2011年6月大学英语六级完形填空真题及其效度分析
2011年6月大学英语六级完形填空效度分析
小组成员：李慧（12号）聂美红（17号）沈垭骅（20号）吴甜(25号)
PartⅤ Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Organized volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to __62__ to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate's resume, __63__ now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalize the achievements of students who __64__ time to activities outside their courses. Bristol Plus aims to boost students in an increasingly __65__ job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside __66__ qualifications.
"Our students are a pretty active bunch, but we found that they didn't __67__ appreciate the value of what they did __68__ the lecture hall," says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. "Employers are much more __69__ than they used to be. They used to look for __70__ and saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicant's skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are __71__ to the job."
Students who sign __72__ for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or __73__ work, attend four workshops on employ-ability skills, take part in an
intensive skills-related activity __74__, crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained. __75__ efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who __76__ best on the sports field can take the Sporting plus Award which fosters employer-friendly sports accomplishments.
The experience does not have to be __77__ organized. "We're not just interested in easily identifiable skills," says Goodman. “__78__, one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so __79__ negotiation skills. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives."
Goodman hopes the __80__ will enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and encourage their less-active __81__ to take up activities outside their academic area of work.
62. A) advisors B) specialists C) critics D) employers
63. A) which B) but C) unless D) since
64. A) divide B) devote C) deliver D) donate
65. A) harmonious B) competitive
C) Resourceful D) prosperous
66. A) artistic B) technical C) academic D) interactive
67. A) dominantly B) earnestly C) necessarily D) gracefully
68. A) outside B) along C) over D) through
69. A) generous B) considerate C) enlightening D) demanding
70. A) origin B) initial C) popularity D) potential
71. A) relevant B) responsive C) reluctant D) respective
72. A) out B) off C) away D) up
73. A) casual B) elective C) domestic D) voluntary
74. A) or B) thus C) so D) and
75. A) Occasional B) Exceptional C) Informative D) Relative
76. A) perform B) convey C) circulate D) formulate
77. A) roughly B) randomly C) formally D) fortunately
78. A) for instance B) In essence C) In contrast D) Of course
79. A) demonstrated B) determined C) operated D) involved
80. A) device B) section C) scheme D) distraction
81. A) attendants B) agents C) members D) peers
测试效度包括：construct validity; content validity; predicative validity; face validity; method validity.
construct validity: the score can show the CLA. 大学英语六级考试的完形填空题具有综合性的特点，它对考生的深度阅读能力，语法驾驭能力，词汇熟练程度等诸多方面进行了考查。 Lg competence includes grammar and text. From the cloze, students are required to master the basic grammar knowledge ( vocabulary 、syntactic competence ) and text knowledge (sentences inherence、rhetoric compentence and discourse structure). 因此有较高的构念效度。
Content validity: the content can show the testing goal. 这篇完形填空选自英国《卫报》文章《Bristol University launches volunteering award》. 这篇文章探讨了大学生课外实践的问题，内容非常贴近大学生的学习和生活。此题主要考查词汇辨析，逻辑关系和固定搭配三个方面，其中词汇辨析是考试的重点，出题量占75% 。
64和72题考查固定搭配，63、74、78题考查逻辑关系其他15题考查词汇辨析（此类题型也时常与语篇知识分析相结合）。由此可知内容效度高。
词汇辨析题：此套题目中注重考查核心词汇的辨析，尤其以动词、形容词、副词为考查的重中之重。考查的15道词汇辨析题中，其中76、79题考查动词的辨析，第62、70、80、81题考查名词的辨析，第65、66、69、71、73、75题考查形容词的辨析，第67、77题考查副词的辨析，第68考查介词的辨析。词汇辨析题大多还与语篇分析相关。
例如: Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are __71__ to the job.
71. A) relevant B) responsive C) reluctant D) respective
解析：四个选项都为形容词且形似。考生容易混淆各自的含义。Relevant 相关的，responsive响应的，回应的， relunctant勉强的， respective各自的，分别的。根据上下文的语境，此处表达的是（指employers）希望学生们能够解释为什么那些技能与工作是相关的，所以此处A是正确答案。
Usually it is left to __62__ to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate's resume…..
62. A) advisors B) specialists C) critics D) employers
解析: 此题为本完形填空的第二句话，所以单看此句话和四个选项是很难得出正确答案，所以要求考生能够结合上下文来解题。由于下文都是讲课外实践与就业的关系，而且只
提到employers与学校两方如何看待学生课外实践的问题，所以可以轻而易举的推断出此题正确答案为D。当然也可以“单词重现”的规律来答题，在69空出出现了employers。
逻辑关系题：这篇完形填空中考查了3道逻辑关系题。此类题目考生主要要学会“瞻前顾后”, 读懂句子前后的意思，甚至是段落的大意，才能做好题目。
Usually it is left to __62__ to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate's resume, __63__ now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalize the achievements of students who __64__ time to activities outside their courses.
