2015管理类联考MBA MPA MPAcc英语二真题及答案详解(华章提供)

MBA英语历年真题及答案详解

2001年MBA英语真题及答案 考生须知 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。 2001年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试 英语试题 Section I Vocabulary (10 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 1.The annual------of the department store starts tomorrow.

A stocking. B stocktaking C stockpiling. D stockholding. 2.Remember to ask for a ------of quality for these goods;otherwise they will not offer any maintenance. A warranty. B promise C certificate. D recejpt. 3.In many countries tobacco and medicine are government------. A control. B monopoly C business. D belongings. 4.Bank notes are not usually------into gold nowadays. A inverted. B revertible C convertible. D diverting. 5.I------you that the goods will be delivered next week.

2016年管理类联考考试大纲(综合能力和英语二)

2016年管理类联考考试大纲（综合能力和英语二） 2016年管理类联考综合能力大纲 考试性质 综合能力考试是为高等院校和科研院所招收管理类专业学位硕士研究生（主要包括MBA/MPA/MPAcc/MEM/MTA等专业联考）而设置的具有选拔性质的全国联考科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读专业学位所必需的基本素质、一般能力和培养潜能，评价的标准是高等学校本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以利于各高等院校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔，确保专业学位硕士研究生的招生质量。 考查目标 1、具有运用数学基础知识、基本方法分析和解决问题的能力。 2、具有较强的分析、推理、论证等逻辑思维能力。 3、具有较强的文字材料理解能力、分析能力以及书面表达能力。 考试形式和试卷结构 一、试卷满分及考试时问 试卷满分为200分，考试时间为180分钟。 二、答题方式

答题方式为闭卷、笔试。不允许使用计算器。 三、试卷内容与题型结构 数学基础 75分，有以下两种题型： 问题求解15小题，每小题3分，共45分 条件充分性判断 10小题，每小题3分，共30分 逻辑推理 30小题，每小题2分，共60分 写作 2小题，其中论证有效性分析30分，论说文35分，共65分 考查内容 一、数学基础 综合能力考试中的数学基础部分主要考查考生的运算能力、逻辑推理能力、空间想象能力和数据处理能力，通过问题求解和条件充分性判断两种形式来测试。 试题涉及的数学知识范围有： （一）算术 1．整数 （1）整数及其运算 （2）整除、公倍数、公约数

（3）奇数、偶数 （4）质数、合数 2.分数、小数、百分数 3.比与比例 4.数轴与绝对值 （二）代数 1．整式 （1）整式及其运算 （2）整式的因式与因式分解 2．分式及其运算 3．函数 （1）集合 （2）一元二次函数及其图像 （3）指数函数、对数函数（新增加考点）4．代数方程 （1）一元一次方程 （2）一元二次方程 （3）二元一次方程组 5．不等式 （1）不等式的性质 （2）均值不等式 （3）不等式求解

2017考研MBA管理类联考英语考试真题及答案

2017考研MBA管理类联考考试已经落下了帷幕，MBA小编第一时间为大家整理了 2017MBA管理类联考英语二解析，以供大家参考。 完形填空 答案： 1-5 CADAB 6-10 DCACC 11-15 CBADC 16-20 DABDB 英语阅读理解 Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 答案 21.A gained great popularity 22.B promote sport participation 23.C does not emphasize elitism 24.D invest in public sports facilities Text 2 With so much focus on children use of screens, it is easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “tech is designed to really suck you in ,”says jenny pedesky in her study of diital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement . it makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.” Pedesky has studied the use of mobile phone and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise stared 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer bnonverbal interaction with their children. During a separate observation she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at parents faces try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive-as they often are when absorbed in a device-it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Padesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist. Ed tronick in the 1970s. in it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to be a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says radesky.

MBAMPAMPAcc写作真题及答案解析

四、写作：第56-57小题，共65分，其中论证有效性分析30分，论说文15 分。 56.论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评述。（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准备并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。） 一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分。由于软实力是评判一个国家国际地位的要素之一，所以如何增强软实力就成了各国政府高度关注的重大问题。 其实，这一问题不难解决。既然一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分，那么，要增强软实力，只需搞好本国的文化建设并向世人展示就可以了。 文化有两个特性，一个是普同性，一个是特异性。所谓普同性，是指不同背景的文化具有相似的伦理道德和价值观念，如东方文化和西方文化都肯定善行，否定恶行;所谓特异性，是指不同背景的文化具有不同的思想意识和行为方式，如西方文化崇尚个人价值，东方文化固守集体意识，正因为文化具有普同性，所以一国文化就一定会被他国所接受；正因为文化具有特异性，所以一国文化就一定会被他国所关注。无论是接受还是关注，都体现了该国文化影响力的扩大，也即表明了该国软实

