标题_2018-2019学年高中新三维一轮复习英语江苏专版：提分专练(八)

提分专练（八）

Ⅰ.完形填空

(2018·南京高三模拟)We've all done it. Run upstairs to get your keys, but __1__ what you're looking for once you get to the bedroom.Open the fridge door and __2__ the middle shelf, only to realize that we can't remember why we opened the fridge __3__. Or wait for a moment to interrupt a friend to find that the __4__ issue that made us want to interrupt has now __5__ from our minds just as we come to speak: “What did I want to say？”We ask a(n) __6__ audience, who all think “how should we know”．

__7__ these errors can be embarrassing, they are also __8__. It's known as the “Doorway Effect”，and it reveals some important __9__ of how our minds are organized. Understanding this might help us appreciate those temporary __10__ of forgetfulness as more than just a(n) __11__ (although they will still be annoying)．

As we move __12__ our days, our attention shifts between these __13__ —from our goals and ambitions, to plans and strategies, and to the lowest levels, our concrete actions. When things are going __14__，often in familiar situations, we keep our attention on what we want and how we do it seems to take care of itself. If you're a skilled driver, then you manage the gears, indicators and wheels __15__，and your attention is probably __16__ the less routine business of navigating the traffic or __17__ to your passengers. When things are less routine we have to shift our attention to the __18__ of what we're doing, taking our minds off the bigger picture for a moment. Hence the conversation __19__ as the driver gets to a tricky junction (交叉路口), or the engine starts to make a funny sound.

The Doorway Effect occurs when our attention moves between levels, and it reflects the __20__ of our memories —even memories for what we were about to do —on the environment we're in.

语篇解读：我们每个人都曾有过上楼去拿钥匙，但是到了楼上却忘了自己的初衷；打开冰箱门，伸手探向中间那一层，却忘记自己究竟为什么要打开冰箱等类似的情形。这是非常普遍的现象，被称之为“门口效应”。

1．A.remember B．forget

C．discover D．find

解析：选B文章第一段举了三个例子来引出“门口效应”这一现象，根据下文的“we can't remember”可知，此处指当你跑去楼上拿钥匙时，你却忘记(forget)要找什么。remember意为“记得；回忆起”；discover意为“发现；发觉”；find意为“发现；找到”。

2．A.reach for B．get over

C．stand by D．set aside

解析：选A本句继续讲“门口效应”的例子：打开冰箱门时竟然忘了为什么要打开冰箱。reach for意为“伸手(以碰触)”，符合语境。get over意为“从(疾病)中康复过来；完成(某事)”；stand by意为“袖手旁观”；set aside意为“留出；拨出(时间、金钱等)；对……置之不理”。

3．A.at once B．for the first time

C．above all D．in the first place

解析：选D根据语境及设空前的“we can't remember”可知，此处指打开冰箱后却忘记起初为什么要打开冰箱。in the first place意为“起初；一开始”，符合语境。at once意为“立刻；马上”；for the first time意为“第一次”；above all意为“最重要的是”。

4．A.related B．trivial

C．memorable D．burning

解析：选D本句讲述第三个“门口效应”的例子：当我们急于打断朋友，却忘记了什么急事使我们这样。burning意为“迫在眉睫的”，符合语境。故选D项。related意为“有关的；相关的”；trivial意为“微不足道的”；memorable意为“值得纪念的”。

5．A.changed B．occurred

C．disappeared D．reserved

解析：选C结合上文中出现的“can't remember”及空后的“from our minds just as we come to speak：‘What did I want to say？’”可知，当我们想说时，迫在眉睫的事情却从我们的脑海里消失了(disappeared)。change意为“变化；改变；转变”；occur意为“发生”；reserve意为“预订；保留”。

6．A.excited B．confused

C．unexpected D．depressed

解析：选B我们本来打断朋友想说什么，但是却反过来问听者“我刚才想说什么来着？”，再结合空后的“who all think‘how should we know’”可知，这让听者非常困惑。excited意为“兴奋的；激动的”；confused意为“困惑的；糊涂的”；unexpected 意为“想不到的；意外的”；depressed意为“沮丧的；消沉的”。故选B项。

7．A.Unless B．Since

C．Although D．But

解析：选C由文章第一段所举的例子可知，尽管(Although)生活中的这些错误会让我们感觉很尴尬，但这样的例子还是很常见。根据语境可知，设空处表让步，故选C项。

8．https://www.360docs.net/doc/876128987.html,mon B．strange

C．rare D．significant

解析：选A解析见上题。strange意为“奇怪的；不同寻常的”；rare意为“罕见的；

稀有的”；significant意为“重要的；重大的”。

9．A.issues B．features

C．aspects D．purposes

解析：选B根据空前的“reveals”及空后的“how our minds are organized”可知，此处指“门口效应”揭示出了我们的思维是如何组织起来的一些重要特征。issue意为“问题；议题”；aspect意为“方面”；purpose意为“目的”。