63. A) which B) but C) unless D) since
这道题目中出现了3个逻辑关系词，所以考生应该清楚考查的是逻辑关系，所以要读懂前后的意思。在62空的前面已经出现了Usually而且在63空出现了now，所以前后的逻辑关系就一目了然---对比的关系，所以答案就应该为B。当然根据前后语篇的意义也能推断出答案。
64. A) divide B) devote C) deliver D) donate
这一题表面为区分四个动词，实为固定搭配题 devote time to sth/ doing sth Students who sign __72__ for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of
work experience or __73__ work,
72. A) out B) off C) away D) up
此题也同64题一样实际考查固定搭配 sign up for 报名参加。虽然A和B也能和sign 搭配但不符合语境。
Face validity：此完形填空有语篇语境考查综合能力，符合语言实际使用的情况，具有一定的真实性，表面效度高。
Method validity:本篇完形填空属于综合考点题型，测试考生综合运用语法和词汇的能力、逻辑思维的能力，有很好的回波效应，因此方法效度较高。
Predictive validity：由于完形填空考查学生的综合能力，如果学生能过取得高分，在一定程度上能够体现其较高的综合能力，当然此题型为特殊性，不排除学生的猜测因素和作弊因素。因此有一定的预测效度。
PS：李筱菊教授的考点效度
考点效度是专门针对完形填空和短文改错等一类综合考点技能试题类型提出的，主要包括考点因素和考点层次两方面的内容。考点因素可分为三个范畴：意义因素，惯用搭配和语法因素。考点层次的高低就是指决定用什么词填每个空缺的时候，需要考虑多广的上下文才能做出决定。也就是这个词的决定受什么层次的语境制约。起制约作用的语境层次可以分为四种。第一，单词层次。这是最低的层次。具体就是指光看单词，无需看单词之外的上下文，就能决定单词的选择；第二，词组层次。就是说需要填的词，和它前或后的词有固定的关系，只要看空缺前后的词便能决定该填什么；第三，句子层次。就是说空缺需要填什么词，本句之内就可以决定，不用超出句子的范围；第四，语篇层次。空缺填什么仅仅看本句难以决定，要超出句子从语篇语境的层次考虑。考点层次的高低与题目的效度有直接的关系。考点的层次越高，意味着考点的效度越高。完形填空试题中各个题目层次高低直接决定了整道试题的效度。
2011年6月六级完形填空考点层次分析
注释：W=Words单词层次P=phrase词组层词次D=discourse语篇层次，以上W、P、
S、D属于考点层次的内容。
M、C、G属于考点因素，可分为三个范畴：意义因素（M=meaning）,惯用搭配因素（C=collocation）,语法因素（G=grammar）
统计：D-8个S-10个P-2个W-0个
大学英语六级阅读历年真题训练unit10(A)
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.360docs.net/doc/7b4193208.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） Unit 10 Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向……透露) the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants,
20186月大学英语六级考试真题及答案及解析
2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 【参考范文】 Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University? It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this question, students’ ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow. In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be. In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best for us. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed. 【答案】A 【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。男士说到：如果他在二手书店发现了自己的书，他会认为这是种侮辱。因此选A。 2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value. C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement. 【答案】B 【解析】题目问男士的妻子认为他的书怎么样。男士说到：他最新的一本书是在2004年写的，当时在写的时候给他妻子看了一小部分。妻子认为他写的内容是垃圾。这表明他的妻子认为他写的书毫无价值。因此选B。 3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B) He writes several books simultaneously. C) He draws on his real-life experiences. D) He often turns to his wife for help. 【答案】A
2014年6月至2015年6月英语六级完形填空真题及答案【9套卷全】
For investors who desire low riskand guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment becausethese bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federalgovernment.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts andoften have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky. Two questionsoften_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have t o hold it until thematueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bondat a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by otherinvestors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above itsface value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)with current market interest rates. Asinterest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments，bonds have adegree of risk. The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bondissue?” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors S ervice rate the level of risk of many corporateand government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors willinvest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is highenough. A)advantages I)fluctuate B)assess J)indefinite C)bother K)insured D)conserved L)major E)deduction M)naturally F)discount N)potential G)embarrass 0)simultaneously H)features 36.A advantages 37.K insured 38. C bother 39. L major 40. H features 41. F discount 42. I fluctuate 43. B assess 44. M naturally 45. N potential 2014.6【2】 Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-tear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene （卫生）. One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of ___36___teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater___37___to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did. But were these reactions actually___38___into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two___39___ (five days and six weeks alter the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers（牙疾诊断片）that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct___40___of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more___41___changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects___42___to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more___43____than did those who saw low-fear warnings. However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given___44___guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isn’t done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the___45___of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur. A) accustomed B) carefully C) cautiously D) concrete E) credibility F) decayed G) desire H) dimensions I) eligible J) exposed K) indication L) occasions M) permanent N) sensitivity O) translated 36.F 37.G 38.O 39.L 40.K 41.D 42.J 43.B 44.I 45.E
英语六级考试阅读完形填空