力的增强。 文艺作品当然也具有文化的本质属性。一篇小说、一出歌剧、一部电影等等，虽然一般以故事情节、人物形象、语言特色等艺术要素取胜，但在这些作品中，也往往肯定了一种生活方式，宣扬了一种价值观念。这种生活方式和价值观念不管是普同的还是特异的，都会被他国所接受或关注，都能产生文化影响力。由此可见，只要创作更多的具有本国文化特色的文艺作品，那么文化影响力的扩大就是毫无疑义的，而国家的软实力也必将同步增强。 57.论说文：根据下述材料，写一篇700字左右的论说文。题目自拟。 上世纪中叶，美国的波音和麦道两家公司几乎垄断了世界民用飞机的市场，欧洲的制造商深感忧虑。虽然欧洲各国之间的竞争也相当激烈，但还是采取了合作的途径，法国、德国、英国和西班牙等决定共同研制大型宽体飞机，于是“空中客车”便应运而生，面对新的市场竞争态势，波音公司和麦道公司于1977年一致决定组成新的波音公司，以此抗衡来自欧洲的挑战。 20XX年MBA/MPA/MPAcc 写作真题参考答案： 56.这次语文写作的两篇考题都不难，论证分析写作主要是从材料里找出若干缺陷加以论证反驳，根据阅卷标准，写出的缺陷占15分，结构表达、论证程度占 15分，本次论证分析的材料缺陷是明显的，从中找出四个缺陷并不难，题干的论证

2019年MBA考研英语(二)真题及答案

2019年MBA/MPA考研英语（二）真题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C]Otherwise [D] However 2. [A] helps [B]cares [C]warns [D] reduces 3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally 4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting 5. [A] modify [B] set [C]review [D] reach 6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction 7. [A] due to [B]regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with 8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate 9. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods 10. [A] instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed 11. [A] report [B] share [C] share [D] share 12. [A] depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for 13. [A] prepare [B]share [C]share [D] share 14. [A] results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests 15. [A] bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D] sick 16. [A] principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign 17. [A] request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish 18. [A] disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming 1

管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析

2014年管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for ,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. 1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured 2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part 9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward 10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless 11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste 12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay 13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant 14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency 15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored 16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

2016年考研管理类联考英语二真题.pdf

2016年考研管理类联考英语二真题

绝密★启用前 2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 管理类专业硕士联考 2016年管理类专硕联考英语(二)试题及详解 考生注意事项 1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则 2. 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类 型答题卡上的答案无效。 3. 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试 卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。 4 .交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考 生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence___1___firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.___2___, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking ___3___ for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the ___4___ and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would ___5___the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness ___6___by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. ___7___enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were ___8___.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities ___9___why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various ___10___that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was ___11___to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally ___12___even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors ___13___to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less ___14___managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”　The relationship was ___15___stronger in places where happiness was spread more ___16___.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. ___17___this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least ___18___at that possibilit y. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help ___19___how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and ___20___R&D m ore than the average,” said one researcher. 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion

MBAMPAMPACC管理类联考逻辑真题4.doc

2013年MBA MPA MPACC管理类联考逻 辑真题4 2013年MBA/MPA/MPACC管理类联考逻辑真题 26.某公司自去年初开始实施一项“办公用品节俭计划”，每位员工每月只能免费领用限量的纸笔等各类办公用品。年末统计发现，公司用于各类办公用品的支出较上年度下降了30%。在未实施计划的过去5年间，公司年均消耗办公用品10万元。公司总经理由此得出：该计划已经为公司节约了不少经费。 以下哪项如果为真，最能构成对总经理推论的质疑？ (A)另一家与该公司规模及其他基本情况均类似的公司，未实施类似的节俭计划。在过去的5年间办公用品消耗年均也为10万元。 (B)在过去的5年间，该公司大力推广无纸办公，并且取得很大成就。 (C)“办公用品节俭计划”是控制支出的重要手段，但说该计划为公司“一年内节约不少经费”，没有严谨的数据分析。 (D)另一家与该公司规模及其他基本情况均类似的公司，未实施类似的节俭计划，但在过去的5年间办公用品人均消耗额越来越低。 (E)去年，该公司在员工困难补助、交通津贴等方面的开支增加了3万元

27.公司经理：我们招聘人才时最看重的是综合素质和能力，而不是分数。人才******，高分低能者并不鲜见，我们显然不希望招到这样的“人才”。从你的成绩单******出，你的学业分数很高，因此我们有点怀疑你的能力和综合素质。 以下哪项和经理得出结论的方式最为类似？ (A)公司管理者并非都是聪明人，陈然不是公司管理者，所以陈然可能是聪明人。 (B)猫都爱吃鱼，没有猫患近视，所以吃鱼可以预防近视。 (C)人的一生中健康开心最重要，名利都是浮云，张立名利双收，所以******张立并不开心。 (D)有些歌手是演员，所有的演员都很富有，所以****** (E)闪光的物体并非都是金子，考古队挖到了闪闪发光的物体，所以考古队挖到的可能不是金子。 28.某省大力发展旅游产业，目前已经形成东湖、西岛、南山三个著名景点，没处景点都有二日游、三日游、四日游三种路线。李明、王刚、张波拟赴上述三地进行9日游，每个人都设计了各自的旅游计划。后来发现，每处景点他们三人都选择了不同的路线：李明赴东湖的计划天数与王刚赴西岛的计划天数相同，李明赴南山的计划是三日游，王刚赴南山的计划是四日游。 根据以上陈述，可以得出以下哪项？ (A)李明计划东湖二日游，王刚计划西岛二日游。

