Lesson 13 Writing the Abstract英语写作
Lesson 13 Writing the Abstract
1. Analyze the abstracts
The following two abstracts follow two different models. Finish the exercises.
Model 1: Match the number of each sentence with the description of what the writer is doing in each sentence.
( ) a. The writer summarizes the methodology and provides details.
( ) b. The writer presents the implications of the study.
( ) c. The writer combines the method, the general aim and the specific aim of the study in one sentence.
( ) d. The writer provides background factual information.
( ) e. The writer indicates the achievement of the study.
Title: Physical properties of petroleum reservoir fluids derive from
acoustic measurements
Abstract: ○1The speed of sound in a fluid is determined by, and therefore an indicator of, the thermodynamic (热动力) properties of that fluid. ○2The aim of this study was to investigate the use of an ultrasonic cell to determine crude oil properties, in particular oil density. ○3An ultrasonic cell was constructed to measure the speed of sound and tested in a crude oil sample.○4 The speed of sound was measured at temperatures between 260 and 411 K at pressures up to 75 MPs. ○5The measurements were shown to lead to an accurate determination of the bubble point of the oil. ○6This indicates that there is a possibility of obtaining fluid density from sound speed measurements and suggests that it is possible to measure sound absorption with an ultrasonic cell to determine oil viscosity. (132 words)
The structure of the abstract Model1 can be summarized as follows:
Introduction: aim, motivation, problem, thesis, what the paper does
Methodology: methods, approaches, type of evidence
Results: findings, achievements, accomplishments, product
Conclusion: implication, contribution, recommendation, application,limitation, future work Model 2: Analyze the structure of the following abstract. The phrases in the box are provided to help you identify what the writer is doing in the abstract
Effect of polymer coatings on drug release
Abstract:○1This paper reports the use of a novel water-soluble polymer (高分子) blend as a coating to control drug release. ○2It was found that using a blend of methylcellulose and a water-soluble copolymer (聚合物) significantly slowed the release rate of ibuprofen (布洛芬) compounds in vitro and allowed for a more consistent release rate of 10-20% per hour.(55 words)
2. Verb tenses used in abstracts
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There are some photos on the wall. They’re very beautiful. In the middle of the room, there is my bed. It’s not so big, but it’s very comfortable. Every night, I lay on the bed and have a good dream. On the right of the bed, there is my desk and chair. They’re in front of the window. My computer is on the desk. There is a lamp on the desk, too. I can do my homework here and play computer games. My bookshelf is on the left of the bed. There are a lot of storybooks and picture books in the shelf. I like them very much. Not everyone has a bedroom. I’m very lucky, because I have a very beautiful bedroom. I’ll try my best to keep it clean and tidy. 1. Our School Our school is in the west of the city. It is very big with a tall teaching building. There are thirty classrooms, a modern library, a dinning hall and a gym. There is a big playground where we often have sports. There are lots of trees and flowers beside the playground. There are more than five hundred students and teachers in our school and we all work hard. Our school is so beautiful that we all like it very much. 2. How did you spend your summer vacation I had a busy and interesting summer vacation. I did my homework every day so I finished doing my homework ten days before the new term. I also played table tennis and basketball with my friends every day. I sometimes went movies and went to the parks with my friends. I surfed the internet, read books and watched TV every evening. I visited my grandparents and helped them with the housework, too. I helped my parents clean the room and cook meals. The most important was that my parents and I went to Hannan Island and spent a week there. 4.. A happy Day It was sunny and very hot today. I got up early and helped my parents cook breakfast. Then I washed the dishes and cleaned the room. After a short rest I did my homework in the morning. In the afternoon I went swimming in the
11个热点话题,20篇优秀范文,2020中考英语作文满分就靠它啦!
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more and more用表示上升趋势的词代替如：a growing/increasing number of.. inevitable不可避免 physically beneficial副词+形容词的表达方式←比较好看的一种方式 议论文开头方法一： Background→Controversy (2 different/opposite ideas)、As/Being a controversial issue，。。。。。作为有争议的问题。。。。Now days， the issue on。。。is highly debatable，and ideas vary from person to person。不同的人有不同的观点。（不要用different people 。。。。）Some would claim 。。。。，while some others may suggest。。。一些人认为。。另一些人认为。。 Some would claim。。。，while the idea。。。is still held by some others。Idea倒装，句子更好看。不能用some。。the other。。这样只有两种可能性，太绝对。。 5个常用单词的替代 Think →claim / suggest / believe / advocate / maintain / suppose Good → beneficial / profitable / helpful / sound / decent / positive Bad→ harmful / detrimental / hazardous / negative Advantage→merit / virtue / benefit / profit / pro Disadvantage →demerit / drawback / flaw / shortcoming / con / cost 赞成某个观点。。 As for me，I side with the fomer/latter 中立观点。。 As far as I am concerned， I believe both views have their own merits and con coexit like a double-edged sword 双刃剑 。。。。can be neither absolutely perfect nor purely harmful 末段（总结） All in all/to conclude/in conclusion/in general/to sum up When all the above-mentioned factors are taken into consideration, a conclusion could be drawn that … (主要用来凑字数) 讨论用结构On one hand，。。。。contribute greatly to。。。 On the other hand/On the contrary/ in contrast，the demerits of。。。。can not be ignored. To begin with/firstly/first and foremost/首先 Besides/in a addition/moreover/其次 Thirdly/furthermore/last but not least/最后 alters=change 用alter代替change A result in B 因A果B C result from D 因D果C 介词 with/like/because of +名词（组）连词 as/because +句子 Boost related industry 推动相关产业Deplete fuel resources worldwide 耗尽石油资源 Air pollution 空气污染Help the spread of epidemics传播传染病（飞机） Traffic jam/accident 交通拥挤/事故（汽车） It is ..... that makes ......倒装 Overseas traveling widens horizon and visualizes what is learnt in books.扩大视野 Sweeten your life.甜蜜你的生活！ 85°C Besides, overseas shopping enables one to buy fashionable dresses and jewelries at a lower price.购物。。tourism/tourist industry 旅游业
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