10．A.periods B．moments

C．attitudes D．memories

解析：选B根据文章第一段所举的例子可知，“门口效应”产生的这种失忆是暂时的现象。moment意为“片刻；瞬间”，符合语境。故选B项。period意为“时期”；attitude 意为“态度”；memory意为“记忆；回忆”。

11．A.depression B．puzzle

C．annoyance D．surprise

解析：选C根据空后括号里的“although they will still be annoying”可知，此处指人由于失忆而感到烦恼(annoyance)。故选C项。depression意为“沮丧；萧条”；puzzle意为“谜；困惑；难题”；surprise意为“惊喜；惊讶”。

12．A.in B．toward

C．by D．through

解析：选D根据空后的“our days”可知，此处指在我们度过每一天的过程中。through 指“自始至终；在整个期间”，符合语境。故选D项。

13．A.gaps B．lines

C．minds D．levels

解析：选D根据空后的“from our goals and ambitions，to plans and strategies, and to the lowest levels, our concrete actions”可知，此处指我们的注意力在不同层次(levels)间不断转换。根据本句中的lowest levels及最后一段中的between levels可知答案为D项。

14．A.directly B．well

C．straight D．away

解析：选B根据设空后的“often in familiar situations, we keep our attention on what we want and how we do it seems to take care of itself”可知，当处于熟悉的状况时，我们的注意力会集中于我们想做的事情上。这些时候往往是事情按部就班、顺利发展的时候，故选B 项。

15．A.automatically B．flexibly

C．regularly D．personally

解析：选A根据上文的“take care of itself”及设空后对司机开车的描述可知，此处指

熟练的司机能够自动操控汽车。automatically意为“自动地”；flexibly意为“有弹性地；灵活地”；regularly意为“有规律地；定期地”；personally意为“亲自地”。根据语境可知选A项。

16．A.stuck up B．held up

C．caught up in D．taken up

解析：选C根据空前的“take care of itself”，“skilled”及空后的“the less routine business of navigating the traffic ...”可知，此处指司机把精力集中于其他一些与驾驶不相关的事情上。be caught up in意为“卷入；陷入”，符合语境。stick up意为“竖起”；hold up 意为“支撑；阻挡”；take up意为“拿起；占据；从事”。

17．A.driving B．singing

C．taking D．talking

解析：选D根据下文中的“conversation”可知，此处指司机与乘客交谈(talking)。

18．A.details B．abstraction

C．situations D．problems

解析：选A根据上文的“routine business”可知，此处指当事情不是一些日常活动时，我们会把注意力转移到我们正在做的琐事上。detail意为“细节；琐事”，符合语境。abstraction意为“抽象；心不在焉”；situation意为“形势；处境；状况”；problem意为“问题”。

19．A.pauses B．starts

C．lasts D．misses

解析：选A根据设空后的“as the driver gets to a tricky junction (交叉路口), or the engine starts to make a funny sound”可知，此处指司机与乘客的对话停止(pauses)。start 意为“开始”；last意为“持续”；miss意为“错失”。

20．A.disbelief B．confusion

C．reliance D．attraction

解析：选C根据最后一段可知，“门口效应”发生在我们的注意力在不同层次间游移时，而这反映了记忆力依赖我们所处的环境。故选C项。disbelief意为“不相信；怀疑”；confusion意为“疑惑；困惑”；attraction意为“吸引力”。

Ⅱ.任务型阅读

(2018·宿迁模拟)People join groups to meet basic needs and feel like we belong. Groups provide a significant way to understand and define ourselves — both through groups we feel a connection to and those we do not. As steady social units, groups also help build shared value system and are key to the structure of society.

Sociologists have built on the distinction between the ways people interact with each other to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. The primary

group is usually fairly small and is made up of individuals who generally engage face-to-face in long-term, emotional ways. This group is usually made up of significant others — these individuals who have the most impact on our socialization. The best example of a primary group is the family.

Secondary groups are often larger and impersonal. They may also be task focused and time limited. These groups serve a practical purpose rather than an expressive one, meaning that their role is more goal or task targeted than emotional. An example of a secondary relationship is that of a stockbroker (股票经纪人) and her clients. The stockbroker likely relates to her clients in terms of business only. She probably will not socialize with her clients or hug them.

Primary relationships are most common in small and traditional societies, while secondary relationships are the norm in large and industrial societies. Secondary relationships often result in loneliness and isolation. This does not mean, however, that secondary relationships are bad.

Further, primary group relationships can evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share complaints, jokes, gossips and satisfactions.

A group's size can also determine how its members behave and relate. A small group is small enough to allow all of its members to directly interact. Examples of small groups include families, friends, discussion groups, and athletic teams. People are more likely to experience primary relationships in small group settings than in large settings.

As a group increases in size, its members participate and cooperate less, and are more likely to be dissatisfied. A large group's members may even be stopped, for example, from publicly helping out victims in an emergency. In this case, people may feel that because so many others are available to help. Similarly, members in larger groups are more likely to work less because they expect others to take over their tasks.