如何提高八年级英语基础阅读

如何提高八年级英语基础阅读
如何提高八年级英语基础阅读

如何提高八年级英语基础阅读

八年级英语组

一、研究背景

随着新课程的改革,《英语课程标准》强调:朗读各种文体、英文诗词、报刊杂志、原著及各种商品说明书等非专业技术性资料并理解大意,找出或获取中心意思、作者意图、观点和态度的相关信息。根据情景、上下文、构词法、句子结构猜测生词或词组的意思,分析句子结构、理解句子,理顺事件发生的顺序、人物行为,预测事件情节发展和可能的结局,进而使学生培养良好的阅读习惯、阅读策略,形成阅读兴趣,最终提高阅读能力。由此可见,培养学生英语阅读能力的途径多种多样,提高学生阅读的积极性与兴趣意义重大。由此可见英语教学把学生语言的理解和运用能力放到了重要地位,阅读作为学生语言习得的一个重要手段,已经逐渐成为新教材标准的一个要素。

1.什么是基础阅读

初中基础阅读教学以培养学生的阅读能力为主要目标,学习和掌握课文内容所涉及的语言知识(词汇、句型、语法和习惯用法等),培养学生适应几类常见的基本语体、文体的阅读能力,以及了解课文内容所涉及的文化背景,进而在阅读方法、阅读速度、阅读技巧和阅读理解的准确度和深度(阅读欣赏)上得到提高。在此基础上还应达到一个间接目标和一个潜在目标,即磨练和开发学生智力中阅读思维加工能力;培养学生收集和处理信息、获取新知识、学会分析解决问题的能力以及交流协作的能力。

2.为什么要提高英语基础阅读的水平

(1) 基础阅读是获取信息的重要途径之一。

(2) 基础阅读是中学生学习英语最基本的手段之一

(3) 掌握基础阅读技巧是高效率阅读的基本保障

二、基础阅读和整个课堂教学的关系

随着课程改革的不断推进,英语教学越来越重视如何提高学生的阅读能力,而不再是简单的为考试而教。英语老师把目光从看一遍、讲解一遍、跟读一遍的传统教学模式转向英语语篇的整体教学。然而,在更重视语篇的整体教学之后,对语言知识的教学有所削弱,语言知识成了被遗忘的“角落”;进行语言知识的教学与培养阅读能力的课堂活动相抵触,担心对语言知识的教学会使阅读课的教学回到老路上。

在阅读教学中重视语言知识的教学、培养学生语言意识是很重要的。首先,阅读的作用不仅仅是为了获取信息,文中优美的文字、严密的逻辑也为阅读者、特别是语言学习者提供丰富的养分,对他们的听、说、写作的能力都有促进作用。其次,文章是由词汇、句子和句群组成的,不理解词汇和句式,而去谈理解文章显然是如建造空中楼阁。如何去教授语言知识有如下粗浅的感受:阅读课中语言知识的教学要以“文章话题”为线索,将知识点的教学融入到文章的整体教学中。

三、提高八年级英语基础阅读的策略

1、多媒体辅助直观呈现,包括图片、音像资料、影片等。

2、创设情境,师生互动、小组活动引入语言知识教学。教师要根据教材内容,巧妙引导。课堂上,师生多互动,让学生在教师创设的情境下自然地使用语言。

3 、free talk 引入语言知识教学。Free talk 也是导入的常见方式。对于一些拥有较为复杂的文化背景的文章,

4、课文复述。为了让学生更透彻地理解文章,巩固学生所学的知识点,老师可以要求学生对文章加以复述。

5、课后作业形式巩固语言知识的教学。如制作PPT课件。学生在制作的过程中自然会使用

到课文中的知识点,也就很自然地巩固了这些知识。

6 、鼓励课外阅读,保证学生每天的阅读量

7、注重学生能力的培养,重视教学过程

初中英语教师还需要认清阅读工作的本质是提升学生语言理解和交际的能力,而不是满足于学生会做阅读后的选择题,会做好阅读理解等方面。

8、区别对待不同层次的学生

要开展好初中英语阅读的教学工作,还需要根据学生的不同特点,不同层次来帮助他们选择好课外读物。

9、小组合作式学习是在新课改实行以后,为充分发挥学生主体地位而较为普遍采用的一种教学模式。其主要形式是以小组合作和小组共同探究学习为主,把不同层次的学生编为一个小组,在教师预设的教学目标的指引下,小组成员分工合作、相互帮助、共同努力,最终完成教师安排的教学任务。

