四级翻译题

1、句子翻译改为段落汉译英翻译

2、考试范围由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会生活、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中国传统文化”，其中亮点就是新增了难度较大的文化领域。为此，针对传统文化，需要掌握以下文化语句的通用表达，必背16句!

一、

对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。

Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years . The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals i ncluding the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural cel estial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural f usion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

二、

秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern p rovinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is p owerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if peopl e hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come t o street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.

三、

长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting th e Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who d oest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls fo r different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qi n Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.

四、

饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括： 1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。

Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. Accordi ng to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhan g Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wra ppers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and b oil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival an d other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for f amily love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an es sential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.

五、

针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。

Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupu ncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin a nd yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in tr aditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy ”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to s timulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has bee n handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowa days, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese marti al arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “f our new national treasures.”

六、

中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。

、

Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese cult ure in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and def ence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea o f Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony”and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includ es thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-vario us sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softne ss and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of l ife and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later g enerations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiq uan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and ha lberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.

七、

汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。

Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remem ber things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character syste m that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bone s and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscrip tions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters a re usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of a n orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling stroke), “＼” (t he right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).

八

中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. Th e recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess mu lti-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary p eople in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by peopl e as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also i

mplies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by West erners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.

九

印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。

Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, et

c. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Perio

d (475BC-221BC). Th

e making o

f a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal i s not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and c alligraphies. It is gradually becomin

g one of China’s unique artworks.

十、

天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。

Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording a nd naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, g ui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes an

d wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so th

e order o

f the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are prop erly matched in turn. In terms of recordin

g date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use n ow. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the se vent

h of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.

十一、

京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。

Chinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national qu intessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially hui ban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took sh

ape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performin g arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female).

十二

道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philoso pher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral chara cter and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be na med are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. T ruly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.

十三

中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practic e. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical f unction as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangb uxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, a ncient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.

十四

中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。

China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (160

0BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely hig h level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding dipl omat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the M editerranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite desi gn and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepte d as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.

十五、

中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and river s, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chines e classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its art istic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountai ns and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classic al garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

十六

笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

The Four Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were r equisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referr ed to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been use d by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---2 06BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make br ushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natur al ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink ston e was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (9 60AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writin g brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizho u, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; an d duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier c alled Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chines e civilization, as it is.

1.狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luc k.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could d rive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal fa mily of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and oth er festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.

2.中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which o ffers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and openi ng up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the coop eration. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to pr omote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.

3.假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。

The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the

basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the struc ture of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the o ther hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved qualit y of life.

4.端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

The Duan Wu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patri otic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peac e and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of bein g vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hopi

ng that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, t he festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.

5.2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Y aping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environ ment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.

6. 朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China.T hough Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-fam ous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of i ts colorful past. Hidden a mongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai.Th ey keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its op ening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.

7.近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development. To change their d estiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts o f the industrious and talented Asian people. The people of Asia re fully aware that there i s no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring an d finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own sit uations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development. 8.、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽

烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。

Smoking does great harm to human and its

gravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increas es the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about the prevalence of tobacc o in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induce diseases and deaths, the WHO (Wor ld Health Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impossible to quit because they could do without me als in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one re alizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curs e to others as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptation of tob acco. To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists,he’ll be rewarded.

9.越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the re alization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that t heir kid shave a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awaren ess of the fact that their kids can benefit rom their bilingual ability which can not only en hance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and fa miliarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they kn ew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China,where they can enjoy its m agnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.

10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视而不见。//

相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。// 在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。// 因此，我们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。

I share the same view with many East Asian scholars that the Oriental civilization can he al some of the prevailing ,stubborn Western ills. We should not turn a blind eye to the fac t that individual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extreme individuali sm, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// By contrast,self-discipline, corpor ate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asia can offset many Western vices.// A t this age of information, the world has shrunk as a global village in which there will be n o clear-cut worlds of the East and the West any more, but a world of one community wit h neighboring families.// Therefore,we do not necessarily have to come into clash with e

ach other. Our relationship is one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual compleme ntarity and therefore,we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmo ny.//

11.、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。// 美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。// 我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//

