山东科技大学岩石学2014--2019年考研真题
一、名词解释（每题3分，共30分）。
1、沉积分异作用；
2、反应边结构；
3、岩盆；
4、变质结晶作用；
5、流纹构造；
6、花岗结构；
7、糜棱结构；
8、波痕；
9、基底胶结；
10、鲕粒。
二、简答题（每题10分，共80分）。
1、对比分析压扁层理与透镜状层理的异同。
2、简述毛细管浓缩白云化作用。
3、简述变质作用的主要方式。
4、简述鲕粒的成因。
5、简述如何判断岩浆岩中矿物的生成顺序。
6、简述火山碎屑岩中碎屑物质的类型及主要特点。
7、简述母岩风化产物的类型及其特征。
8、简述交错层理的类型和特征。
三、论述题（每题20分，共40分）。
1、列举5种能够指示层位顶底关系的沉积构造类型，并论述它们的形成环境及形成过程。
2、论述超基性岩、基性岩、中性岩、酸性岩中矿物的分布及组合关系。
2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析
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北大考研真题
04-08北京大学岩石学考研真题 北京大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：岩石学 招生专业：矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 时间：2004.1.11下午 一、名词解释（30分，每题5分） 1.风化作用 2.沉积相 3.麻粒岩 4.变质反应 5.鲍温反应序列 6.斑状结构和斑状变晶结构 二、简述题（60分，每题15分） 1.岩浆岩矿物成分特征及其对岩浆岩分类的意义。 2.泥质系列变质岩随变质作用温度和压力的条件的变化其矿物成分、结 构构造及岩石类型的变化。 3.白云岩的成因。 4.玄武质岩石的分类及其地质意义 三、论述题（60分，任选3题，每题20分） 1.碳酸盐岩的特征及其分类。 2.岩浆岩多样性的原因。 3.变质相和变质相系的概念及其地质意义。 4.沉积盆地的演化及其与油气田形成的关系。 5.陆源碎屑岩的形成过 程。
北京大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：岩石学 招生专业：矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 时间：2005.1.23下午 一、名词解释（30分，每题5分） 1.粘土岩 2.层理 3.榴辉岩 4.接触变质作用 5.杏仁构造 6.结晶分异作用 二、简述题（60分，每题15分） 1.沉积成岩作用。 2.玄武质岩浆的成因及其地质意义。 3.碳酸岩盐的特征。 4.变质相系的概念及其地质意义。 三、论述题（60分，任选3道，每题20分） 1.砂岩的主要特征及分类。 2.火山岩与侵入岩的异同。 3.变质岩的矿物成分特征及其对变质岩分类的意义。 4.花岗岩的分类与地质意义。
考试科目：岩石学 招生专业：矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 时间：2006.1.15下午 一、名词解释（60分，每题5分） 1.沉积相 2.浊积岩 3.粘土岩 4.蓝片岩 5.麻粒岩相 6.鲍温反应序列 7.超基性岩 8.辉绿岩与辉长岩 9.糜棱岩10.火山 碎屑岩11.斑状结构和斑状变晶结构 12.变质作用的PTt轨迹 二、简述题（90分，每题15分） 1.岩浆岩多样性的原因。 2.变质相系的概念及其地质意义。 3.陆源碎屑岩的形成过程。 4.花岗质岩石的分类及其地质意义。 5.碳酸岩盐的特征与分类。 6.变质岩与岩浆岩的异同。
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2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured 2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
高级岩浆岩石学复习题 答案
一、岩浆岩的成因 1．岩浆岩成因包括哪两个基本过程？什么是原生岩浆和演（进）化岩浆？什么是部分熔融？固体地幔与地壳发生部分熔融产生原生岩浆的基本原因是什么？ 岩浆岩成因包括岩浆的起源与演化。 岩浆的起源：在合适的温压条件下地壳或上地幔发生部分熔融，产生原生岩浆的作用过程。 岩浆的演化：就是原生岩浆通过各种作用派生为多种多样进化岩浆及岩浆岩的过程。 其中主要发生了分异作用，岩浆混合作用和同化混染作用。 原生岩浆：是由地幔或地壳岩石经熔融或部分熔融作用形成的成分未发生变异的岩浆 进化岩浆：经分异作用产生的派生岩浆又可成为进化岩浆 导致固体地幔/地壳发生部分熔融的基本原因 （1）地温异常：由于软流圈上隆、地幔柱上升、或板块俯冲引起地温异常，超过源岩的固相线温度（即起始熔融温度）。 （2）挥发份的加入：由于挥发份的加入使源岩的固相线温度降低。三种体系。 （3）压力改变：由于地幔对流、拆沉、去根作用或大断裂诱发的减压熔融；在某些情况下，增压也可以引起部分熔融，增压熔融。 2．控制原生岩浆类型与成分的主要因素有哪些？ （1）源岩及源区的性质和组成； （2）起源温度与熔融程度； （3）起源压力与深度； （4）挥发份的类型及含量 3．岩浆的三大源区指的是什么？这些不同源区分别能产生哪些岩浆？ （1）地幔岩浆：各类玄武岩浆（碱性玄武岩浆、拉斑玄武岩浆），金伯利岩浆、碳酸岩浆。 （2）陆壳岩浆：花岗岩类岩浆 （3）俯冲洋壳：埃达克岩浆、钙碱性或岛弧拉斑质岩石组合（玄武岩——玄武安山岩——安山岩——英安岩——流纹岩） 4．解释相图中以下名词：固相线温度与固相线矿物，液相线温度与液相线矿物，熔融
2014年考研英语二真题及答案(大师兄英语版)
