考研英语阅读3(有详细翻译)Putting in a good word for guilt
Putting in a good word for guilt
There are two attitudes toward the sense of guilt: one is to eliminate it in order to live comfortably, which is usually advocated by most psychologists to maintain so-called mental health; 对于“内疚”感，人们有两种不同的态度。一种就是减少“内疚”感，为的是活得舒服。这是心理学家提倡的做法，用来维持所谓的心理健康。The other is to keep it, so that our behavior can be modified under the influence of conscience. 另一种态度是保持“内疚”感，以便我们的行为在道德良心的驱使下能有所改良。The author analyzes the nature and function of guilt in the deepest level and thinks that this worst emotion actually helps bring out the best in us, while, on the contrary, the lack of guilt is to be questioned. 作者鞭辟入里地分析了“内疚”感的本质及作用，她认为这种让人感到最不舒服的情感实际上能使人向善。而相反，理应受到质疑的应该是这种“内疚”感的缺失。
[1] Feeling guilty is nothing to feel guilty about. 不必因为有“内疚”感而感到“内疚”。Yes, guilt can be the excess baggage that keeps us paralyzed unless we dump it. 是的，“内疚”感会使我们背负过多的包袱。除非我们摔掉包袱，否则我们难以前行。But it can also be the engine that fuels us. 但它也能成为我们动力的来源。Yes, it can be a self-punishing activity, but it can also be conscience that keeps us civilized. 没错，它会成为一种自我谴责行为，但它也能变成一种道德良心，使我们不再野蛮愚昧。
[2] Not too long ago I wrote a story about that amusing couple Guilt and the Working Mother.就在前不久，我写过一篇故事，讲的是"内疚"和"工作型母亲"这对搭档的事。I'll tell you more about that later. 我下面还会补充一些。Through the mail someone sent me a gift coffee mug carrying the message "I gave up guilt for Lent." 有人寄给我一个礼品咖啡杯，杯上写着："因为大斋节，我放弃了'内疚'感。"
[3] My first reaction was to giggle. (看到这些字)我的第一反应就是觉得好笑。But then it occurred to me that this particular Lent has been too lengthy. 但随后我又意识到眼下这个斋节持续时间太长了。For the past decade or more, the pop psychologists who use book jackets rather than couches all were busy telling us that I am okay, you are okay and whatever we do is okay. 在过去十年或更长的时间里，大众心理学工作者都忙着通过书籍的封面套纸广告语，而非心理诊所的谈话，告诉大家说：我好，你好，大家做什么都好。
[4] In most of their books, guilt was given a bad name - or rather, an assortment of bad names. 在心理学工作者所出的大多数书中，内疚感被冠以恶名--甚至就是恶名的总称。It was a (1) Puritan, (2) Jewish or (3) Catholic hangover from our (1) parents, (2) culture or (3) religion. 它是清教，犹太教或者天主教的遗物，经由我们的父母，文化或宗教传给我们。To be truly liberated was to be free of guilt about being rich, powerful, number one, bad to your mother, thoughtless, late, a smoker, or about cheating on your spouse. 要想真正洒脱，就得消除内疚感，无论是有钱、有势、有名，或是对母亲不敬、不体谅别人，还是迟到、吸烟、有婚外情。
[5] There was a popular notion, in fact, that self-love began by slaying one's guilt. 事实上，以前就有个流行的看法，认为爱自己就得先消除内疚感。People all around us spent a great portion of the last decade trying to tune out guilt instead of decoding its message and learning what it was trying to tell us. 在过去十年的大部分时间中，我们周围的人们一直在遮蔽内疚感，而不是去理解内疚的含义并领悟内疚感正设法提醒我们什么。
[6] With that sort of success, guilt was ripe for revival. 有了那种(消除内疚感的)成功后，内疚感复活的机会也就成熟了。Somewhere along the I'm-okay-you're-okay way, many of us realized that, in fact, I am not always okay and neither are you. 沿着"我好你好"的路走着，但在某种程度上我们许多人都意识到，事实上，我并非一直都好，你也一样。Furthermore, we did
not want to join the legions who conquered their guilt en route to new depths of narcissistic rottenness. 此外，我们也不想加入到这样一大批人中去：他们通过更深层次的自恋式堕落克服了自己的内疚感。