10、在初中英语的教学中,阅读词汇教学是重点,也是难点。教学中,教师要在遵循认知规律的前提下,要不断的结合教学内容和学生实际,不断探索阅读词汇的教学策略,提高教学效率。

四、初二基础阅读教学取得成绩:

第一,八年级的同学们开始意识到英语基础阅读的重要性。

《初中英语课程标准》明确规定:初中英语教学要侧重培养学生的阅读能力。英语阅读能力的提高是英语口语交际能力和写作能力的基础,能够为以后的学习打下坚实的基础。学生阅读能力的培养也成为英语教学的重中之重。正如专家所说“得阅读者得中考”,阅读在中考中占有一半以上的分数。因此,八年级的基础阅读尤为重要。

第二,培养学生良好的阅读习惯。

针对学生在阅读中存在的突出问题,对学生进行良好阅读习惯的培养与科学的阅读方法的指导,并且通过各种形式的阅读训练,教会学生正确、实用的阅读方法,帮助学生消除不良阅读习惯,促进良好阅读方法的形成提高学生的阅读效果。“授人以鱼,莫如授人以渔。”

第三,通过多种题材的基础阅读材料和多种手段的教学方式,同学们对英语更加感兴趣。

“兴趣是最好的老师。”英语学习少不了兴趣的保障,英语阅读教学更需要兴趣的支持。因此,利用丰富多样的题材,不仅激发学生主动阅读的兴趣和积极性,而且可以了解英语国家文化、风土人情、背景知识等从而帮助学生开阔视野、增长见识,提高阅读能力。其次,采用现代化教学手段,发挥音频、视频等多种手段的功能为学生创设情境,将教学内容自然延伸到阅读文本的学习。有效地吸引学生的注意力,调节课堂上枯燥、乏味的气氛,从而激发学生阅读的兴趣。

第四、通过基础阅读能力的提高,使同学们的英语水平整体上得到提高。

如果说语言知识是一颗颗散落的珍珠,那么文章的主题就是一条金链,将它们串联在一起,这样就构成了文章。遵循这一规律,在英语阅读课教学中,将各个知识点的教学融入到文章整体教学中。就达到教授语言知识的目的,这就是语言知识的整体教学。而阅读理解恰恰把英语中的听、说、读、写技能训练结合起来,它与语言学习相辅相成、相互促进。因此,阅读理解的提高,可以使同学们的英语水平整体上得到提到。

五、八年级基础阅读教学存在问题:

1)学生对英语阅读的重视不足还是不够。在初中英语教学中,设定了教学目标,把重点和难点放在英语语法和词汇等方面,而忽略了英语阅读的重要性。在英语阅读教学课堂中,主要以传统的读译模式进行教学,学生处在了被动学习状态,思维也在一定程度上受到了教师的牵引和限制。

(2)教学方法不恰当。开展初中英语基础阅读教学工作时,认为阅读教学主要是让学生多读多译。同时,根据文章内容简单出一些阅读理解题给学生做,而题目的答案可以轻易地从文章找出。这样,不仅没有形成科学有效、能够被学生接受的教学方法,而且还会使学生缺乏对阅读内容的深入理解和思考,在具体实践时不能够灵活掌握和应用。此外,重视整体结构的理解和讲解,过分看重结果而忽略对阅读过程的指导,导致学生的阅读理解能力差。(3)学生缺乏阅读学习兴趣。学生在进行初中英语阅读学习时,由于存在错误的阅读方法导致理解困难,长时间下去,则会产生畏惧和厌倦心理。学生一旦遇到大篇幅的阅读文章时,就会失去学习的兴趣和耐心,导致阅读学习的能力不断下滑。

六、英语基础阅读教学问题的解决对策

1培养学生的阅读兴趣,提高学习的积极性。兴趣是学生学习的动力源泉,在初中英语阅读教学中,教师应该重视学生学习兴趣的培养,使学生能够端正学习态度,乐于接受教学,并主动进行学习。应该在英语课堂教学的基础上增加学生的课外阅读量,鼓励学生对比较经典或优美的短文进行收集,并在课堂上给予学生一部分时间进行分享,以便培养学生的兴趣,提高英语阅读的兴趣。

