自考英语二复习精要
英语二复习精要
UNIT 1
1、word study
objective,accompany,argue,define
错误！未找到引用源。objective
a.错误！未找到引用源。客观的，真实的。错误！未找到引用源。如实的，无偏见的。 We have to accept the objective reality as it is.
我们必须接受客观事实。
The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgement. 文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。
n.目标，目的。
People work hard to carry out the economic objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.
人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作。
My objective for the present is to pass the oral exam.
我目前的目标是通过口试。
错误！未找到引用源。accompany
vt./vi.1、伴随，陪同；2、为。。。伴奏
The singer was accompanied on the piano by his pupil.
演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏。
The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog.
这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴。
All orders must be accompanied with cash.
所有的订货单必须随附现金。
错误！未找到引用源。argue
vt./vi.争辩，争论，辩论
作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with,about或over，for（赞成）或against（反对）。
She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.
她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。
He often argues philosophy with James.
他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。
He argued for immediate action.
他主张立即行动。
They argued against such a policy.
他们反对这种政策。
vt.1、说服；2、用辩论说服
argue into（out of）doing sth.. 说服某人做（不做）某事。
I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.
我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。
He argued that man was descended from apes.
他论证人类的祖先是猿。
错误！未找到引用源。define
vt.1、解释，给。。。下定义；2、限定，规定。
Work is defined as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force.
功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积。
He has defined his position on the issues.
他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场。
2、常考句型
1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。P1
A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.
2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。P2
Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.
3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。P3
If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.
4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。P3
For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.
5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。P4
For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.
6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的---哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。P6
Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best—that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.
7、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。P6
In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.
8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。P7
Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .
3、习题
1.单词英译汉
goal, objective, accomplish, predict, accompany, implement, tendency, achievement, argue, budget, define, entity,
2.词组英译汉
in the way, in part, point of view, contribute to, to apply for, in hand, to turn down
3.句子英译汉
与常考句型相同。
4.Text A 汉译英
决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。
Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.
有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。
Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision.
没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。
If there is no proper choice, there is no proper decision.
不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。
Different people have different ideas about the same problem; their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different.
决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。
Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company.
Decision makers are usually key people who determine the company's business development.
4、历年试题
1. Almost everything a manager does_______ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that t he management process is decision making . (99.4)。
答案是involves . 考点: involve 为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。
2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _______(make). (99.4)
答案是to be made 。考点：to be made 是动词不定式作定语修饰decision.
3. If you are now_____your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of yo ur life after the age of 60. (99.4)
A. in
B. at
C. between
D. among
答案是 A.
4. Almost everything a manager does_____decisions; indeed, some suggest that the managemen t process is decision making. (00.4)
A. imposes
B. improvise
C. involves
D. indicates
答案为C .
5. When______(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems.
答案为presented . 考点：present 是过去分词作状语。
6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_____(make) today may have conseque nces far into the future.
答案是made . 考点：make 是过去分词作定语，修饰decision .
7. 汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。
答案：Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be.
1. 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标。
答：The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals.
2. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。
答：The decision-making process is fundamental to business management.
3. 经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。
答：Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making.
4. 虽然我们不能预见未来，但应当尽量减少偶然性发生。
答：Although we cannot predict the future, we must try t leave as little as possible to c hance.
5. 不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同。
答：Different manager define the same problem in different terms.
UNIT 2
1、word study
exert,collapse,lauch,operate
错误！未找到引用源。exert
vt.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）
He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.
他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。
He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.
他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。
These principles exerted great influence upon the course of the revolution.
这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响。
错误！未找到引用源。collapse
n.1、倒塌，崩溃，瓦解；2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下
The storm caused the collapse of the wooden shelter.
暴风雨使这个避风雨的木棚倒塌了。
He suffered from a nervous collapse.
他的精神崩溃了。
The collapse of the government left the country in confusion.
政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中。
vi.倒塌，崩溃
The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.
屋顶被雪压塌了。
The negotiations collapsed after several meetings.
