BTA40,BTA41,BTB4-可控硅中文自翻资料

英文论文及中文翻译

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.360docs.net/doc/6910460559.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能李专，肖鹏，熊翔粉末冶金国家重点实验室，中南大学，湖南长沙410083，中国（收稿日期：2009年8月12日修订：2009年8月28日;接受日期：2009年9月2日）摘要：采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材

C语言中英文翻译资料

一．C语言关键字对照关键字，又称保留字，是C语言中已预先定义、具有特定含义的标识符。注：C语言中共有32个关键字，所有关键字都用小写字母表示，且这些关键字不能用作用户标识符。即关键字由系统定义，具有特定的含义，不能重作其它定义。 32个关键字如下： 1．数据定义 C语言中所有的变量都具有某种类型，其定义的基本格式是：类型变量名； int：整型 short：短整型 long：长整型 signed：有符号型 unsigned：无符号型 char：字符型 float：单精度型 double：双精度型 const：定义常量 typedef：类型定义 2．存储类别一般在变量的定义前面，用于指定变量的存储类别，如果缺省的话，则默认是auto。 auto：自动变量 static：静态变量 register：寄存器变量 extern：外部变量 3．结构 C语言中除了提供一些基本数据类型外，还提供了结构体，共有体以及枚举，用来实现多个变量的集合表示。 struct：结构体 union：共用体 enum：枚举类型 4．语句 C语言中提供了一些语句来实现程序的基本结构。 if：条件判断（假如） else：不满足条件（否则） for：循环 do：与while一起使用，直到型循环 while：当型循环 goto：无条件跳转语句 switch：多分支选择语句 case：分支，在switch语句块中表示不同的分支

default：缺省，一般在switch语句中使用 continue：继续（结束本次循环） break：中断（跳出整个循环） return：返回 void：空类型（用于函数没有返回值时） 5．预处理＃define：定义一个宏名来代替一个字符串＃include：引入程序所需要的头文件＃undef：条件编译＃ifdef：假如定义＃ifndef：假如没有定义 6．其他 sizeof：用于计算所占内存空间的大小 volatile： C语言关键字volatile（注意它是用来修饰变量而不是上面介绍的__volatile__）表明某个变量的值可能在外部被改变，因此对这些变量的存取不能缓存到寄存器，每次使用时需要重新存取二．Turboc2.0 环境中常用的关键词 File(文件) Load（加载） New（新建） Save（保存） Write to（另存为） Directory（目录） Change dir（改变目录） Quit（结束） Run（运行） Program reset（程序重置） Goto cursor（运行到光标处） Trace into（跟踪） Step over（单部执行） Compile（编译） Compile to obj（编译成目标文件） Make EXE file（制作可执行文件） Link EXE file（链接可执行文件） Build all（创建全部） Options（选项）

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书英文文献及中文翻译学院：专 2011年6月电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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可控硅工作原理