Equality and mutual benefit is the fundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it is normal that countries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to tra de friction sand disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cool and wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade and ec onomic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in China

stands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have their business in China, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the same time, many Chine se commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the nu mber of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpassed 1,000.// We pred ict that trade disputes between China and the United States will become more acute alon g with the further development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation. The overall d evelopment in bilateral trade and economic cooperation is, however, irreversible. There ar e two factors contribute to this trend.Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations e njoy complementarities in vast fields. Secondly, China has an outstanding labor cost adva ntage.//

12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，// 根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。// The China International Publishing Group is the largest and the most authoritative foreig n language publishing and distribution establishment, its predecessor being the Internati onal Press Bureau of the Central People's Government Press and Publication Administrati on.//Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China's march to the world and f acilitating world's understanding of China”, the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges bet ween China and foreign countries.// In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff , as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding business, the Grou p makes it a rule that young staff be selected and

sent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas,for furth

er studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy,we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market, aiming at the international readership. Our initial effort shave been very rewarding.//

13.改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。

As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade refo rm and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese a nd turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chine se language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from th eirs. And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architect ure, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venera ble civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world o utlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to st ay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chines e language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They ar e also interested in kongfu films,fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng,gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The lates t Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thoug ht, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//

14 、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//

Shanghai cuisine , usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among the major regio nal cuisines in China,with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regiona l cuisines,Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential quality element s.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors. Shanghai cuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumpling sand a special dish called “S quirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings are small in size, wit h thin and translucent wrappers, filled inside with ground pork and rich tasty soup. Squirr el-Shaped Mandarin Fish is yellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and ten der meat, all covered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped Mand arin Fish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is more appropria

te to plus “appearance” as the fourth element.

15、美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。//在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。//美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。//现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。//

American people emphasize efficiency,competition and originality while Chinese people gi ve priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication a mong team members.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chines e teachers like to lecture in class,and a lot of them are obsessed with examinations. They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and are

happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to American political, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moral autonomy. Traditional Chi nese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism,which sings high praises for com munal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever. Chinese learn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exercise Kung Fu, like Peking Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion has be en performed on Broadway.//

16.武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。// 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。//武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。//老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。// Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chines e traditional culture. As well know, the fine culture of a nation does not belong to the nat ion alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// The Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have been worki ng very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.// The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attra ctiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years.// Mart ial artists of the older generation shave sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Wushu, which can be used as self defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soon becam e popular on new lands. Today superb wushu masters are active all over the world, and a mateurs are on the increase with each passing day.

17、香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合传统与现代，融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。//40多年来，中大一直致力于弘扬中华传统文化，坚持双语教育，并推行独特的书院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地134

公顷，是世界上最美丽的校园之一。//中大的师生来自世界各地。有教职员工 5200多人，近万名本科生、约2000多名研究生，其中约2500多人来自45个不同的国家和地区。//中大实行灵活的学分制，不仅有助于培养有专有博的人才，而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。//

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963. It is are sea rch-oriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine tradition with modernity and bring together China and the West.//For more than40 years, we have been distingui shed from other local universities by virtue of our rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique college system. 134-hectare campus is one of the most beauti ful campuses in the world.//CUHK’ s faculty and students come from all corners of the wo rld. It has more than 5200 staff members,approximately10,000 undergraduates, and 200 0 postgraduate students. Of these students, some2,500 are from 45 countries and region s outside Hong Kong.//The flexible credit unit system allows a balance between depth wit h breadth, and a high degree off ree choice of students in designing their own learning. The mufti-faceted education at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.// 18、过去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。// 环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界 40%以上的人口，即 20 多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来 25 年全球人口将有 60 亿增长到 80 亿，环境保护面临更大的压力。// 中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。// 众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有 6000 多种左右，高等植物 3 万多种。//

Sea level rose and forest were destroyed at an unprecedented rate during the last decad e. A series of environmental problems such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extincti on of bio-species,damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have pose d a serious threat to human living conditions. Environmental crisis leads to one of the ser ious problems, namely, water shortage. Presently, more than 40% of the world’s populati on, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage. It

is predicted hat with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight bi llion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmental protection stress is expecte d. As a developing country, china is confronted with the dual task of developing the econ omy and protecting the environment.Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, i n the process of promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental prote ction one of its basic state policies.// It is known to all that protection of the ecological e nvironment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protection work. China is rich in wildlife species. There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000species of hig her plants