[7] At the deepest, most devastating level, guilt is the criminal in us that longs to be caught. 从最深远、最彻底的层面上来说，内疚感是我们内心中一个一直期望被抓获的罪犯。It is the horrible, pit-of-the-stomach sense of having done wrong. 这是那种可怕的、堵在胸口、做了错事的感觉。It is, as Lady Macbeth obsessively knew, the spot that no one else may see...and we can't see around. 正如麦克白夫人心头萦绕不去的感受，内疚感就是那个别人看不到的污渍……而且我们还不能引颈四顾。
[8] To be without guilt is to be without a conscience. 没有内疚感就等于没有良知。Guilt-free people don't feel bad when they cause pain to others, and so they go on guilt-freely causing more pain. 没有内疚感的人给他人带来痛苦时不会感到难受，因此他们就心安理得地继续给别人添加更多的痛苦。The last thing we need more of is less conscience. 我们最不能多要的东西就是良知的缺失。
[9] Freud once said, "As regards conscience, God has done an uneven and careless piece of work, for a large majority of men have brought along with them only a modest amount of it, or scarcely enough to be worth mentioning." 弗洛伊德曾说过："就良知的分配而言，上帝做的既不公平也不认真。因为大多数人生来良知就不算多，甚至简直少的不值一提。"
[10] Now, I am not suggesting that we all sign up for a new guilt trip. 此刻，我并不是在建议我们大家都去报名参加新一轮的内疚感知之旅。But there has to be some line between the accusation that we all should feel guilty for, say, poverty or racism and the assertion that the oppressed have "chosen" their lot in life. 然而，下面两种论断还是有些差别的：其中一种认为
我们所有人都该为诸如贫困或种族主义感到内疚；另一种则断言受压迫者都是"命中注定"。
[11] There has to be something between Puritanism and hedonism.在清教徒主义和享乐主义这两个极端之间肯定还有一个更好的"主义"。There has to be something between the parents who guilt-trip their children across every stage of life and those who offer no guidance, no-gulp-moral or ethical point of view.同样，有的父母在孩子各个成长阶段都教导他们时刻要感到内疚，而另一个极端是，有的父母压根就不给孩子一丁点道德伦理指导，在这两者之间肯定还有更适当的做法。
[12] At quite regular intervals, for example, my daughter looks up at me in the midst of a discussion (she would call it a lecture) and says: "You're making me feel guilty."比方说，我跟女儿谈心时(她称之为训话)，她过一会儿就会抬起头来说："你让我心里不好受。" For a long time this made me, in turn, feel guilty.她这话反过来弄得我心里好长时间颇为不好受。But now I realize that I am doing precisely what I am supposed to be doing: instilling in her a sense of right and wrong so that she will feel uncomfortable if she behaves in hurtful ways.然而如今我意识到我的做法没有错：那就是给她灌输一种是非观，这样万一她以后伤害了谁就会良心不安。
[13] This is, of course, a very tricky business.当然，这事说起来容易做起来难。Guilt is ultimately the way we judge ourselves.内疚是评价自我的终极方式。It is the part of us that says, "I deserve to be punished."它是我们心中的声音，对自己说："我应受罚。" But we all know people who feel guilty just for being alive.不过我们也知道有些人单单因为活着就感觉自己犯了罪似的。We know people who are paralyzed by irrational guilt.还有些人因不着边际的内疚感而惶惶不可终日。And we certainly don't want to be among them, or to shepherd our children into their flock.我们肯定不愿意成为他们中的一员，也不愿自己的后代步他们的后尘。
[14] But it seems to me that the trick isn't to become flaccidly nonjudgemental, but to figure out
whether we are being fair judges of ourselves.然而我又感到解决问题的诀窍并不是要懦弱地对任何事都不敢评判，而是要看看我们评价自我时是否公正。Karl Menninger once wrote that one aim of psychiatric treatment isn't to get rid of guilt but "to get people's guilt feelings attached to the 'right' things."卡尔·门宁格曾写过，心理治疗的目的不在于清除内疚感，而是要把"人们的内疚感和'正确'的事情联系在一起。"
[15] In his book Feelings, Willard Gaylin quotes a Reverend Tillotson's definition of guilt as "nothing else but trouble arising in our mind from our consciousness of having done contrary to what we are verily persuaded was our Duty."威拉德·盖林在《情感》一书中引用了牧师蒂洛森对内疚感的定义："意识到做了有悖于我们职责的事后内心产生的不安。"
