traveling等。
常见的词汇和词组：enjoy, good day, take a break, relax, reserve a court(预定一个球场), a
night-out, take your mind off your test, fair weather等。
（3）租房场景
场景人物：房东，住户
场景涉及的内容：和房东的相处甚至讨价还价。对房子的评价，包括价格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的过程。
解题思路：学生一般倾向于找价格低的房子，所以房子的条件一般比较差，经常会出一些毛病；由于房子紧张，找房子，租房子的过程往往很不容易。
常用的词汇和词组：roommate, dormitory, deposit, live on, off campus, utilities, heating costs, temporary accommodation, landlord, apartment, sublet, dishwasher, messy, a leaky faucet(漏水的水龙头), tenant, afford等。
工作相关类
（1）应聘（面试）场景
常景人物：聘方人员和应聘者。
场景涉及的内容：对于某种工作的态度和评价，应聘该工作的条件，如何办理相关手续，工资待遇和工作环境，工作时间等。
解题思路：应聘者介绍自己的情况，如：教育背景，特长等，聘方人员一般要介绍工作的性质，工资待遇以及上下班时间。
常用的词汇和词组：teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant, administrative assistant, waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter, dishwashing, formalities, application procedure, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance, precareer training(岗前培训), permanent employment, stipend, bonus, part-time job等。
应试技巧
概括地说，要听好长对话，必须做到以下五点：
（1）通过预读选项信息，能迅速把握它们的内在联系，从而预测所听对话材料的基本内容，并且从各个问题间的内在联系提炼出对话的中心思想，更好地理解个检测点的细节。下面两点值得特别关注：a.注意重复的词语，这些词通常会给你一些线索，还会帮助你回忆起你在题目中听过的名称；b.注意各个选项中的不同点，注意一些不同的名字，地点及不同的动词，这些不同之处将会帮你确定这道题中哪些是你要听的关键。
（2）排除明显错误的选项。及时排除明显错误的选项，将有助于你提高正确率。
（3）把握做题的节奏。做题的节奏在听力中比在其他部分要重要得多，每一项提问的时间间隔都是相同的，这就暗示着答题的节奏感。做到答题的节奏与提问的节奏相一致，一旦答题的节奏落后了，就会手忙脚乱，出错的几率大大增加。
（4）提高短期记忆能力，学会脑笔同记，边听边记和一系列适用自己的记忆方法。
（5）熟悉各种固定的提问形式，根据对话的发展预测可能提出的问题。
三.短文(Passages)
短文听力的提问方式有最常见的有以下4种类型。
1.中心思想题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。
提问方式有：What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about?等等。
做这一类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头，因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山，把中心思想置于文章的开头。另外，如果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇，同样也值得我们特别注意，因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想，通常就是正确答案。
2.事实细节题。所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等，问题一般为wh-question的形式。
这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感，及时做好笔记；另外，文中一旦出现以因果连词(如because, so, due to等)和转折连词(如but, however, though等)引导的句子也要格外留心，这些地方往往就是考点。
3.对错判断题。这类题常用以下提问方式：Which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned?等等。听到这类题时，一定要听清提问，对于有没有not一词要弄清楚。一般情况下，not一词会重读。
4.推理推测题。这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断，才能作出正确的选择。提问方式有：What can be infer from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem...? What does the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about...?等等。
