军考大纲解读——军校考试大纲[最新版]英语考点144：祈使句(二)

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由"let"带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种：

(1)表示“建议”。

这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语。

如：

Let me try.

Let's do it.

Let me go and look for it.

这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较以下a和b句:

a. Don't disturb him.

b. Let's not disturb him.

(a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。

(2)表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。张为臻博客

这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词。

如：

Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.

Let her join our choir.

(3)表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。

这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺。

如：

Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.

Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.

B、否定的祈使句

句型：·Let‘s(us，me)+not +动词原形～.

·Don’t let +第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形.

Let's not say anything about it.

对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。

Don't let them play with fire.

别让他们玩火。

C、用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：

(1)如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."(见例(c));如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let......not" (见例(d))：

c. Don't let this type of things happen again.

d. It's rainingnow. Let's not go out until after the rain.

(2)"Let"只适用于现在时，可以有被动语态

(the passive voice)。

如：

Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.

Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.

(3)"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词

(The infinitive without"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out,in,down,alone 等：

Let the puppy out.

Open the windows and let the fresh air in.

The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.

Let me alone,please.

(4)用"Let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时，并不包括对方。

如：

e. Let's try it,shall we?

f. Let us do it by ourselves,will you?

从(e)里的"shall we"和(f)里的"will you"，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。

句型转换

A、祈使句与陈述句的改写

(1)祈使句=You must …(陈述句)

Come here .过来。=You must come here.你必须过来。

(2)Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ～?(陈述句)

Please help me .请帮帮我。

=Will you (please) help me你愿意帮我的忙吗?

Come here on time,please .请准时到这儿。

=Will you (please) come here on time请你准时到好吗?

(3)含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句

Let‘s say good-bye here.我们在此道别吧。

Don't let him do that again.别让他再那么做了..

B、祈使句与条件句

祈使句有时相当一个“if”引导的条件状语从句。

祈使句：Use your head and you'll find a way.

条件句：If you use your head，you'll find a way.

C、祈使句的反意疑问句形式

(1)Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议，简短问句的主语用we表示，问句用 shall we或 shan't we。

如：

Let's have a cup of tea,shall we (shan't we)

(2)Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求，

问句用 will you或 won't you.

Let me have a rest,will you (won't you )

注意

回答Let's～的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let''s.

否定时用NO，let''s not.

(3)其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句，使语气变得客气一些. 如：

Have a rest,will you.

Stand up,will (won't) you.