[16] We may, however, have wildly different senses of duty.当然，人们对职责可以有五花八门的认识。I had lunch with two friends a month ago when they both started talking about feeling guilty for neglecting their mothers.我一个月前和两个朋友共进午餐，她们俩谈起自己对母亲关心不够，于心不安。One, it turned out, worried that she didn't call "home" every day; the other hadn't even chatted with her mother since Christmas.结果，一个担心的是没能天天给"家"里打电话，另一个自打圣诞节就不曾跟她母亲聊过天。
[17] We are also particularly vulnerable to feelings of duty in a time of change. 在这个瞬息万变的时代，我们特别容易体会到各种责任感。Today an older and ingrained sense of what we should do may conflict with a new one.该做什么、不该做什么，今天根深蒂固的老观念就可能和一个新观念相冲突。In the gaps that open between what we once were taught, and what we now believe, grows a rich crop of guilt.过去所受的教育和今天的认识之间有很大差距，由此也生出各种内疚感。
[18] Mothers now often tell me that they feel guilty if they are working and guilty if they aren't.
有的母亲时常对我说，她们工作心里过意不去，不工作心里照样过意不去。One set of older expectations, to be a perfect milk-and-cookies supermom, conflicts with another, to be an independent woman or an economic helpmate.过去人们认为完美的超级母亲就是要给孩子喂好奶，会做可口的饼干;而相反，现在的标准则是要做独立的女性或者经济上的好帮手。[19] But duty has its uses.但是责任感也有其用处。It sets us down at the typewriter, hustles us to the job on a morning when everything has gone wrong, pushes us toward the crying baby at 3 A.M.是责任感逼迫我们坐到打字机前，是责任感催促我们在一个诸事不顺的早上去工作，临晨3点孩子哭了也是责任感让我们起床看孩子。
[20] If guilt is a struggle between our acceptance of shoulds and should-nots, it is a powerful and intensely human one.如果说责任感是我们的内心斗争，在什么该做、什么不该做之间进行艰难选择，那么这个斗争是强大的、充满人性的。Gaylin writes, "Guilt represents the noblest and most painful of struggles. It is between us and ourselves." 盖林写道："内疚感代表最崇高、最痛苦的斗争。这是我们与自我的斗争。" It is better to struggle with ourselves than give up on ourselves.与自我斗争总比放弃自我好。
[21] This worst emotion, in a sense, helps bring out the best in us.从某种意义上讲，这种最糟糕的情感有助于引发人性最美好的一面。The desire to avoid feeling guilty makes us avoid the worst sort of behavior.为避免内疚于心，我们就不去做最差劲的事。The early guilt of a child, who has hurt a younger sister or brother, even when no one else knows, is a message.如果一个孩子伤害了妹妹或弟弟，哪怕没人知道，他幼小的心灵也会滋生内疚，这就是一个很好的例子。The adult who has inflicted pain on an innocent, who has cheated, lied, stolen, to get ahead of another - each of us has a list -wakes up in the middle of the night and remembers it.有的成年人给无辜的人造成痛苦，他们为了超过别人而行骗、撒谎、偷窃（我们每个人心里都有一笔自
己的帐），可半夜醒来这些还历历在目。
[22] In that sense guilt is the great civilizer, the internal commandment that helps us choose to be kind to each other rather than to join in a stampede of me-firsts.从这个意义上说，内疚感是人类文明的伟大促进者，它是人类内心的戒律，促使我们选择与人为善，而不去与那些"老子先来"的自私自利者挤成一团你争我抢。"If guilt is coming back," said Harvard Professor David Riesman, who wrote The Lonely Crowd, "one reason is that a tremendous surge of young people overpowered the adults in the sixties."如果说人们心中的内疚感复苏了，"曾著《孤独的人群》哈佛大学教授戴维·里斯曼说，"原因之一是60年代猛增的年轻人势头压过了成年人。You might say the barbarians took Rome.你可以说成野蛮人占领了罗马。Now there are more adults around who are trying to restore some stability.而如今成年人更多了，他们正试图恢复稳定的局面。"