做这类题时一定要注意与短文内容一样的不是推断，而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。
解题技巧
四级中的短文听力主要考查考生对语音及常用词汇、语法等基础知识的熟悉程度和分析、推理和判断等综合能力,相当于听力中的"阅读理解"。从语言和内容方面看,短文听力虽然没有阅读理解难度大,但由于听力的"瞬间性",即我们只能在听的同时去理解而见不到文本,因此对考生来说有
相当难度。然而,短文听力的命题和解题都有一定的规律可循,下面我们将分别讲解。
首先要浏览问题。根据问题推测短文大意,并带着问题去听,以便抓住有效信息；其次要边听边记录。记录并不是要把每句话都记录下来,而是把和问题相关的信息点记下来。在听的过程中要特别注意文章开头的几句(尤其是首句),这几句很可能是提纲挈领的句子,文章末句也经常是考点。短文听力题大致可分为三类。一是主旨题,这类题目考查对文章主旨大意的理解,常见的提问方式
有:What is the main idea of the passage? / What can we learn from this passage? / What is the best title for this passage? / What is the passage mainly about?；
二. 是事实细节题,这类题目考查对文章细节的理解,常见于记叙文,常用提问词包括what, when, how, where等；
三. 是推理判断题,这类题目是根据文章所给的内容进行推理,常见的提问方式有:What is the speaker most concerned about? / How does the writer feel about...? / What can we infer from the passage?等。
根据考纲解题型
(一)五大解题思路
题型一——细节题
1、标志：针对6w1h提问
2、解题的关键在于返回原文，不要凭印象作题，返回原文要有定位意识。
3、细节题迷惑选项的常用手段：偷换概念、扩大范围、反向干扰、颠倒因果、常识判断(列
举和文章无关的常识，尽管常识是对的，但文章中未提，也是错的)
题型二——猜词题
形式一：词汇题
1、标志：在题干中明确指出原文的单词或词组，要求辨其意。
2、关键：该单词认识与否并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下文。
3、做题方法：在文章中寻找同义词词组;代入替换法。
形式二：指代题
1、标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某个代词，要求辨别其指代关系，即it, that, one
2、做题方法：(1)首先返回原文定位此指代词，搜索其指代的词、词组或句子。(2)在四个选
项中找出一个同意表达作为答案。
形式三：句子理解题
1、标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的某句话，要求理解其意思。
2、关键：返回原文，对出题句进行语法、句法、词法的分析，精确了解其含义。
3、注意：重要的不是上下文，而是该句本身。正确答案与原文是同义关系，与原文其他无关
联。
题型三——推论题
1、标志：infer imply，conclude
2、整体思路：每个选项都列举了文章的一个事实(或错误事实)，我们要找的是哪一个符合原文。
3、如果四个选项之中都没明确提到，那么与原文意思最接近，所用推理步骤最少的就是正确答案。
4. 尤其要重视话中有话的陈述句或比喻句或反语或长难句，这些地方一般是分散列举题出题所在。
题型四——态度题
1、标志：attitude，tone
2、作者态度只分三类(1)支持，赞同，乐观(2)客观，中立(3)反对，批评，怀疑，悲观。除此之外没有其他作者态度。有些选项一定不是答案indifferent, subjective(主观), biased, puzzling等
3、识别作者态度有以下方法;(1)依据中心句推论(2)当作者态度未明确提出时，要找文章中带有褒贬意义的词(3)根据所举例子的正负来判断，只提一方，则不中立;两方均提，不管例子有多少，是否平衡，都中立。
题型五——主旨题
1、标志：best title, main idea, main problem, conclusion, best title, the writing purpose。
2、方法：(1)要着重理解首末段，首末句(2)若主旨在文章中间出现或前后段意转折时，应提高警惕(3)若段中出现转折时，该转折句很可能就是主题句(4)作者有意识重复的观点往往是主旨(5)首段出现疑问句时，对该疑问的解答就是主旨(6)主旨出现时常伴有如下词：but, however, therefore, in short
3、选项特点：(1)正确选项一般不含细节信息，并不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词(2)错误选项的
1. 一切以立足原文为基准。
2. 以文章信息为主导来选择一个原文表述一致的信息或者是同义改写的信息，以提高选项的正确率。
3. 务必确定答案所在位置
题干和答案紧密结合，构成一个独立完整不可分割的意义单位。我们在找答案的时候，绝对不能脱离题干。
4. 服从主旨原则
主旨包括段落主旨和全文主旨。把握文章主题，是正确快捷的解决阅读中的难题，取得阅读高分的基本前提。
5. 熟悉错误选项的设置方式，谨防干扰