会谈了几次之后，谈判破裂了。
In the last weeks of the war she collapsed from long imprisonment.
在战争的最后几个星期里她的身体因长期监禁而垮掉了。
错误！未找到引用源。lauch
vt 1、发射，投射；2、使（船）下水
The satellite was launched in a rocket.
这颗卫星是由火箭发射的。
The hunter launched a spear at the wolf.
猎人把矛向狼掷去。
A new ship has been successfully launched.
一条新船已成功地下水。
vt ./vi.发动，发起（运动等）
launch out into 开始，着手进行
Our army launched an attack on the enemy.
我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻。
The police launched an investigation into the case.
警察对此案开展了调查。
The research group launched out into a series of new experiment.
研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验。
错误！未找到引用源。operate
vi. 1、运转，起作用；2、动手术（on,upon）
The elevator operates smoothly.
电梯运行顺利。
The medicine gradually operated.
药物逐渐奏效了。
The doctor operated on the neck of the patient.
医生给病人的颈部动手术。
vt.1、操作，操纵，经营；2、对。。。动手术
This airline operates five main lines and dozens of branch lines.
这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线。
Do you know how to operate the machine?
你知道怎么开这台机器吗？
The doctor operated the patient on the neck.
医生给病人的颈部动手术。
He was operated on for lung cancer.
他因肺癌动了手术。
2、常考句型
1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱。P1 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.
2、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。P2
The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.
3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。P2
Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.
4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。P3
If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.
5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。P3
It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为
人类服务。P5
On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.
3、习题
Unit 2 练习：
1.词汇英译汉：
escape, explode, collapse, shrink, gravity, measurement, basis, launch, convincing, companion,
speculation, swallow, operate, to make use of, a great many, above all
2.句子英译汉：
1) ~6) 与常考句型相同。
7) There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a
very rapid rate.
8) They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they
question our most basic experience of space and time.
3 句子汉译英
黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。
Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is.
据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。
It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars .
对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。
The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless.
科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。
Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.
It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole.
如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。
If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful .
Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them.
单元课后练习
Ⅰ.Word Spelling
1.密度n. density _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃v. collapse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3.边界线，边界n. boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4.永恒的，经久不变的a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5.基础，根据n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6.发射，发动v.l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7.双胞胎之一a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8.同伴，同事n.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9.人类n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10.推测，猜测n.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11.吞v.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12.不充分的a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13.物质n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14.情况，环境 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15.发生，出现v.o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
16.强烈的a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
17.证据n.e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
18.看不见的a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19.宇航员n.a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
20.热带的a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Ⅱ.Word Form
1.Supernovae____(report) by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
2.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still____(have) the same mass, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.
3.If one____(make) a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.
4.And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars____(believe) to be black holes.
5.Matter from the one which we can see____(pull) towards the companion star.
6.There might be a massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy____(swallow) up stars at a very rapid rate.
7.The most____(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.
8.They show us a world which operates in a ____(total) different way from our own.
9.The surface of some areas____(consist) largely of high mountains and deep valleys.
10.Our world is the home of a very great many different people-peoples with different____(colour) skins.
Ⅲ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)____which matter has fallen and____which nothing can escape-not even light.
[A] into into
[B] into from
[C] from into
[D] from from
2.This process of shrinking may be so intense____a black hole results.
[A] whether
[B] what
[C] which
[D] that
3.Binary stars,____their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.
[A] as
[B] that
[C] what
[D] if
4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a 'partner' to____which we can see in the sky.
[A] the one
[B] that
[C] the ones
[D] those
5.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day____the
energy of black holes for mankind.
[A] make fun of
[B] make sure of
[C] make use of
[D] make sense of
6.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as____.
[A] companies
[B] comparisons
[C] compounds
[D] companions
7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in____round the sun.
[A] track
[B] orbit
[C] tour
[D] route
8.In August 1977, a satellite was____to gather data about the black holes in the Milky way.
