并列复合句与主从复合句

一、并列复合句“二步”学习法

并列复合句（简称并列句）与主从复合句（简称复合句）的区别是：并列句用并列连词连接两个或两个以上的句子，并表示句子与句子之间的并列关系。复合句是一个完整的句子，用连接词连接的从句充当句子的某一个成分，是主从关系。

试比较：

Come here early , and you will see our manager . （两个句子之间是并列关系，没有从属关系，所以是并列复合句）

If you come here early , you will see our manager . （句中If引导的条件状语从句和后面的主句有主从关系，从句从属于主句，所以是主从复合句）

二、掌握并列复合句的连词

并列句的连词由单个连词和连词词组两部分组成。

1、由and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列连词把连个简单句连接起来而成为

并列复合句。

2、由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句。常用的并列连词词组有not

only …but also …. , either…or…, neither …nor…, not…but…, both…and…, as well as…等等

三、主从复合句“二步”学习法

主从复合句中的从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句等6种。前四种均相当于一个名词的作用-----名词性从句。

名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句

第一步、掌握复合句的结构

以下采用线条和图示的方法介绍复合句的结构：

说明：

主句：_________________

从句：﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

连接词：

1.主语从句的两种结构：

①连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍谓_________________

Who are the winners hasn’t been announced .

②It谓_________________ 连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

It hasn’t been announced who are the winners.

主语从句是整个句子作主语，他可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构①），但多数情况是it做形式主语（结构②），而把主语从句放在主句之后。如果主语从句太长，显得笨重，这是我们就采用结构②

这种it作形式主语的主从复合句有以下几种结构：

①It is ＋ n. ＋ that …

②It is ＋ adj. ＋that…

③It is ＋过去分词＋从句

④It ＋ vt. ＋宾语＋从句

It worried /shocked/surprised/delighted…that…或It makes no difference that /whether…

It worried me a bit that her hair was turning grey .

It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was .

It makes no difference to me whether he goes there or not .

⑤It ＋ v. ＋从句

It made …＋ adj. that…

It happens/happened that …

It seems/seemed that…

It appears/appeared that …

It seemed to him (that) he would never work out the question .

It (so) happened that the famous actor was her mother .(The famous actor happened to be her brother .)

2.表语从句的结构

_________________系连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

The question is whether they have enough time .

表语从句：位于系动词之后，整个句子作表语的句子。表语从句对主语进行解释、说明，是主语的内容具体化。表语的从句的结构比较简单，显著特点是从句位于系动词之后。

China is no longer what is used to be .

He looked just as he had looked ten years before .

It sounds as if someone is knocked on the door .

That’s because he didn’t understand me .

That’s why he got angry with me .

3.宾语从句的两种种结构：

①_________________动、行、介连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

②_________________动it （＋adj./n.）连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

Do you know where the boy lives .

I’m interested in what you said at the meeting .

We are glad (that) you’ve come to join us .

The boy has made it clear that he won’t give up .

We feel it a pity that you won’t join us in the game .

宾语从句：就是整个从句作及物动词、介词和少数形容词的宾语。当宾语从句之后带有形容词、名词等，一般用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放到句末，此时引导宾语从句的that不能省略。

注:从结构上讲，宾语从句特别要注意的是语序和时态。宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。是太主要取决于主句的时态。主句是现在时，从句可以是任何时态。但主句是过去时，从句除了表示客观真理可用现在时外，一律用过去时态。

Could you tell me what time it is now ?

Nobody knows where she lives .

Do you know when they will come back to school ?

Mother said that she would buy me a bag .

When do you think Mr. Zhang will come back to our company .

4.定语从句的三种结构

①_________________先行词连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

This is the pen that I bought last week .

②_________________先行词，连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

He gave her mother a watch for her birthday , which pleased her a lot .

定语从句：整个句子在复合句中作定语，修饰先行词（名词、代词或句子）。结构上分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

学生常会出现的错误：

Do you know the girl is standing under the tree ?

The boy , often come here to see me , is my brother .

The stamp that you give it to me ia valuable .

5.同位语从句的结构

从结构上讲，同位语从句和定语从句完全一样.

区别：

同位语从句解释说明先行词（一般是一些比较抽象的名词）的内容，引导词是that，不能用which（引导词后还有其他词），that不充当任何成分：而定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，一般情况下that和which都行，而且在句中充当成分。

This is the news which/that our neighbor told us .

This is the news that our team won the game .

His suggestion that we’ll go for a visit on Saturday is very much .

His suggestion that/which he put forward at the meeting is very much .

6.状语从句的两种结构

①连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍，_________________

Because he was very busy , he didn’t come here .

②_________________ 连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍

He didn’t come here because he was very busy .

状语从句：整个句子在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。因此我们可以把状语从句称作副词性从句。状语从句分为时间、地点、原因条件目的结果让步方式和比较状语从句

从结构上讲，表示地点、目的、结果、方式、比较的状语从句只能谓语句末。但有些（并非全部）表示时间、条件、让步、原因的状语从句既可以谓语句首，也可以位于句末。位于句首时，一般用逗号与主句隔开。

I was watching TV when my mother came in .

= when my mother came in ,I was watching TV .

If you put your heart into study ,you will make good progress .

=you will make good progress if you put heart into study .

Although /Though he is very young ,he knows a lot .

=he knows a lot although/though he is very young .

Young as he is ,he knows a lot .

The man was very happy because he had found his lost car .

=Because he had found his lost car , the man was happy .

状语从句常见错误：

误:Although/though he is over seventy , but he is strong .

Although/though he is over seventy , yet he is strong .

he is strong .

he is still strong 。Although/though均为连词，不能再重复用力按此but ，但可以用副词yet，still 。类似情况还有because和so不能连用。

误：I was walking in the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom . 正：I was walking in the street ，when suddenly I saw my friend Tom 正：When I was walking in the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom .

误：We’ll go boating if it will be fine tomorrow .

正：We’ll go shopping if it is fine tomorrow .

正：if it is fine tomorrow We’ll go shopping .

误：As he is very busy ,he is always ready to help us .

正：Busy as/though he is ,he is always ready to help us .

正：Although/Though he is very busy ,he is always ready to help us .

四、掌握复合句的连接词

通过以上线条和例句，我们在大脑里基本上对各种从句有这样一个印象：

1、主语从句位于句首（或it做形式主语，主语从句在后）

2、表语从句位于系动词之后

3、宾语从句位于及物动词、介词和少数形容词之后

4、定语从句位于位于先行词之后

5、同位语从句的结构同定语从句

6、状语从句共有9种，有的可前有的可后

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