可控硅工作原理一种以硅单晶为基本材料的Ｐ１Ｎ１Ｐ２Ｎ２四层三端器件，创制于１９５７年，由于它特性类似于真空闸流管，所以国际上通称为硅晶体闸流管，简称可控硅Ｔ。又由于可控硅最初应用于可控整流方面所以又称为硅可控整流元件，简称为可控硅ＳＣＲ。在性能上，可控硅不仅具有单向导电性，而且还具有比硅整流元件（俗称死硅）更为可贵的可控性。它只有导通和关断两种状态。可控硅能以毫安级电流控制大功率的机电设备，如果超过此频率，因元件开关损耗显著增加，允许通过的平均电流相降低，此时，标称电流应降级使用。可控硅的优点很多，例如：以小功率控制大功率，功率放大倍数高达几十万倍；反应极快，在微秒级内开通、关断；无触点运行，无火花、无噪音；效率高，成本低等等。可控硅的弱点：静态及动态的过载能力较差；容易受干扰而误导通。可控硅从外形上分类主要有：螺栓形、平板形和平底形。１、可控硅元件的结构不管可控硅的外形如何，它们的管芯都是由Ｐ型硅和Ｎ型硅组成的四层Ｐ１Ｎ１Ｐ２Ｎ２结构。见图１。它有三个ＰＮ结（Ｊ１、Ｊ２、Ｊ３），从Ｊ１结构的Ｐ１层引出阳极Ａ，从Ｎ２层引出阴级Ｋ，从Ｐ２层引出控制极Ｇ，所以它是一种四层三端的半导体器件。２、工作原理可控硅是Ｐ１Ｎ１Ｐ２Ｎ２四层三端结构元件，共有三个ＰＮ结，分析原理时，可以把它看作由一个ＰＮＰ管和一个ＮＰＮ管所组成，其等效图解如图１所示图１、可控硅结构示意图和符号图当阳极Ａ加上正向电压时，ＢＧ１和ＢＧ２管均处于放大状态。此时，如果从控制极Ｇ输入一个正向触发信号，ＢＧ２便有基流ｉｂ２流过，经ＢＧ２放大，其集电极电流ｉｃ２＝β２ｉｂ２。因为ＢＧ２的集电极直接与ＢＧ１的基极相连，所以ｉｂ１＝ｉｃ２。此时，电流ｉｃ２再经ＢＧ１放大，于是ＢＧ１的集电极电流ｉｃ１＝β１ｉｂ１＝β１β２ｉｂ２。这个电流又流回到ＢＧ２的基极，表成正反馈，使ｉｂ２不断增大，如此正向馈循环的结果，两个管子的电流剧增，可控硅使饱和导通。由于ＢＧ１和ＢＧ２所构成的正反馈作用，所以一旦可控硅导通后，即使控制极Ｇ的电流消失了，可控硅仍然能够维持导通状态，由于触发信号只起触发作用，没有关断功能，所以这种可控硅是不可关断的。由于可控硅只有导通和关断两种工作状态，所以它具有开关特性，这种特性需要一定的条件才能转化，此条件见表１

有关交通灯中英文翻译资料

当今时代是一个自动化时代，交通灯控制等很多行业的设备都与计算机密切相关。因此，一个好的交通灯控制系统，将给道路拥挤、违章控制等方面给予技术革新。随着大规模集成电路及计算机技术的迅速发展，以及人工智能在控制技术方面的广泛运用，智能设备有了很大的发展，是现代科技发展的主流方向。本文介绍了一个智能交通灯系统的设计。该智能交通灯控制系统可以实现的功能有：对某市区的四个主要交通路口进行监控；各路口有固定的工作周期，并且在道路拥挤时中控中心能改变其周期；对路口违章的机动车能够即时拍照，并提取车牌号。在世界范围内，一个以微电子技术，计算机和通信技术为先导的，以信息技术和信息产业为中心的信息革命方兴未艾。而计算机技术怎样与实际应用更有效的结合并有效的发挥其作用是科学界最热门的话题，也是当今计算机应用中空前活跃的领域。本文主要从单片机的应用上来实现十字路口交通灯智能化的管理，用以控制过往车辆的正常运作。 The times is a automation times nowadays , traffic light waits for much the industry

equipment to go hand in hand with the computer under the control of. Therefore, a good traffic light controls system , will give road aspect such as being crowded , controlling against rules to give a technical improvement. With the fact that the large-scale integrated circuit and the computer art promptness develop, as well as artificial intelligence broad in the field of control technique applies, intelligence equipment has had very big development , the main current being that modern science and technology develops direction. The main body of a book is designed having introduced a intelligence traffic light systematically. The function being intelligence traffic light navar's turn to be able to come true has: The crossing carries out supervisory control on four main traffic of some downtown area; Every crossing has the fixed duty period , charges centre for being able to change it's period and in depending on a road when being crowded; The motor vehicle breaking rules and regulations to the crossing is able to take a photo immediately , abstracts and the vehicle shop sign. Within world range, one uses the microelectronics technology , the computer and the technology communicating by letter are a guide's , centering on IT and IT industry information revolution is in the ascendant. But, how, computer art applies more effective union and there is an effect's brought it's effect into play with reality is the most popular topic of conversation of scientific community , is also that computer applications is hit by the unparalleled active field nowadays. The main body of a book is applied up mainly from slicing machine's only realizing intellectualized administration of crossroads traffic light , use opera tion in controlling the vehicular traffic regularity.