2017年管理类联考考试大纲(综合能力和英语二)

2017年管理类联考考试大纲（综 合能力和英语二） 2016年管理类联考考试大纲（综合能力和英语二） 2016年管理类联考综合能力大纲 考试性质 综合能力考试是为高等院校和科研院所招收管理类专业学位硕士研 究生（主要包括MBA/MPA/MPAcc/MEM/MTA 等专业联考）而设置的具有选拔性质的全国联考科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读专业学位所必需的基本素质、一般能力和培养潜能，评价的标准是高等学校本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以利于各高等院校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔，确保专业学位硕士研究生的招生质量。 考查目标 1、具有运用数学基础知识、基本方法分析和解决问题的能力。 2、具有较强的分析、推理、论证等逻辑思维能力。 3、具有较强的文字材料理解能力、分析能力以及书面表达能力。

考试形式和试卷结构 一、试卷满分及考试时问 试卷满分为200分，考试时间为180分钟。 二、答题方式 答题方式为闭卷、笔试。不允许使用计算器。 三、试卷内容与题型结构 数学基础75分，有以下两种题型： 1）问题求解15小题，每小题3分，共45分 2）条件充分性判断10小题，每小题3分，共30分 逻辑推理30小题，每小题2分，共60分 写作2小题，其中论证有效性分析30分，论说文35分，共65分 考查内容 一、数学基础 综合能力考试中的数学基础部分主要考查考生的运算能力、逻辑推理能力、空间想象能力和数据处理能力，通过问题求解和条件充分性判断两种形式来测试。 试题涉及的数学知识范围有： (一)算术 1.整数 (1)整数及其运算 (2)整除、公倍数、公约数 (3)奇数、偶数 (4)质数、合数 2.分数、小数、百分数 3.比与比例 4.数轴与绝对值

全国管理类联考英语二真题及答案

全国管理类联考英语二真题及答案 案 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation‘s cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver‘s license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a “walled garden”n cyberspace，with safe “neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem”in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。 Still，the administration‘s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license”mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1. A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2. A.for B.within C.while D.though 3. A.careless https://www.360docs.net/doc/6a18404907.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless 4. A.reason B.reminder https://www.360docs.net/doc/6a18404907.html,promise D.proposal 5. https://www.360docs.net/doc/6a18404907.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6. A.by B.into C.from D.over

2007年MBA、MPACC、MPA管理类联考中文写作解析及参考范文

2007年MBA联考中文写作解析及参考范文 论说文：根据下述材料，写一篇700字左右的论说文，题目自拟。 电影《南极的司各脱》描写英国探险家司各脱上校到南极探险的故事。司各脱历尽艰辛，终于到达南极，却在归途中不幸冻死了。在影片的开头，有人问司各脱：你为什么不能放弃探险的生涯?他回答：“留下第一个脚印的魅力。”司各脱为留下第一个脚印付出了生命的代价。 解析： 一、审题立意的方向 本题没有明显的关键词，反复读提干后，能发现文章立意的关键是褒扬司各脱的行为，还是贬司各脱的行为？ 二、写作思路 思路一：从褒的角度切入（最佳思路） 首先，司各脱是一名探险家，探险家这个词本身就包含了对风险、牺牲的正面肯定。另外文章还使用了“历尽艰难”、“不幸”等词语，表达了作者对司各脱的敬意和同情。 其次，“付出了生命代价”并不是完全的贬义，可以理解成是为了衬托他为理想而献身、用于争第一的精神的伟大和崇高。 再次，牺牲生命就是坏事吗？生命的意义究竟何在？“好死不如赖活着”真的就是真理吗？ 最后，对于企业来说“冻死”的确不是好的结果，但题干中并没有明确提出要“围绕企业管理和经营”，所以，不能局限于企业管理。 所以，我们对司各脱的行为还肯定、褒扬的好。 所以，在确定肯定和褒扬的价值取向后，最好的立意是： （1）敢为天下先 （2）要做就做第一 （3）敢于冒险、敢于创新 （4）为理想而奋斗 思路二：从贬的角度切入 首先，题干中已经明确提出：“却在归途中不幸冻死了”，尤其是最后的“付出了生命的代价”，从中可以看出作者的态度不是褒扬，而是理性的评价。 其次，与企业经营相结合来看，“冻死”、“付出生命的代价”显然不是企业经营的目的。对企业来说，生存下去，并且有所发展，才是最重要的。因此，MBA的论说文考试当中应该提倡理性，稳健的精神，这就是说，立意最好应该是对司各脱的批评。 基于以上理由，从贬的角度处出发，立意可以使： （1）不能一味追求“第一”；追求“第一”的代价； （2）企业决策应该量力而行；论企业经营稳健性原则； （3）做事要考虑周全，努力达到利益最大化