虚拟语气非真实条件句表格
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
（一）形式
I.动词的语气简介：
语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。
?动词的四种语气：
?1、陈述语气——所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的。
?Flowers blossom in the spring.
?He played the piano well.
?2、疑问语气——用来提出问题。
?3、祈使语气——表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。
?Let us help you.
?Keep off the grass.
?4、虚拟语气——与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑推测、祝愿等。
II.虚拟语气的运用
?一、在if条件从句中的运用
（一）表格及注意事项
?注：
? 1. 目前，虚拟语气的were除了在If I were you 的结构中不能改动外，其他有些情况可以用was。
? 2. 如果表示否定的意思，多用过去时结构，用should和were to 较少。?（二）、虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装
?若符合下列条件，可以省略if:
? 1.必须是非真实条件句，并且有were, had, should时，才可以省略if.
? 2.省略if时，主语与were, had, should的位置必须相互调换。
?万一我见到她，我会告诉她的。
?If I should meet her, I would tell her.
?Should I meet her, I would tell her.
?如果我处在你的位置上，我会做得更好。
?If I were in your position, I would do it better.
?Were I in your position, I would do it better
?如果他们准备了的话，他们应该能成功的。
?If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded.
?Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.
(三)含蓄条件句
假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如with，without，but，but for，otherwise等。
I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up.
If I had not lost her phone number…
But for your help, I would not have the
chance to go to school.
If you had not helped me…
I was away that day, otherwise I ____ the
lecture.
A. had attended
B. would have attended
C. would attend
D. attended
二、用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
（一）在wish引导的宾语从句中，表示未能实现或不可能实现的愿望，用虚拟语气。主句wish的时态不影响从句的时态。
1.与现在事实相反的愿望，从句动词用一般过去时(be变为were）
我希望我是你多好啊！
I wish I were you.
? 2.与过去事实相反的愿望，从句动词用过去完成时
?我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！
?I wish I had learned more.
?他要是不犯那个大错误，该多好啊！
?He wishes he hadn’t made the big mistake.
3.与将来事实可能相反的愿望，从句动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形” 。
最后一次机会他也失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊。
?The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he would have another chance.
?（二）在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词
? 1. (demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, …) 谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。
?注意：
? 1. 如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前。
?The head nurse insisted that the patient （should) not be moved.
? 2. 另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气
? 3. 除此之外，上述动词的其它形式也要求用虚拟式
①在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后的主语从句需要虚拟。
It is suggested that pupils (should) wear school uniforms.
②在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+系动词，其后的表语从句需要虚拟。
?His suggestion was that classes (should) be re-scheduled.
?③在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中
?The workers raised the demand that their pay (should) be increased to cope with the inflation.
?（三）Would rather (that) + 从句
? A + would rather (that) + B
?+ 过去时（与现在或将来相反）
?+ 过去完成时（与过去相反）
?你要是去那里就好了。
?I would rather you had gone there
?你要是现在留在家里就好了。
?I would rather you stayed at home now.
三、其它形式的虚拟语气
? 1. It is + necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等双音节或多音节的形容词后的主语从句中，需要使用虚拟语气。
?It is necessary that you (should) listen to the teacher carefully.
?It is essential that you (should) be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
? 2. 在It…s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。
?谓语动词用过去式。
?It is high time that you went to school.
?⒊虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用
?状语从句的谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同
主句+as if (though)+主语+
were/过去时〉表示与主句动作同时发生
could/would +动词原形〉表示动作可能在将来发生
had+过去分词〉表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前
He treats me as if I were a stranger.
She talks about it again and again as if she would never end.
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
?⒋在lest, for fear that （唯恐; 以免）引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。
?The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）
? 5. If only + 从句表示“愿望”的虚拟
?现在时：If only I were here.
过去时：If only I had been here.
将来时：If only I would be here.