BT152单向可控硅

GENERAL DESCRIPTION QUICK REFERENCE DATA Glass passivated thyristors in a plastic SYMBOL PARAMETER MAX.MAX.MAX.UNIT envelope,intended for use in applications requiring high BT152-400R 600R 800R bidirectional blocking voltage V DRM ,Repetitive peak off-state 450650800V capability and high thermal cycling V RRM voltages performance.Typical applications I T(AV)Average on-state current 131313A include motor control,industrial and I T(RMS)RMS on-state current 202020A domestic lighting,heating and static I TSM Non-repetitive peak on-state 200 200 200 A switching. current PINNING - TO220AB PIN CONFIGURATION SYMBOL LIMITING VALUES Limiting values in accordance with the Absolute Maximum System (IEC 134).SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN.MAX. UNIT -400R -600R -800R V DRM Repetitive peak off-state -45016501800 V voltages I T(AV)Average on-state current half sine wave; T mb ≤ 103 ?C -13 A I T(RMS)RMS on-state current all conduction angles -20A I TSM Non-repetitive peak half sine wave; T j = 25 ?C prior to on-state current surge t = 10 ms -200A t = 8.3 ms -220A I 2t I 2t for fusing t = 10 ms -200A 2s dI T /dt Repetitive rate of rise of I TM = 50 A; I G = 0.2 A;-200A/μs on-state current after dI G /dt = 0.2 A/μs triggering I GM Peak gate current -5A V GM Peak gate voltage -5V V RGM Peak reverse gate voltage -5V P GM Peak gate power -20W P G(AV)Average gate power over any 20 ms period -0.5W T stg Storage temperature -40150?C T j Operating junction -125 ?C temperature 1 Although not recommended, off-state voltages up to 800V may be applied without damage, but the thyristor may switch to the on-state. The rate of rise of current should not exceed 15 A/μs.

中文和英文简历和专业英语材料翻译

韶关学院期末考核报告科目：专业英语学生姓名：学号：同组人：院系：专业班级：考核时间：2012年10月9日—2012年11月1 日评阅教师：评分：

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 (1) 第2章中文摘要翻译英文 (3) 第3章中文简历和英文简历 (4) 第4章课程学习体会和建议 (6) 参考文献 (7)

第1章英文阅读材料翻译 Mechanization and Automation Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. The current developments of automatic processes are, however, different from the old ones. The “automation” of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries inasmuch as mechanization was applied to individual operations, wherea s “automation” is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit. And in many, though not all, instances the element of control is so great that whereas mechanization displaces muscle, “automation”displaces brain as well. The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is, however, not a sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “ transfer machines” , as they are now called, which may be as simple as a conveyor belt to another. An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulation; that is, it can regulate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment. Now people often talk about “feedback” as begin an essential factor of the new industrial techniques, upon which is base an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired condition can be detected, measured, reported and corrected. when “feedback” is applied to the process by which a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums, constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts which have been put to it, it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines. But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechanical conception. The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, two balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft. If the steam pressure rose and the engine started to go too fast, the increased speed of the spinning governor caused it to rise up the vertical rod and shut down a valve. This cut off some of the steam and thus the engine brought itself back to its proper speed. The mechanization, which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution, because it was limited to individual processes, required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another. Only in a few instances were processes automatically linked together and was production organized as a continuous flow. In general, however, although modern industry has been highly mechanized ever since the 1920s, the mechanized parts have not as a rule been linked together. Electric-light bulbs, bottles and the components of innumerable mass-produced