[A] posted
[B] delivered
[C] launched
[D] transmitted
9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are____here.
[A] inadequate
[B] invisible
[C] intense
[D] individual
10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary, But____,matter must behave very differently inside the hole.
[A] in addition
[B] in person
[C] in detail
[D] in theory
Ⅳ.C-E Translation
1.这个收缩的过程如此强烈，以至于黑洞产生了。
2.直到最近天文学家们才开始研究黑洞。
3.但是从理论上说，物质在黑洞里的行为一定非常不同。
4.黑洞最强有力的证据来自对双星系的研究。
5.有一天也许人类也会遭此命运。
单元自测答案Unit 2
Ⅰ.Word Spelling
1.density
2.collapse
3.boundary
4.constant
5.basis
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7217578707.html,unch
7.twin https://www.360docs.net/doc/7217578707.html,panion 9.mankind
10.speculation 11.swallow 12.inadequate
13.matter 14.circumstance 15.occur
16.intense 17.evidence 18.invisible
19.astronaut 20.tropical
Ⅱ.Word Form
1.were reported
2.having
3.made
4.believed
5.is being pulled
6.swallowing
7.convincing 8.totally 9.consists
10.coloured
Ⅲ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.A
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.C
9.A 10.D
Ⅳ.C-E Translation
1.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.
2.It is only recently/It is not until recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
3.But in theory, matter must behave very differently/in a very different manner inside the black hole.
4.The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.
5.Mankind may one day meet this fate.
4、历年试题
1. 星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸。
答：The star will explode when its density increases to some extent.
2. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？
答：Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is ?
3. 假如有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。
答：If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quic kly.
4. 早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道。
答：Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century.
5. 他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。
答：He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.
UNIT 3
1、word study
request,ensure,oppose,burden,open up
错误！未找到引用源。request
n./vt.请求，要求
request后面接for，表示要求的对象；“根据要求”为by(或on) request；“应。。。之要求”则为at sb’s request。
He made a request for immediate help.
他要求立即给予帮助。
Minibuses stop by request.
小公共汽车招手即停。
Instructions will be sent immediately on(upon) request.
说明将按要求立即寄出。
The singer gave one more song at our request.
歌唱家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌。
Your silence is requested.
请勿说话。
错误！未找到引用源。ensure
vt.保证，担保
ensure后面接against或from，表示“保证。。。免于。。。”；后面接to或for，则表示“保证。。。具有。。。”。
We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.
我们可以保证把工作做好。
The police can ensure the witness against (或from) danger.
警察能保证证人免受危险。
This measure ensure to (或for) us a voice in the matter.
这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权。
错误！未找到引用源。oppose
vt.1、反对，反抗；2、使相对，使对抗（to）
Many people opposed building a new highway because of the great cost.
由于代价过于高昂，许多人都反对修一条新公路。
To the difficulties she opposed a will of iron.
她用钢铁般的意志对待困难。
What he said was totally opposed to the facts.
他说的与事实完全相反。
We are firmly opposed to this dirty political deal.
我们坚决反对这场肮脏的政治交易。
错误！未找到引用源。burden
n.1、担子，负担；2、责任，义务
She bore the whole burden of raising two children.
她一个人负起抚养两个孩子的全部责任。
The burden of running the factory is too heavy for his failing health.
管理这家工厂的重担对他日益恶化的健康来说是太重了。
vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累
The mother was burden with worries.
妈妈忧心忡忡。
Students are heavily burdened with home assignments.
学生家庭作业负担过重。
错误！未找到引用源。open up
1、打开；
2、开办，开辟，开发；
3、坦诚地或无拘无束地谈话
They opened up his stomach to get at the source of the trouble.
他们给他的胃开了刀，以找出病根。
They opened up a mine in the remote areas.
他们在那个偏远地区开了矿。
They decided to open up a business in the town.
他们决定在城里开一家店。
The girl decided to open up and tell us everything.