[23] Guilt is the adult in each of us, the parent, the one who upholds the standards.内疚感是我们心中的成年人，是父母，是坚持标准的人。It is the internal guide against which we argue in vain that "everybody else is doing it."它是我们内心的向导，虽然我们常常跟它争辩"其他人都这么干"，但是结果总是徒劳的。
[24] We even wrestle with ethical dilemmas and conflicts of conscience so that we can live with ourselves more comfortably.我们甚至与伦理困境和内心冲突做斗争，为求个心安理得。I know two people who were faced with a crisis about their infidelities.我认识两个女人，她们因不忠于婚姻而面临危机。One woman resolved the triangle she was in by ending her marriage.其中一个离了婚，结束了三角关系。The other ended her affair.另外一个终止了婚外恋。In both cases, it was the pain that had motivated them to change.两种情况下都是痛苦促成她们改变。
[25] It is not easy to attach our guilt to the right things.把内疚感和正确的事联系在一起并非
易事。It is never easy to separate right from wrong, rational guilt from neurotic guilt.明辨是非，分清理智的和神经质的内疚感向来很难。We may resolve one by changing our view of it and another by changing our behavior.要想解决问题我们要么改换看法，要么改变行动。
[26] In my own life as a working mother, I have done both half a dozen times.我曾是个上班的母亲，两种解决问题的方法我都试过好几次。When my daughter was small and I was working, I worried that I was not following the pattern of the good mother, my mother.女儿年纪小，然而我又要上班，我就担心自己没有像我妈妈那样当个合格的母亲。Only through time and perspective and reality did I change that view; I realized that my daughter clearly did not feel neglected and I clearly was not uncaring.时间一久，视野开阔了，通过现实我这才改变观点；我意识到女儿显然没有遭遇冷落的感觉，我也绝非漠不关心的妈妈。Good child care, love, luck and support helped me to resolve my early guilt feelings.悉心照料、爱意、机会和支持帮助我化解了早些时候的内疚之情。
[27] Then again, last winter I found myself out of town more than I was comfortable with.去年冬天有一阵，我到外地的次数比往日多了，心里有些不安。This time I changed my schedule instead of my mind.这次我没有改变看法，而是改变了行程。
[28] For all of us, in the dozens of daily decisions we make, guilt is one of the many proper motivations.就我们大多数人而言，每天要面临十几个决定。而内疚感是众多端正动机之一。
I am not saying our lives are ruled by guilt.我并不是说我们的生活由内疚感统治。Hardly.绝非如此。But guilt is inherent in the underlying question: "If I do that, can I live with myself?"但是内疚一直存在于这个基本问题："如果这么做，我能问心无愧吗?"
[29] People who don't ask themselves that question, people who never get no for an answer, may seem lucky.有的人从来不问自己这个问题，就算问了答案也是从来不会是否定的，他们
好像很幸运。They can, we think, be self-centered without self-punishment, hedonistic without qualms.在我们看来，他们能以自我为中心而不自责，尽情享乐而无顾忌。They can worry about me-first and forget about the others.他们能够只操心自我第一，其他人统统被他们抛在脑后。
[30] It is easy to be jealous of those who go through life without a moment of wrenching guilt.有些人一辈子不曾揪心地内疚过，羡慕他们倒很容易。But envying the guiltless is like envying a house pet.然而羡慕这些人就像羡慕家养宠物一样。Striving to follow their lead is like accepting a catatonic as your role model.步其后尘无异于把精神不正常的人视为自己的楷模。They are not the free but the antisocial.这种人并不自在，他们是反社会的人。In a world in which guilt is one of the few emotions experienced only by human beings, they are, even, unhuman.这个世上，内疚感是唯有人类所能感受到的为数不多的几种情感之一，这些人可以说都算不上人。
[31] Guilt is one of the most human of dilemmas.内疚是最体现人性的困境之一。It is the claim of others on the self, the recognition both of our flaws and of our desire to be the people we want to be.这意味着用别人的标准来要求自己，这意味着承认自己的缺点，也承认我们长久以来的愿望，就是要成为理想中的那个人。
大学英语2翻译原文及答案
Unit1 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.