2创设情境,激发学生的自主学习能力。在初中英语阅读教学中,教师应该学习和借鉴先进的教学方法,适当创设情境,为学生提供一个良好的学习氛围,激发学生自主学习英语阅读的能力。当结束一个话题的学习时,学生能够基本掌握相关的语言结构和语法等,如果教师再及时拓展相关知识层面的内容,有助于培养学生好奇心和探索欲,减少课外阅读中遇到的困难和障碍,促进学生自主能动性的发挥。

3、教师要学会有效的取舍

在新课程标准中,为培养学生的综合语言运用能力,对每个级别的词汇学习都作了目标确定描述及词汇量的规定,强调学生要学会在真实的语言情境中用所学词汇去表达意义,传递信息与交流情感。在实际的教学中,对阅读词汇教学中的单词处理一直是一个探讨的难题,有的喜欢先上单词,后学课文,但有的有认为这样不行,必须把单词放在材料中教学更有效。有更是认为让学生自我处理单词,老师只要做出提示也可行。面对众多新单词,如何取舍也是一个难题。在初中英语的阅读词汇教学中,我们不可能面面俱到,有些词汇要重点讲,有些词汇要轻讲,有些则无须讲,有的词汇更是要引出相应的单词来配合学生记忆和理解。这就需要教师有一个充分的课前准备和教师对知识的把握程度,进而引导学生正确的取舍,分清学习的重点。

4 .重视课外阅读材料的补充教学教师应根据学生年龄特点、知识结构、认知能力,不同年龄的阅读速度、阅读量的要求,并结合学生的兴趣爱好、中西方文化差异等因素,收集和编辑贴近学生实际生活、具有时代特点、内容丰富的阅读材料,有针对性地进行补充教学。《英语课程标准》规定,初中阶段阅读的生词率不超过3%。常见的《英语辅导报》《学英语》《21世英语报》《学生双语报》等就比较适合学生,这些报纸有一些时事新闻、小故事、人物专访、每日一星等栏目,难度也较适中,便于学生阅读和培养英语阅读习惯。

5.合理利用课本阅读资源,提高学生阅读能力。

现行教材每个单元都安排了适当的、有一定代表意义的阅读材料,教师应充分利用这些材料,提高学生阅读理解能力。

6 传授语言知识与培养技能相结合,“精读”和“泛读”相结合。例如,在八年级仁爱教材中每个单元都有两篇或以上的语言阅读材料,一般各有侧重,目的各有差异。每个单元中的第一篇阅读材料应具有核心地位,该文的教学可接近“精读”。通过对它的深入学习,掌握有关语言知识,培养相关技能和能力;其他阅读材料可作有所侧重的“泛读”处理,其意义是在精读的基础上扩大阅读实践、增加语言感悟、内化语言知识、提高阅读技能、体验阅读乐趣等。

6 构建“教师启动,学生主动,师生互动”的基础阅读新模式。这个新模式旨在三导式的教学

模式指导下发挥学生的主体作用和教师的主导作用,以及发展师生之间平等合作、互动的关系。在阅读教学中,教师应该重视阅读过程,把阅读分为阅读前、阅读中和阅读后三个阶段。

7 加强语篇的教学。目前初中英语教材题材广泛,体裁多样,教师应引导学生从语篇角度出发,了解不同体裁的结构特征,培养学生的语篇分析能力。英语文章一般由三部分组成:篇首段、主体段和结尾段。篇首段往往起着统领全文、揭示主题的作用;主体段用来阐述文章主题;结尾段概括全文。整篇文章是一个有机的整体,围绕中心展开,有一定的逻辑关系。

④填表补充信息。

8加强对学生阅读策略的指导和培养。阅读策略是指对学习者阅读理解能力的提高有所帮助的策略。Mackey曾列出扫读、预测、猜词、利用语篇标志等19种阅读技巧和策略。在阅读教学中,教师应利用教材中不同体裁的阅读材料,采用不同的阅读策略,有效指导学生进行相应的阅读训练,比如略读、跳读、精读、研读,而不是一成不变地先听录音朗读,后回答问题。初中的阅读材料以叙事文章为主,可以通过指导学生进行略读、跳读,辅以适当的小组合作学习,理清文章中的时间、空间、事件发生的顺序与关系,再配以一些思考问题,组织学生讨论,引导其抓住主题。