动词向前推一个时态。
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法 先看一道高考题： ____ more attention，the trees could have grown better． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given （答案是A） 句中"．．．the trees could have grown better"是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better．"来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为"含蓄条件句"。 含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下： 一、介词短语 常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 （1）without，with without表示否定的条件，意为if．．．not；with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如：Without air，there would be no living things．（without air ＝if there were no air）没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help（＝If I had her help），I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 （2）under Under the leadership of a less experienced person，the experiment would have failed．（u nder．．．＝If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person）假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 （3）in I would have lost my head in that position．（in that position ＝if I had been in that po sition）我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 （4）but for
真实条件句,虚拟语气.
当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。首先看以下例句：（1） You like calssical music, don't you? 你也喜欢古典音乐，对吗？(2 He lived in Vienna, too,didn't he? 他也住在维也纳，对吗？（3）Your parents can swim, can't they? 你父母会游泳，是吗？（4） Tony doesn't like classical music,does he? 托尼不喜欢古典音乐，对吗？（5） This music isn't very popular, is it? 这音乐并非十分流行，对吗？从以上句子可以看出，反意疑问句是由“助动词/ 系动词be（肯定或否定）+主语（代词）” 构成的。在反意疑问句的构成中要注意以下几点： 1.前面当陈述句如果是肯定的，反意疑问句就要用否定形式，如（1）、（2）、（3）；前面的陈述句如果是否定的，反意疑问句就要用肯定形式，如（4）、（5）； 2.反意疑问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词； 3.翻译疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句谓语动词保持一致。陈述句部分如果有标识否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：They have never visited his home, have they? 他们从来没有到他家玩过，是吧？在回答反意疑问句时，要特别注意英、汉两种语言习惯的差别。试看下面当例句：——Mr Smith isn't American, is he? 史密斯先生不是美国人，对吧？——Oh yes, he is.不对，他是美国人。可以看出，在英语中，无论问题是怎样问的，只要答语的事实是肯定句，就要用YES；只要答语的事实是否定的，就要用NO. 编辑本段英语18种特殊的反意疑问句介绍 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句，用will you 多表示“请求”，用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如：Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板，好吗？Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如：Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧，好吗？还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。2Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如： Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试，行吗？ 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如：What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊，是吧？ 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to，且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形
if条件句中的虚拟语气讲解
虚拟语气(一) 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 If I were a boy, I would join the army. If she had time, she should go with you. If h e had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. If i t were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America 如果我是你，我就会努力学习 If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了 If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛． If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.
使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了． If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) ２．省略句 在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。 表现在过去时 表过去过去完成时 表将来would, might, could＋动词原形 I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I would\could go.
If条件句和虚拟语气
If条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（First conditional）,一类是非真实条件句(Second Conditional)。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句；如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句。 1.真实条件句,可用if和unless引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求,这时的if等于when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will用于if从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： If I become president, I’ll make all of my people live a happy life. (竞选总统的候选人这样说) If I became president, I’d make all of my people live a happy life. (一个小学生这样说) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反 If you had come here a little earlier, you would have met the pop star. I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese. l 以下推测将来 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could we do? 2) 错综时间条件句
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。 只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现， 能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气； 假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。 例：⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 2、注意事项： ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。 二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法： 1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。（而事实上得到了你们的帮助） 2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好） 3.If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你） 4.If time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话，我再写一遍。（事实上时间不允许） 5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。（事实上现在下雪） 6.What would I do if I were in your place?要是我处于你地位我会怎么办？（事实上我不在你的位置上） 7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。（可是他不着急） 8. If I were you, I should buy it. (从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy) 9. If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。)（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study） 10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask) 注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. (从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)