这个女孩决定坦诚地告诉我们一切。
2、常考句型
1、范万德尔重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧恶化。P2
Affected with a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，去年在荷兰电视上首次播出。P3
Van Wendel’s last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.
3、从那时开始，已有20多个国家买下了这个节目，每次播放都引起了对这一话题的全国性大辩论。P3
The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
4、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利。P9
What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven’t the right. 3、习题
1.词汇英译汉
. weaken . deteriorate .debate . legal. request . criterion . ensure . oppose tradition consideration disabled . burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive
词组：. to debate on . to make request for be opposed to . to take … into account
2.句子英译汉（重点句）
Affected with a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
Van Wendel’s last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.
The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven’t the right.
The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering , that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia .
I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.
3.句子汉译英P.59
安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。
Euthanasia can really help rid the dying patients of extreme suffering .
Euthanasia does release the dying people from their suffering .
你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家?
Do you know that the Netherlands is the only country in Europe that permits euthanasia ?
支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。
Those doctors who support the idea never mean they don’t care about / for patients .
在第一个医生诊断疾病之后，必须由另外一名医生确认病情。
After the first doctor has diagnosed the illness , a second doctor must confirm the case .
反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命，可能请求之后另有他求。
Opponents think patients may not really want to end their lives, and probably there is another request behind the request .
4、历年试题
1. The film ______（show）Cees Van Wendel’s death was both moving and sensitive. （99.10）
答案：showing . 考点：showing 是现在分词作定语修饰the film .
2. Each time the programmer of Van Wendal’s last days before euthanasia was showed on TV, it starts a nationwide debate ______ the subject. （99.10）
A. for
B. against
C. on
D. of
答案：C . 考点：词组debate on 对… 的争论。
3. 汉译英：每次播放这个节目，都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论。（99.10）
答案：Each time it is shown , this program starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
4. 汉译英：据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。（00.10）
答案：The patient is said to have asked the doctor to help him die.
（或者：It is said that the patient has asked the doctor to help him die .）
UNIT 4
1、word study
exploit,campaign,execute,deserve,status,bring over
错误！未找到引用源。exploit
vt.1、开发，开采；2、利用；3、剥削
A mine is exploited for its minertals.
开发矿山是为了采矿。
The student exploits every possibility to learn English.
这个学生利用一切可能性学英语。
The company exploited its workers with long hours and low pay.
该公司用长工时、低工资的方法来剥削工人。
错误！未找到引用源。campaign
n.1、战役；2、运动，参选运动
The Huai-Hai Campaign was essential to the victory of the War of Liberation.
淮海战役对解放战争的胜利至关重要。
Our country is launching a campaign against waste.
我们国家正在开展反浪费运动。
His presidential campaign succeeded and he won the election.
总统竞选运动取得成功，他当选了。
vi.参加运动，参加竞选活动
They were campaigning to keep the local school open.
他们为使当地学校不致关闭而奔走活动。
The candidates for president campaigned by sending out letters to voters and speaking at public
meeting.
总统候选人通过向选民发信和群众集会上讲演来竞选。
vt.使。。。参加运动；对。。。进行活动
Joan is campaigning the government for equal rights for women.
琼对政府进行活动，要求给予妇女同等权利。
错误！未找到引用源。execute
vt.1、实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2、将。。。处死
All orders were immediately executed.
所有的命令都立即执行了。
Your order will be executed as early as possible.
你的命令将尽早执行。
The pianist executed the piece of music perfectly.
这位钢琴家把这首曲子演奏得完美极了。
The criminal was executed after the trial.
审判后罪犯即被处死。
错误！未找到引用源。deserve
vt.应受，值得（宾语可用名词，动词或动词不定式）
He certainly deserves praise.
他的确应受表扬。
Our band deserves ranking with the best in this country.
我们的乐队在国内当之无愧属于一流。
He deserves to be sent to prison.
他应该被送去坐牢。
由deserve变成的形容词deserving后边用介词of。
The robber is deserving of capital punishment.
这个强盗应处极刑。
The old man was really deserving of pity.