保证阅读时间,培养阅读习惯

从七年级开始,教师就应该指导学生进行课外阅读。不仅为学生提供课外阅读的资料,还为其安排课外阅读时间。比如每节课留出几分钟让学生读英语课外书,布置英语作业时有意识地少布置笔头作业,而鼓励学生进行课外阅读等,使学生有时间读,有东西读。同时,每周安排1~2节自由阅读课,给学生提供更多的自主阅读的条件。

初一下英语基础训练

初一下英语基础训练(单选题) ()1. Look!Linda ________ under the tree. A. reads B. read C. is reading ()2. --- _________ do morning classes begin ? --- At 8:00 o’clock. A. Which B. What time C. How long ()3. --- __________ do you go to the library? --- Every week. A. How long B. How often C. How ()4. It’s cold. __________ take a jacket with you? A. Why not B. Would you like C. What about ()5. It is a good time ____________. A. fly kites B. to fly kites C. flying kites ()6. He is good at ___________ kung fu. A. perform B. performing C. performed ()7. Her son was born _________ December 10th, 1998. A. at B. in C. on ()8. --- Would you like to go for a picnic with us? --- _________, but I’m too busy. A. No, I can’t B. Yes, I’d love to. C. I’d like ()9. There’s ______ umbrella near the window. A. a B. an C. the ()10. --- Where ________ he live? --- He lives _______ the second floor. A. does, on B. do, on C. does, in ()11. ______ he _______ in Haikou 2 years ago? A. Do, live B. Does, lives C. did, live ()12. My birthday _______ January 21st. A. is B. was C. are ()13. She ________ see anything when she ______ five. A. can, is B. could, was C. couldn’t, was ()14. Macy _______ an English song to us last night. A. sang B. sing C. sings ()15. --- ________ does your father go to work? --- By car. A. What B. How C. Which ()16. --- ________ color do you like better, red or blue? --- I like blue better. A. Which B. What C. How ()17. Mr. Black often __________ a bus to the factory. A. by B. take C. on ()18. Thank you for ________ me about it. A. tell B. telling C. told ()19. What do you think ______ the hotel? A. at B. for C. of ()20. --- Do you like some bread or meat? --- __________.

初二英语下基本功练习题

初二英语下基本功练习题 Unit 1 写出下列单词。 课程又一的音乐会谁日程表明天后天工作日临时照顾邀请遗憾训练锻炼化学美国的美洲的作业比赛、竞赛整个的顺便来访空闲的 二写出下列句子 1 你能在周六来参加我的聚会吗? 2 当然可以。 3 那么你呢?抱歉,我必须帮助我的父母。 4 准备考试去看医生上钢琴课帮助我的父母 5 你能在周三参加我的聚会吗? 6 我必须去看医生。 7 Jeff 不能参加聚会。 8 抱歉,我正在踢足球。我必须上我的吉他课。我想要去看电影。我要去拜访我的姑姑。 9 你周六能去看电影吗? 10 这个周末,我有太多的家庭作业 11,太糟了!下一次吧! 12 谢谢你的邀请。 13 你能参加我的聚会吗? 14 我必须帮助我的父母。 15 她能去看电影吗?他正在踢足球。

16 他能参加棒球比赛吗?他必须学习 17他们能去音乐会吗?他们将要参加聚会。 18 这个周末你能去超市吗? 19周四下午你作什么? 20今天几号?周一,14号。 21你能和我打乒乓球吗? 22 谢谢你的邀请。 23 抱歉,这周我不能去拜访你。 24 我真得很忙,今天晚上我要参加我表弟的生日聚会。 25 明天,我必须去看牙医。 26周三我要和校队参加网球训练。 27周四,我必须准备化学考试。 28 周五晚上,我和一些朋友去看电影。 29 周五你能和我们去看电影吗? 30 多谢你的邀请。 31 您能在周三晚上顺便到我家里来讨论科学报告吗? 32 10点我有空。 Unit2 写出下列单词。

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