机械专业外文翻译(中英文翻译)

外文翻译英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost．Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so．Nowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)．The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’performance．An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits．For load sharing on multiple drives．torque and speed control are also important considerations in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliable．Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems covering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1．1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters．With a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive．Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors．With direct fu11-voltage starters．no control is provided for various conveyor loads and．depending on the ratio between fu11-and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load．The maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliable．However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；therefore．they are

英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)

例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ）译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no

精益生产方式简介(中英文翻译)

精益生产方式简介摘要：精益生产是一种起源于丰田和汽车制造的流水线制造方法论。也被称为“丰田生产系统”。精益生产的目标被描述为“在适当的时间（或第仪式间，the first time）使适当的东西到达适当的地点，同时使浪费最小化和适应变化”。创立了精益生产原则的大野耐一发现他的方法论不但可以减小浪费，还能够增进产品流动和提高质量。本文对精益生产进行了具体的分析，得出它的优越性，并把它与传统的生产方式进行比较，通过分析可以知道精益生产是解救困难企业的法宝。关键词：丰田汽车，精益生产，优越性，特点，企业一、丰田公司的精益生产方式精益生产（Lean Production，简称LP）是美国麻省理工学院数位国际汽车计划组织（IMVP）的专家对日本“丰田JIT（Justin Time）生产方式”的赞誉之称，精，即少而精，不投入多余的生产要素，只是在适当的时间生产必要数量的市场急需产品（或下道工序急需的产品）；益，即所有经营活动都要有益有效，具有经济性。精益生产是当前工业界最佳的一种生产组织体系和方式。精益生产是战后日本汽车工业遭到的“资源稀缺”和“多品种、少批量”的市场制约的产物，它是从丰田相佐诘开始，经丰田喜一郎及大野耐一等人的共同努力直到60年代才逐步完善而形成的。精益生产既是一种以最大限度地减少企业生产所占用的资源和降低企业管理和运营成本为主要目标的生产方式，同时它又是一种理念，一种文化。实施精益生产就是决心追求完美的历程，也是追求卓越的过程，它是支撑个人与企业生命的一种精神力量，也是在永无止境的学习过程中获得自我满足的一种境界。其目标是精益求精，尽善尽美，永无止境的追求七个零的终极目标。精益生产的实质是管理过程，包括人事组织管理的优化,大力精简中间管理层，进行组织扁平化改革，减少非直接生产人员；推进行生产均衡化同步化，实现零库存与柔性生产；推行全生产过程（包括整个供应链）的质量保证体系，实现零不良；减少和降低任何环节上的浪费，实现零浪费；最终实现拉动式准时化生产方式。精益生产的特点是消除一切浪费，追求精益求精和不断改善。去掉生产环节中一切无用的东西，每个工人及其岗位的安排原则是必须增值，撤除一切不增值的岗位。精简是它的核心，精简产品开发设计、生产、管理中一切不产生附加值的工作，旨在以最优品质、最低成本和最高效率对市场需求作出最迅速的响应。二、精益生产方式的优越性及其意义与大量生产方式相比，日本所采用的精益生产方式的优越性主要表现在以下几个方面： 1.所需人力资源——无论是在产品开发、生产系统，还是工厂的其他部门，与大量生产方式下的工厂相比，最低能减至1/2； 2.新产品开发周期——最低可减至l／2或2/3； 3.生产过程的在制品库存——最低可减至大量生产方式下一般水平的1／10； 4.工厂占用空间——最低可减至采用大量生产方式下的1/2； 5.成品库存——最低可减至大量生产方式下平均库存水平的1/4； 6.产品质量——可大幅度。精益生产方式是彻底地追求生产的合理性、高效性，能够灵活地生产适应各种需求的高质量产品的生产技术和管理技术，其基本原理和诸多方法，对制造业具有积极的意义。精益生产

BTA40,BTA41,BTB4-可控硅 中文自翻资料