大学英语六级阅读：2011年情人节祝福语 1. I can be myself when I am with you. 和你在一起的时候我才是真正的自己。 2. You and me together， we can make magic. 我们两个一起可以创造奇迹。 3. Your love gives me the feeling that the best is still ahead. 你的爱让我相信我们的未来会更好。 4. Your undying faith is what keeps the flame out of love alive. 你永恒的信任让我们的爱火永不熄灭。 5. Every time I look at you， my heart misses a beat. 每次看着你，我的心都会漏跳一拍。 6. You…re the one who holds the key to my heart. 只有你，握着开启我心门的钥匙。 7. You always say what I need to hear. 你的话总是那么悦耳动听。 8. You have taught me the true meaning of love. Love is， what you mean to me - and you mean everything. 你教会了我爱的意义。爱就是你在我心中的分量——而你，就是一切。 9. You are my theme for a dream. 你是我梦的主旋律。 10. I have had the time of my life and I owe it all to you. 我生命中的美好时光全都归功于你。 2011年6月份英语六级阅读：完美的情人节 情人节到了，在满是红玫瑰的海洋里面你是有了另一半还是孤单一个人呢怎么样在情人节里好好享受和伴侣的甜蜜时光，把握住任河机会“施展”自己的魅力原来也有科学依据的。科学家近日总结出了“科学引诱另一半”的诸条方法，仅供参考！这些科学方法花样繁多，有怎样正确地吸引伴侣的眼神、最科学的搭讪功夫，甚至还有最吸引人的名字等等，科学支招可以让你有一个完美的情人节哦！ Just in time for Valentine?s Day， scientists have come with a guide on the secrets of seduction. Their tips， which range from what to wear to catch a suitor?s eye， to the best chat-up lines and even the most attractive names， could make the difference between enjoying a romantic meal for two on Monday or a TV dinner for one.
2007年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案
2007年12月大学英语六级考试真题 Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. Like most people, I’ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people. I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned (示意) me back with his finger minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I’d been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon (勤杂工) plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked — cordially. I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others’ needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn’t g et the difference between server and servant. I’m now applying to graduated school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want, I think I’ll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them. 52. The author was disappointed to find that _______. [A] one’s position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligence [B] talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job [C] one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a person [D] professionals tend to look down upon manual workers 53. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph? [A] Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them. [B] People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded. [C] Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances. [D] Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all. 54. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19? [A] She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professional. [B] She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon. [C] She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her. [D] She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior. 55. What does the author imply by saying “…many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant”(Lines 3-4, Para.7)? [A] Those who cater to others’ needs are destined to be looked down upon.
大学英语四六级考试 完型填空(cloze)专项训练
完型填空模拟练习 Exercise 1 The man who brings my milk used to knock for his money for the week’s milk while I was eating breakfast on Saturday morning. 1lately he has been arriving before I get up. Staff 2mean that four men are sharing five rounds. So he has to start 3. Delivering milk to people’s homes is scarcely good business, especially when the consumer may have a choice of two or three firms 4 a single road. 5my local difficulties, however, labor troubles are not as acute as a few years ago. There are enough men prepared to make an early morning stake 6an open-air job 7 a fair measure of freedom. 8 they did stop calling, women should find 9hard work to collect all the milk they need 10self-service stores. Dairies 11that stopping deliveries in the United States resulted in falling sales. Marketing ideas have included introducing extra lines, 12dairy products, 13 the milkmen can carry to increase turnover. Already they have taken over many rounds given up by bakeries. One dairyman said: ―It won’t be long 14the milkman delivers more bread than milk.‖ Some milkmen deliver potatoes, 15it seems as though diversification will be limited only 16the size of the vans. So the milkman is likely to remain a familiar 17, and the dairy products he sells 18 change very much in this decade. Flavored milk is popular on the Continent. In Britain those who like it buy plain milk and add their own flavoring.19the returnable bottle continues to be used. As long as it has a reasonable life-----30 to 40 trips are usual-----the cost of collection and cleaning is 20. 1. A) Soon B) Just C) After D) When 2. A) storage B) lack C) short D) shortages 3. A) early B) earliest C) earlier D) more early 4. A) serving B) deserving C) reserving D) preserving 5. A) In spite of B) in case of C) Because of D) With 6. A) for the reason of B) for the sake of C) in order for D) as for 7. A) with B) for C) in D) to 8. A) If B) Though C) As D) Because 9. A) that B) it C) this D) X 10. A) from B) for C) into D) through 11. A) noticed B) are aware C) get to know D) understand 12. A) except for B) for example C) in addition to D) such as 13. A) for which B) in which C) of which D) which 14. A) that B) when C) after D) before 15. A) and B) for C)so D) however 16. A) for B) by C) in D) with 17. A) figure B) number C) staff D) rate 18. A) are unlikely to B) are likely to C) are surely to D) are likely not to 19. A) So B) For C) Even D) As
2011年6月大学英语六级阅读考试真题及答案_完美打印版
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios: It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far. Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations. 47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________. 48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________. 49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution. 50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________. 51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________. Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is