那个老人家实在值得可怜。
错误！未找到引用源。status
n.1、情形，状况；2、地位，身份
We should be always aware of the status of world affairs.
我们应该时刻关注世界形势。
None will question his status as a scholar.
没有人会怀疑他的学者身份。
We should raise the status of women in society.
我们应该提高妇女的社会地位。
错误！未找到引用源。bring over
1、把。。。带来；
2、使转变
Next summer he hopes to bring his family over from the united states. 他希望明年夏天把家属从美国带来。
My father is always trying to bring me over to his way of thinking.
我的父亲总想使我接受他的思想方法。
2、重点句型
1、据估计，有20000多海外来的家庭佣人在英国工作。P1
There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. There be 表"存在"的句型。
2、在这20000人中，将近2000人正受着她们的雇主的剥削和虐待。P1
Of these 20,000, just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.
3、在今年早些时候的几个广为报道的事例中，全世界女佣的悲惨处境得到新闻媒体的很大关注。P3
The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.
4、一名菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪而在新加坡遭处决，尽管各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不能充分确定。P3
A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.
5、她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份十分微薄的工资。P5
She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.
6、因为她发现很难养活自己的4个孩子，所以接受了一件在伦敦当佣人的工作。P5 Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.
7、因此如果她们提出申诉，她们就有被驱逐出境的危险。
So if they do complain, they risk being deported.
3、习题
1.单词英译汉
domestic，statistic，diplomat，exploit，campaign，execute，convict，
despite，deserving，shelf，minimum，status，deport，
2.句子英译汉
（1）There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.
（2）Of these 20,000 , just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.
（3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.
（4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.
（5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.
（6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.
（7）So if they do complain , they risk being deported.
（8）This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18, getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet, getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions, and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job (of which the employees should see a copy).
（9）For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions is that they do not have independent immigrant status and so cannot change employer.
（10）It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.
3.句子汉译英
（1）处理有关事务的政府部门没有做统计。
The government department that deals with relevant affairs does not keep statistics.
（2）正因为她无法养家才同意做家仆。
It was because she found it difficult to feed her family that she accepted a job working as a domestic.
（3）她是一名沙特外交官直接从菲律宾雇到伦敦来工作的。
She was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London .
（4）家仆的工作状况得到了新闻媒介的关注。
The conditions of working as domestics have received media attention .
（5）雇主们总是威胁要把我们遣送回国。
The employers always threatened to send us back to our countries.
4、历年试题
1. When they get out of prison, they ____(increase) the level of their criminal beh avior.
答案：will increase . 考点：时间状语从句中主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句谓语动词是get 一般现在时，所以从句用will increase 。
2.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measure to help____domes tic workers from abuse by their employers.
A. protect
B. suspect
C. expect
D. inspect
答案是：A . 考点是：protect … from 保护… 免受 …
3. ________their differences, they fell passionately in love with each other.
A. As for
B. Owing to
C. Despite
D. Through
答案：C . 考点：despite 表示让步的关系。本句的意思是：尽管他们之间有分歧，但他们彼此深爱对方。
Translation
1. 许多家庭佣人受到雇主的剥削和虐待。
答：Many domestic servants are exploited and abused by their employers.
2. 自去年以来，女佣们的悲惨境况已受到媒体密切关注。
答：The bad condition of the woman servants has received much media attention since last year.
3. 他经常威胁我，说要将我遣送回国。
答： He always threatened that he would send me back to my country.
4. 她曾在一家茶叶厂工作，工资很低。
答： She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory.
5. 据估计有两万多名外国家佣在英国工作。
答： It is estimated that there are more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants wor king in Britain.
UNIT 5
1、word study
transformation,originate,penetrating,take over,take on
错误！未找到引用源。transformation
n.1、变化，转化；2、改造，改革
His brain operation caused a great transformation in his character.
脑手术大大改变了他的性格。
The transformation of a backward country into an advanced country requires the painstaking efforts of several generations.
将一个落后的国家改变为发达国家需要几代人的艰苦努力。
The social and political transformation of a country is essential to the development of the society. 一个国家的社会和政治改革对社会的发展非常重要。
错误！未找到引用源。originate
vi./vt.发源；发生，发起
All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。
The use of steam originated many other reforms.
蒸汽的使用引起了许多其它的革新。
错误！未找到引用源。penetrating
a.1、穿透的，贯穿的；2、深刻的，透彻的
They walked against the penetrating wind.
他们迎着刺骨的寒风行走。
Her penetrating voice frightened the little boy.
她刺耳的嗓子把小男孩吓坏了。
Swift’s works were most penetrating and powerful.
斯威夫特的作品极为深刻有力。
错误！未找到引用源。take over
1、接管，接任；
2、把。。。从一处运到另一处
The young doctor has taken over duties of the old.
年轻医生已接替了老医生的工作。
When Mr.Green retired, his son took over the business from him.
格林先生退休后，由他儿子接管他的生意。
Mr.Brown took me over to the island in his steamboat.
布朗先生用他的汽艇把我送到该岛。
错误！未找到引用源。take on
1、具有，担任（工作等）；
2、雇佣
The disease took on some special characteristics.
那种疾病具有一些特殊的特征。
He has taken on a new job.
他已承担了一项新工作。
The employer takes on twenty more workers.
那位雇主又雇佣了20名工人。
2、重点句型
1、新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的。P1
The new music was built out of materials already in existence.
2、民间音乐，既有古老又有现代的，在大学生中颇为流行。P1
Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students.
3、他们自由地吸收爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分。P2
They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music.
4、在家里欣赏唱片的时候，听众尽力模仿照明效果。P4
With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.
3、习题
（一）单词、词组英译汉
musician rhythmic distinct consciousness originate readily instrument electronic thereby passive participant
to take place to take over to take on in a sense
at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of
（二）英译汉
1.The new music was built out of materials already in existence.
2.Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students.
3.They freely took over elements form jazz, from American country music.
4.With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.
5.In a sense, men of this kind begin not so much with a musical theme as with a completed composition.
6.Most composers since Beethoven's day belong to this second type.
7.Men like Palestrina and Bach belong in this category.
（三）汉译英
这一章是关于热能转化成动力的。
The chapter is about the transformation of heat into power.
一群人自发地聚集在事故现场。
A group of people got together spontaneously at the scene of the accident.
这次争吵是由误会引起的。
The quarrel originated from a misunderstanding.
1949年后，军队接管了这个城市。
The army took over this city after 1949.
为了你的健康，你不应该承担太繁重的工作。
For your health,you should avoid taking on too much work.
4、历年试题
1. In the process of composition , it isn’t easy to be inspired in a spontaneous w ay for long periods______a stretch..
A. at
B. for
C. over
D. in
答案是a 。 考点：词组at a stretch 一口气，连续不断的
2.汉译英 新音乐是由业已存在的材料构建出来的。
答案：The new music was built out of material already in existence.
3. 汉译英：那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐。
答案：It was folk music that was popular among college students at that time.
4. 汉译英：不用说我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。
答案： It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society.
1. 新音乐起源于布鲁斯、摇滚乐和民间音乐。
答： The new music originated from blues, rock and roll and folk music.
2. 民间音乐表现和平、友谊和希望。
答： Folk music expresses peace, friendship and hope.
3. 他们已不再是被动的听众而是积极的参与者。
答： Instead of passive audience, they have become active participants.
4. 他们自由地从不同的音乐来源中吸取元素。
答： They freely took over elements form diverse music sources.
5. 新音乐采取多种形式，几乎具有无限的表现力。
答：The new music may take on various forms and be capable of expressing an almost limitless range.
UNIT 6
1、word study
spray,cast,expose,switch,critical
错误！未找到引用源。spray
n.1、水花，浪花；2、喷雾，喷雾状物
The spray of the waterfall is very beautiful.
瀑布的水花飞溅，非常漂亮。
A spray of bullets hit the tree behind which he was hiding.
一阵喷射的子弹打中了他藏身其后的那棵树。
vt.喷，向。。。喷射，喷涂
Fruit trees are sprayed regularly.
果树应定期喷上杀虫剂。
The students sprayed questions at the teacher.
学生们连珠炮似的向老师提出一个又一个问题。
错误！未找到引用源。cast
vt.1、投，扔，抛，掷（at）；2、投射（光，影，视线等）（on,at）；3、浇铸，铸造
The boy cast a stone at the dog.
那个男孩向那条狗扔了块石头。
His words cast a new light on the problem.
他的话题使人们对这个问题有了新的认识。
The robot can cast steel after being reprogrammed.
在重新设定程序之后，机器人能浇铸钢材。
n.1、投，掷；2、模具；3、演员（阵容）
The Beijing Theatre of People’s Art has a very strong cast.
北京人民艺术剧院有很强大的演员阵容。
错误！未找到引用源。expose
vt.1、使暴露，使面临；2、揭露，揭发
The works were exposed to all kinds of weather.
工人们经受风吹雨打。
We should be aware of the dangers of exposing children to violence on TV.
我们应当意识到儿童接触有关暴力电视节目的危害。
He has been widely exposed to the public on the television.
他经常在电视上向公众露面。
The mistakes of the past must be exposed without any reserve.
对以前的错误一定要毫无保留地揭发。
错误！未找到引用源。switch
n.1、开关，转换器；2、（思路、话题等的）转换
It is two-way switch.
这是个双向开关。
He has made a switch of support from one political party to another.
他已从支持一个政党转而支持另一个政党。
vi.1、转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2、接通。。。电流（on），切断。。。电流（off）
We switched the discussion to another topic.
我们换了一个讨论题目。
Entering the room, he switched the light on.
一进房间，他就把灯打开了。
vt.转换，变换（switch(over)to）
He switched (over) to medicine and graduated in 1980.
他改学医科，于1980年毕业。
错误！未找到引用源。critical
a.1、批评（性）的，批评（性）的；2、对。。。表示谴责，对。。。感到不满的（of）；3、紧要的，关键性的，危急的
He is a man with a critical eye.
他是一个具有批判眼光的人。
It takes years to develop one’s critical ability.
培养评论能力要很长时间。
The old man was critical of the boy’s impolite behaviour.
那个老人不满意男孩的不礼貌行为。
The patient’s condition is critical.
病人情况危急。
2、重点句型
1、目前多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按编制的程序承担轿车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。P2
Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.
2、机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用的程度低一些。P3
Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. 现在分词短语作定语
3、在核电站使用的机器人处理放射性材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。P3
The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.
4、机器人于自动化机器不同之处在于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程序去完成另一项任务。P4
Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.
5、在微电子和计算机技术上有专长的工程人员正研制机器人的人工视觉。P5
Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.
6、机器人有了“看”的能力便能在一堆不同类物体中辨别和检查出某一特定类物体。P5 With the ability to "see", robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. to "see"：不定式作后置定语
7、任何想要了解未来工业的人必须要了解机器人。P7
Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.
自考英语二历年试题真题及答案
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
4月自考英语二试题及答案知识讲解
2014年4月自考英语二00015试题及答案 第一部分：阅读判断（10*1分） Running: sport or way of life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there’s nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortabl e clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you d on’t need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But d on’t be fool ed into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscl es. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you d on’t get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more cl early. How d o you get engaged in the sport if you d on’t know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simpl e Internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you’ll see peopl e cheering for all the runners. Running isn’t always about how fast you are running or how far you’re going. It’s about getting out there and d oing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent. It you’re looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you. 1.You may find it interesting to go for a run. A.True B. False C. Not Given 2.The sport of running is easy. A.True B. False C. Not Given 3.It’s hard to find a safe environment for running.
自考英语二复习资料汇总总结
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