考研英语阅读理解全文翻译
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
大学英语三课后习题翻译及答案
Unit 1 From her accent I guess she’s from the Northeast. 从她的口音我猜她是来自东北地区的。 It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself. 她很聪明，使他对自己的论点 I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make a pair. 我在床下发现了一双鞋，但他们不做一双 4. Dr. Bright always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care. Bright博士总是把他的时间用于他检查他的病人，并把他们的极端护理 5. British companies are trying to avoid the fate their American counterparts have already suffered. 英国公司正试图避免他们的美国同行已经遭受的命运。 6. Wilfred’s remarks confirmed me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. 威尔弗雷德的话证实了我在我看来，他是一个光荣的年轻人 7. The key witness for the prosecution was offered police protection after she received death threats. 检察机关的主要证人在收到死亡威胁后提供了警方的保护 8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong. 我认为这是事情的结束，但随后的事件证明我错了。 9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance winning the World Series this year. 经过这么长时间的练习，纽约棒球队赢得了今年的世界系列赛的机会。 10. At the trial , Bob’s teacher, who was called as a character witness, said he was a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before. 在审讯中，鲍伯的老师，被称为证人，说他是个安静的男孩以前从未惹过麻烦。 Unit 2 11. We’ve just had a very fruitful meeting with the management and we’re now much more hopeful about the pay rise. 我们刚刚与管理层有了一个非常富有成效的会议，我们现在对加薪的希望更大了 12. The book I’m reading explains the evolution of plant and animal life on earth. 我读的这本书解释了地球上动植物的进化
考研英语阅读及翻译(精品)
考研英语阅读 （1） To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话，“被误导的运动要想成功，所需的只是好人不作为。”现在，就有这样一个运动正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。科学家应该对动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的
英语阅读二课文及翻译
Text 1. Do we need extra vitamins? Many people believe that taking vitamin supplements is the best safeguard（保护、保卫）against the dangers of an incomplete diet, but this should be ①a last resort (最后手段)rather than a way out of a problem. Even if there is a genuine（真实的，真正的；诚恳的）need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises（出现；发生；站立）"which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There is really no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee guardians②保护者of our laws on food purity, labelling（标记，贴标签；标明）and advertising clams（保持沉默，闭嘴不言）and descriptions) suggest in their recent report to the government that we do not need any extra vitamins. They say that they are "not necessary for a healthy individual个人的；个别的； 独特的 个人，个体eating a normal diet". Whilst同时；时时，有时；当… 的时候few of us would challenge their authority on the subject of nutrition it is, perhaps, pertinent相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的to ask the question "how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet? "There is an element of doubt in many minds about these two aspects方面；方向；形势；外貌and though few people are familiar熟悉的；常见的；亲近的with the wording措辞；用语；语法of the
研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译(1-10)
Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World? If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature. 如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle. 事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from -- and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? 但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has
文献阅读与翻译(精华版)
Unit 1 general description of literature reading and translation 1.Definition of Literature Literature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. As an important means for preserving knowledge, literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race. 2.Classification of Literature 1) Textbooks（课本） a kind of professional writing（一种专业的写作） 2) Monographs（专著） various viewpoints and discussions 3) Papers（论文） the theoretical analysis and experimental description title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references 4) Encyclopedias(百科全书) every branch of knowledge 5) Periodicals （期刊） a series of publications 6)Special Documentation（特殊文档） all the printed materials 3.Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature stylistically (文体上) scientific literature is a kind of form writing; syntactically（结构上）scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures and in most cases is rather unitary; Morphologically（语法上）scientific literaure is featured by high specialization,the use of technical terms and jargons ,unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word Principles or Criteria of Translation Whenever principles or criteria of translation are under discussion in China, Yan Fu’s three- character guide”-----xin, da, ya, namely, faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅). These three principle has always been regarded as a plumb-line for measuring the