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have1that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an4of good health. Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined 6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13BMI. Today we have a(an)14to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes15in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes16with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.17very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign20childhood obesi-ty,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat. 1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured 2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome 3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore 4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example 5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern 6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of 7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies 8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part 9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward 10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless 11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste 12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay 13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant 14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency 15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored 16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated
岩石学课后思考题全解
答案不全，望请大家用红色补充答案 思考题 第一章： 1、什么叫矿物？什么叫造岩矿物? 矿物：就是岩石的基本组成单元，它是天然产出的，具有一定化学成分和内部结构的无机固体物质， 造岩矿物： 2、地壳中的造岩元素通常是指哪8种元素？含量最高的是元素是什么元素？ O、Si、Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、Na、K。含量最高的：O 3、常见主要造岩矿物有那些?肉眼如何鉴别? 石英：柱状晶型；高硬度；无解理；断口具有油脂光泽等 钾长石：常见肉红色；卡式双晶；两组完全解理夹角90度；硬度高等 斜长石：常见白色或灰白色；常具有聚片双晶；两组完全解理不正交；硬度高等 普通角闪石：常见浅、深绿色或黑色；长柱状；两组解理夹角近56度；断口近菱形等 普通辉石：常见黑绿色或黑色；短柱状或粒状；两组解理夹角近90度，硬度高等 橄榄石：常见橄榄绿色；粒状；常见贝壳状断口；硬度高等 黑云母：常见黑色、褐黑色、绿黑色；片状；极完全解理；薄片具弹性等 白云母：常见无色；片状；极完全解理；薄片具弹性等 方解石：常见白色；菱形体解理；硬度3；遇冷稀盐酸剧烈起泡等 白云石：常见白色或灰白色；菱形解理；晶面常完全呈马鞍形；块体遇冷稀盐酸不起泡，但其粉末遇冷稀盐酸起泡等 4、什么叫岩石?什么叫岩石学? 岩石是由矿物或类似矿物的物质组成的固体集合体
岩石学是地质学领域的一门重要的分支学科，是研究地壳、地幔及其他星体产出的岩石分布、产状、成分、结构、构造、分类、命名、成因及演化等方面的科学。 5、野外如何区分三大岩(岩浆岩、沉积岩和变质岩)? 6、如何理解岩浆岩、沉积岩和变质岩之间互相转化关系?（比较多，挑自己喜欢的背哈）
2014年考研英语二大小作文真题及答案解析
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Whataccounts for this disparity? The answer involves two factors. The firstcontributing factor is the substantially fast developing steps of cities inChina. No one can deny that since Chinese economic reform from 1980s whichmostly benefits people in city. The second reason is that Chinese farmers enjoythe harvest from new policies that are established to benefit farmers. Peoplein rural areas are allowed to migrate for work and residence by the law and anincreasing number of farmers choose to work in city and become migrant workersjust because they would make much more money than ever before in city. Allthese are the result of urbanization。 