(完整版)if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his ol d friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能
够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 4、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
高考if条件句虚拟语气
高考虚拟语气试题 1. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 2. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 3. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 4. If I ___ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 5. If he had not gone out in the storm _____. A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now 6. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain 7. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should k now D. knew 8. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet. A. is to, should B. were to, would C. were going to, would D. was going to, should 9. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now. A. had lis tened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 10. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow. ---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting. A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have 11. If I had hurried, I ___ the train. A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught 12. If I had known that, I ___ so. A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done 13. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. we re 14. If the doctor had been available, the child ___. 教育是一项良心工程 1
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
iｆ引导的条件句中的虚拟语气?虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的 假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。?一、ｉｆ引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1)．真实条件句（Sentences of Real Coｎdition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。例如:?⑴、If I ｈaｖe timｅ, I wｉll help yｏｕwith ｔhisｗork.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (２)、Iｆtimｅperｍiｔs，ｗｅ＇ll go fishｉng tｏgetheｒ. (如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。) 2).虚拟条件句（Seｎtｅnces of UnrｅaｌCoｎditiｏn):当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如: ⑴、ＩfＩｗｅrｅyou ,I woｕｌd haｖe ａttenｄｅd th e meｅtiｎｇ．如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。?⑵、I f ｈe had come ｈeｒe yesterday, ｈｅwouｌd haｖe sｅen ｈis ｏlｄfriｅnd.假如他昨天来这儿的话,就会看见他的老朋友。?⑴、If iｔｈaｄrained yｅsｔerday, we would hａve stayｅｄaｔｈｏme．(如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。)?２、．ｉf条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断?判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要
用虚拟语气。?判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法”?后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是:?①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。?主句中则用情态动词wｏuld, sｈouｌd, coulｄ等加一个与从句 一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、Ｉf I had coｍe ｈeｒyestｅrdａy，Ｉｗoｕlｄhave seen hiｍ. ⑵、Ｉf Ｉwｅｒe a teaｃhｅr, I ｗｏｕｌd bｅｓtrｉct wｉth my studenｔｓ. ⑶、Ｉｆit ｓhouｌd snow ｔomorｒow,ｔheｙcoulｄn't g o out. 4、注意事项?①iｆ条件句中如有ｗere，should, haｄ,可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。?②在现代英语中ｉｆ条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用wｅrｅ。 二、虚拟语气在ｉf 引导的条件句中的用法:?(一）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：?从句:if + 主语+动词的过
关于虚拟语气的完整用法
关于虚拟语气的完整用法
关于虚拟语气的完整用法 第一类 编辑 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法： 条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如： If I have time，I will go. 假若我有时间，我就去。（陈述语气） If I were you，I would go. 假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气） 时态类型主句谓语形式 条件句的谓语 形式 例句 与现在事实相反would/should/could/might+ V 原形 动词过去式d id *be 多用wer e 1. If I were you, I should st udy English. 2. I would certainly go if I had time. 与过去事实相反would/should/could/might + h ave done 动词过去完成 式 had done 1. If you had taken my advi ce, you would not have fail ed in the test. 2. If I had left a little earlie r, I would have caught the t
rain. 与将来事实相反would/should/could/might + V 原形 ①动词过去式 ②should +V 原 ③were + to do 1.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. ① 2. If it were to rain tomorro w, the meeting would be pu t off.③ *规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去） 注：特别说明 1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较： If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。 (would表结果) If you tried again，you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。 (might表可能) If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法先看一道高考题： ___ more attention ，the trees could have grown better ． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D ．Having given (答案是A ) 句中" ．．．the trees could have grown better" 是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better ．" 来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为" 含蓄条件句" 。含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下：一、介词短语常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with ，without ，in ，under ，but for 等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if 从句替换。 ( 1 ) without ，with without 表示否定的条件，意为if ．．．not ；with 与without 意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如： Without air , there would be no living things .(without air = if there were no air)没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help (= If I had her help )，I would do the experiment well ．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 ( 2 ) under Under the leadership of a less experienced person ，the experiment would have failed ．( u nder ．．．= If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person )假设在一个缺 少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 (3 ) in I would have lost my head in that position ．( in that position = if I had been in that po sition )我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 ( 4 ) but for
if引导的条件状语从句-虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论： 1．名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形 2．条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句 3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest） 一．三种基本形态（1） 表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式 现在：did / were would (should, might, could)+do 过去：had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been) 将来：were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do 三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出） 与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book. 与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book. 与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book. If I should have enough money, I would buy a book. 二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book. Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book. Should I have enough money, I would buy a book. 三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语） (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟) If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. (对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟) If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见） 3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural等) that...” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。What would I have done without you? But for their help, I would not have finished the task. But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead. Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句： 1.与过去事实做相反： If…+had+done…would(should.could.might.that) 2.与现在事实相反：If+did(be-were),,,,,would(同上)+do. 3.与将来事实相反：If+did(be-would),,,were do,,,should do,,,,would+do(同上) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句： 在表示，要求，命令类的动词后面的宾语从句中用（should）+do.如：advise,suggest,propose,request,insist.suggest作暗示表明时，insist作“坚决认为”时不用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气用于主语从句： 1.It is necessary(important, natural,strange,essential,etc)that sb (should)+do 2.It is /was suggested (desired,ordered,proposed,advised)that sb(should)+do 3.It is time sb+did.做，，，时候了。 4.虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中（要是，，，就 好了） 1.must+have+过去分词（用于肯定句）一定已经…….
2.can’t (couldn’t)+have +过去分词（用于否定或疑问句）不可能…. 3.should/ought to+have+过去分词。本来不应该（却做了）… 4.needn’t+have+过去分词（本不必做） 1. 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
高中英语破题致胜微方法(虚拟语气)虚拟语气之含蓄条件句
虚拟语气之含蓄条件句 “含蓄条件句”是指用介词短语的形式，起到代替条件句的作用。主句中的谓语动词仍可象虚拟条件句那样采用各种虚拟式。常使用的介词短语由but for, without构成。 一. 典型例句 1. Without air, human being would not be able to survive. = If there were no air, human being would not be able to survive. 如果没有空气，人类将无法生存。（与现在事实相反） 2. The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the caprain. =If it had not been the efforts of the caprain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. 要不是船长的努力，我们就会连船带人都沉没了。（与过去事实相反） 注意： without, but for暗示了条件，所以相当于虚拟条件句中的从句，它们所在的句子主干相当于虚拟条件句中的主句，所以谓语动词的形式应该和虚拟条件句中的主句谓语动词形式相同。 二. 例题 1. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _________, too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing cold C. can be freezing cold D. is freezing cold 2. But for the English examination, I ________________last Sunday. A.went to the concert B. would have gone to the concert C.would go to the concert D. had gone to the concert 三. 总结
虚拟语气试题和答案经典
虚拟语气试题和答案经典 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．----What can I do with so much money? ----If I _______ you, I _______ give it away to charity. A．am, will B．am, would C．were, would D．was, would 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查虚拟语气。句意你如何处理这些钱？如果我是你，我会把它捐给慈善机构。表示对现在的虚拟，if引导的从句用一般过去时，语句用would do ,故选C项。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果天气是好的，我们的运动会就不会推迟了。这里是虚拟语气，根据wouldn’t可知这是对现在的虚拟，在条件状语中对现在的虚拟用were；put down 镇压，记下；put up提供； put off推迟。根据句意故选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning. A．were, wouldn’t be B．were, wouldn’t C．was, won’t be D．am, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析；句意：如果我是你，今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。与现在事实相反，故从句用过去时态，主语用过去将来时态。选项B缺少谓语动词。故选A。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句 点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
If 条件句 虚拟语气
If 条件句虚拟语气 if 条件句 If it hadn’t rained ,I would have been out to play If I were to be a doctor,I would help those patients Hadn’t it rained, ,I would have been out to play 情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气： Should have done 本该做。。却没做 Shouldn’t have dong 不该做。。却做了 Needn’t have done 没必要做。。。却做了。。。 例如：I should have called me . 强化训练：虚拟语气 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we ----- all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2.-------- more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he ------me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4.----------- today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 5. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 6. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he-------- our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be