professional level of translation and a goal for translators to strive after. However, in the application of this principle, people come to find some unsatisfactory aspects of the three-character guide and have put foreword a variety of new standards or criteria of translation. Despite a variety of opinions, two criteria are almost unanimously accepted by all, namely, the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy (忠实/准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). We may also take these two criteria as the principle scientific literature translation. By faithful/accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free form stiff formula and mechanical copying form dictionaries. Unit 2 professional papers 2.1.Definition of professional papers A professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic. It is variously known as the “research paper”, “course paper”, “thesis paper” or “library paper”. The task of the author of a paper is essentially the same: to read on a particular topic, gather information about it, and report the findings in it. 2.2.Classification of professional papers
必修二英语课文及翻译 word整理版
必修二 Unit1 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀厅Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. 弗雷德里克?威廉?我,普鲁士国王,从未想像过这恩赐与俄罗斯人会令人惊喜的历史。这个礼物,琥珀屋的,赐给这个名字,因为好几吨的琥珀被用来制造它。琥珀被选有一个美丽的黄棕色的颜色就像蜂蜜。房间的设计是别致的流行的日子。这也是一种珍惜用金子来装饰和珠宝,将国家的最好的艺术家们大约10年了。 In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. 事实上,这个房间没有是作为礼物送人的。它是设计出用于弗雷德里克的宫殿。然而,普鲁士的下一任国王弗雷德里克威廉?我、就是琥珀属于,决定不去保持它。在1716他给了彼得最重要的东西。作为回报,沙皇送给他一群他最好的士兵。所以琥珀房成了沙皇的一部分在圣彼得堡冬宫。大约四米长,房间作为一个小接待大厅为重要的游客。 Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. 后来,凯瑟琳二世琥珀屋的搬到一座宫殿外面圣彼得堡她在她的夏天。她告
研究生英语阅读教程翻译8-11
Lesson 8 IV. Translation Put the following into Chinese. 1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it. 每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。 2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works. 改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。 3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices. 结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。 4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas? 这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？ 5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a "rite of passage" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established. 一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。 V. Oral Practice and Discussion 1. How was music used during World War II and during the Vietnam War? 2. Describe peacetime uses of music. 3. List the major effects and functions of music. 4. Identify the basic issues in the FCC regulatory position. 5. What problems do you foresee in the development of record labeling plans? 6. Adaptation of popular or favorite songs is a persuasive tactic. Where is this technique used today? Cite several examples. (Hint: Advertising commercials) 7. If music shapes our perceptions and attitudes, then, should we be forced to listen to music in public places such as restaurants and shopping malls? 8. Are there other effects of music not included in this article?
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册课后翻译答案
NNCE Book3课后翻译参考答案 Unit1 英译中原文：Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices. Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially on and each individual has the power to change things. In our interdependent world, global citizenship encourages us to recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other. Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world. Today, the forces of global engagement are helping some people identify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information, communications and transportation technologies. Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own action. Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world. Keys：世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子，而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。世界公民相信人类从本质上来说是一个整体，任何个人都有改变事物的能力。在我们这样一个相互依赖的世界中，世界公民意识鼓励我们认识到对彼此的责任，并从对方身上学习。世界公民关心全球的教育、疾病、贫穷和环境问题。在当今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌发世界公民的意识，让他们拥有对全球社区的归属感。这种不断发展的世界公民意识在很大程度上来讲，要归功于现代信息、通信和交通技术的力量世界公民意识致力于给予人们力量，让他们付诸行动，世界公民除了要从世界问题中学习知识和价值观，还要拥有必需的技能，使他们拥有能力和自信，积极推动世界的发展。 汉译英原文：如今，很多年轻人不再选择" 稳定" 的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。青年创业（young entrepreneurship）是未来国家经济活力的来源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。 Keys：Nowadays, many young people no longer choose "stable" jobs. they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people's life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China's economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.