Basedon the analyses above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the process ofurbanization will continue in the years ahead, and every single Chinese benefitsfrom the fast development of China。 英语二小作文 Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to 1) tell him about your living habits, and 2) ask for advice about living there。 首先，注意试题要求，一定要在首段告知写信目的后，在第二段给出自己的生活习惯，尾段一定按着题目要求向对方请求一些建议，否则会被认为是没有涵盖所有信息点，会被扣分。 其次，第二段写自己的生活习惯时，不宜写的太过极端和个性，否则你的信件会让目标读者反感，因此起不到大纲要求的“对目标读者产生预期效果”，也会被无情扣掉很多分。
沉积岩石学考题及答案
勘资 2000沉积岩石学试卷(A)答案 一、名词解释(每小题2分，共计20分) l.沉积岩是在地壳表层常温、常压条件下，由母岩风化产物、火山物质、有机质及少量宇宙物质，经过搬运、沉积及沉积后成岩作用所形成的一类岩石。 2.母岩是地壳表层的先存岩石，能够为沉积岩的形成提供物质来源。 3.底形在河床或水槽中，流水沿着河床上非粘性沉积物(如砂、粉砂)的床面上流动时，在沉积物表面所铸造的几何形态就称之为底形。 4.平行层理外貌上与水平层理极为相似，它们的区别在于平行层理主要产出于砂岩中，是在较强的水动力条件下形成的，具平行层理的砂岩沿层面剥开，在剥开面上可见到剥离线理。一般出现在急流及能量高的沉积环境中，如河道、湖岸、海滩等环境中，常与大型交错层共生。 5.启动流速流水把处于静止状态的碎屑物质开始搬运走所需要的流速叫做启动流速或开始搬运流速 6.重力流这是一种高密度流体，这种流体是在自身重力作用下沿斜坡发生流动。 7.鲕粒是具有核心和同心层结构的球状颗粒(2-0.25mm)，很象鱼子(即鲕)，故得名。常见的鲕粒为粗砂级(1-0.5mm)，大于2mm和小于0.25mm的鲕粒较少见。粒径超过2mm者称豆粒 8.波痕指数波痕长度与波痕的高度之比。 9.杂基是指与碎屑颗粒同时以机械方式沉积在颗粒间的细小碎屑物质，粒度 <0.03mm，成份主要是粘土矿物及少量石英、长石。 10.粘土有两层含义，一是指粒度小于0.005mm的碎屑，二是指蒙脱石、伊利石、 高岭石等层状铝硅酸盐矿物。 二、简答题(每题6分，共计 30分) l . 简述水流流速、颗粒大小与碎屑物质在流水中搬运与沉积的关系。 答案要点:①碎屑颗粒的启动流速与继续搬运流速不同；②不同粒径颗粒启动流速与继续搬运流速及其差值;③不同粒径颗粒搬运与沉积特点、搬运难易程度不同。 2.简述陆源颗粒大小与颗粒成分的关系。 答案要点: ①砾级颗粒主要为岩屑；②砂级颗粒成分主要为石英、长石；③粉砂级颗粒成分主要为石英、长石、云母；④泥级颗粒成分主要为粘土矿物及云母。 3.简述长石砂岩特征及成因。 答案要点: ①长石砂岩特征(颗粒成分、填隙物成分、胶结类型、沉积构造、重矿物等); ②长石砂岩成因(母岩条件、风化条件、大地构造、改造历史、沉积环境)。 4 .简述白云岩形成的回流渗透作用。 一种机制是在潮上地带(由毛细管浓缩作用)形成的高镁粒间盐水，当对表层沉积物的白云化基本完成后，多余的高镁盐水在地表就无“用武之地”了，它必然会向下回流。一个原因是高镁盐水的相对密度较大，当在地表无出路时，在本身重力以及风暴的潮水涌到潮上带而施加的压力下，便会向下回流渗透。当高镁盐水穿过下面的碳酸钙沉积物或石灰岩时，就会使它们白云化从而形成白云岩或部分白云化的石灰岩。 另一种机制是在蒸发泻湖里重的超盐度卤水由于石膏先沉积而引起镁离子富集，并沿着湖底向下渗透并向海方向流去，一直到达可能是由文石和高镁方解石组成的渗透带。这种卤水可以透过这些沉积物，并给白云化作用提供镁离子来源，同时还带走置换出来的钙离子。 概念题 1．沉积岩：是在地壳表层条件下,由母岩的风化产物、火山物质、有机物质、宇宙物质等沉积岩的原始物质成分经搬运、沉积及沉积后作用形成的岩石。
2014考研英语二答案及解析
2014考研英语二答案及解析
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied（否认）与意义相反，doubled（翻倍）与题意较远，ensured（确保）不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。 2、【答案】A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。 3、【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A 选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore 表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地；也，而且。因此正确答案为C。 4、【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观；C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。
矿物岩石学试题及答案2
