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对于复合从句，要首先找出从属连词并确定主句，接着按照简单句的分析方法，梳理各分句的结构和意义，然后确定各从句的性质，也就是明确每个从句在句中分别修饰哪些词语或结构，最后综合整体考虑全句大意。如：In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

在这个句子中，首先确定连词whereas(而)表示对比，确定主句并找出主干结构，也就是the process of industrialization—was spread over nearly a century，破折号中间的短语是附加成分，修饰主语中心词process，其中social patterns后面that followed是一个定语从句。

复合句类型：

1、But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past,today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.

【分析】复合句。逗号前面是省略了主语和系动词的when引导的时间状语从句，补充完整的形式为...when today's social indices viewed against...;逗号后面是主句。

【译文】尤其如果将当下的社会指数放在美国动荡的历史环境中来看，

会发现这些指数很难说明一种黑暗而恶化的社会环境。

【点拨】1)turbulent“动荡的，混乱的”。2)indice“指数，指标”。

2、t is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.

【分析】复合句。句子主干为the playgoers bring in much of the town's revenue，其中使用了it is...that/who...强调句型，强调主语the playgoers。the RSC contends为插入语，because引导原因状语从句，现在分词短语pouring cash into...作伴随状语。

【译文】RSC声称是这些年来看戏的人给斯特拉特福德镇带来了绝大部分的收入，因为他们需要在此过夜(有些人会在此逗留四五个晚上)，因此也就会给当地的旅馆和酒店带来大笔的收入。

多重复合句类型：

1、And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathawa's Cottage,Shakespeare's birthplace and the other sights.

【分析】多重复合句。句子主干部分是there be句型。who引导的定语从句修饰the townsfolk，该从句中又嵌套一个who引导的定语从句，修饰the tourists，其中使用了not...but...“不是...而是...”句型。Shakespeare's birthplace是Anne Hathawa's Cottage的同位语。

【译文】另一个是埃文镇的人民，他们的生活却更多地依赖于那些游客——他们是来这里旅游观光，探访莎士比亚出生地安妮·哈索尔村舍及其他景点的，而不是来看戏的。

【点拨】live off“靠...生活”。

2、It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare,who earns

their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.

【分析】多重复合句。该句可分为四个层次，第一层是句子主干It's all deliciously ironic;第二层是when引导的时间状语从句when...noise-making;第三层是宾语从句Shakespeare...was himself an actor(with a beard)and did...，其中又包含一个由who引导的定语从句来修饰先行词Shakespeare。

【译文】然而更具愉悦性讽刺意味的是，这些村民所耐以为生的莎士比亚同样是个大胡子演员，同样制造噪音。

并列复合句

.多个并列句构成的长句

这是一种相对简单的情况，我们首先要做的就是找到并列连词(and,so, but,or,etc)，然后将长句分解成多个分句，理清各分句的内部结构和句意，然后再综合考虑全句，即可明了整句话想表达的意思。如：In the1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.需要注意的是，这种类型的句子中常出现省略现象，比如在本例中，第二个并列句即had前面就省去了and he。

1、The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don't usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.

【分析】并列复合句。and连接的两个并列分句。and前面是个复合句，里面包含一个who引导的定语从句，破折号中间内容是对定语从句的补充。and后面的句子是个简单句。

【译文】游客坐着巴士来到这里——大都去参观沿途的沃里克城堡和布伦海姆宫——一般不去看那些戏剧，有些游客甚至对在斯特拉特福德镇上还有个剧院大感意外。

【点拨】take in常用意为“接受，吸收，接纳;理解，领会;欺骗;包括”等，本句中意思不常见，是“顺便进入，顺便拜访”的意思。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

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