矿物岩石学上网试题及答案B（红字体为答案） 一名词解释（共20分，每小题4分） 1 对称型：全部对称要素的组合。 2 解理：矿物受力后沿着某一固定方向破裂成光滑平面的性质。 3 岩石的结构：组成岩石的矿物结晶程度、粒度大小、形态以及他们之间的相互关系所呈现的形貌特征。 4 正变质岩和副变质岩： 正变质岩：由岩浆岩变质形成的岩石； 副变质岩：由沉积岩变质形成的岩石； 5 重结晶作用：在一定温度下的固态条件下，原岩中的细小颗粒重新结晶长成较大晶体同种矿物的过程，叫重结晶作用。 二简答题（共20分，每小题4分） 1什么是晶体？晶体与非晶体有何本质区别？ 晶体又被称为结晶质，指具有空间格子构造的固体。或者说，内部质点在三维空间呈周期性重复排列的固态物质。 与非晶的区别：晶体具有空间格子构造，非晶不具备。 2为什么变质岩中的斜长石很少出现环带结构？ 斜长石的环带构造一般是岩浆岩在结晶过程中，斜长石结晶时岩浆不断存在成分的变化，或者说晶体周围有持续的岩浆补给，使得斜长石出现由中心到边缘成分成不同的变化的环带。 变质岩的变质过程一般是在固态条件下进行，所以，斜长石变质没有外来组分的参与，一般不能形成还带结构。 3用以下几组数据确定侵入火成岩的名称： （1）暗色矿物 40%（单斜辉石 25%、紫苏辉石 10%、黑云母 5%），斜长石 60%。 苏长辉长岩 （2）暗色矿物 98%（橄榄石 65%、透辉石 20%、顽火辉石 13%），尖晶石 2%。 二辉橄榄岩 4、简述岩浆岩的块状构造和斑杂状构造成因？ 块状构造岩石一般为全晶质结构，矿物结晶粒度、颜色、成分无明显的差异性变化，反映的是岩浆在相对稳定、缓慢降温条件下结晶的特点。
2017年山东科技大学研究生入学考试211翻译硕士英语考研真题
Part I Reading Comprehension(2*2.5=50 points) Derections: There are five passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statemens. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice. Passage 1 What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose land system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity. Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would presumably be well respected, because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities.) Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would
2014考研英语二真题
2014年考研英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) 2.[A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 3.[A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 4.[A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 5.[A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern 6.[A] in terms of[B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 7.[A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 8.[A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part 9.[A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward
10.[A] so [B] while [C] since [D] unless 11.[A] shape[B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste 12.[A] start [B] qualify [C] retire [D] stay 13.[A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal[D] constant 14.[A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency 15.[A] employed[B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored 16.[A] compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated 17.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only 18.[A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded 19.[A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies 20.[A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each tex t by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 poi nts) Text 1 What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton. These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others. This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason