linux发热及续航问题的解决方案

曾几何时你的电脑风扇呼呼的转；曾几何时你的笔电摸着很烫手；曾几何时你也抱怨：“为什么我的linux还撑不过windows呢？”

这一切都归咎于一个共同的困扰：“linux的发热问题！”

特别是3.1X内核之前的“时代”，不管是”红帽“还是debian亦或是ubuntu或opensuse都有这问题。虽然究其原因，可能有：

1.linux的驱动没windows完善，

2.linux的电源管理不尽如人意，

3.可能还有linux桌面软件效率没有windows高等原因。

但除了等各大厂商完善驱动，各大社区开发好的开源驱动，各大桌面环境开发商或linux发行商完善电源管理之外我们还能做些什么呢，只能干等着？不linux世界里从来没有被动，与其坐等linux的完善不如我们自己动手让自己的linux更好用！

好吧现在开始行动吧：

首先想一想笔记本太耗电是由那些主要原因造成的:1,屏幕亮度太大，2,各部件发热严重，...(这不废话吗)

[1]亮度问题

好吧那现在开始解决屏幕亮度问题（其实就是开机屏幕最大亮度的问题，这都是老问题了，大家肯定都知道怎么解决。不过还是且容许我再废话几句吧，毕竟很多新手还搞不大明白）

我现在开机就会自动设定为30%的亮度

####---------------------kde桌面可以无视这里-------------------------##### #（kde自带的电源管理很出色可以记录亮度和蓝牙的设置状态）# ## #先root权限打开/etc/default/grub# #在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""这行引号内加入# #acpi_backlight=intel（intel主板且用的是集显的可以这么写，# #其他的可根据自己情况决定acpi_backlight=intel或# #acpi_backlight=vender)# #然后更新grub：sudo update-grub# #最后修改rc.local文件（位置etc/rc.local）：# #在rc.local中加入：# #echo3>/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness# #（写入exit0之前，数字的话根据自己情况而定，# #3代表30%的亮度）# #当然/sys/class/backlight/目录下双显的话（intel主板）#

#一般有三个文件夹：acpi_video0，acpi_video1和# #intel_backlight.电脑的fn键和电源管理软件默认调节# #的是前两个文件夹里的brightness文件（集显第一个，# #独显第二个）所以最好是设置集显的brightness。# #如果设置的是intel_backlight的话可能会导致开机后# #fn键无法调节亮度的情况。# #######-----------------------------------------------------------------########

[2]cpu调控

然后时发热的问题，发热的话原因就多了：主板，显卡，cpu，硬盘，蓝牙，usb接口，触摸板等硬件都是发热源。不过别担心这些问题都可以一一解决。

首先cpu发热的问题，cpu嘛莫过于主频太高，将主频设低或开启动态调频就可以解决了。方法安装cpufreq开启动态调频功能（ubuntu及其衍生版本不需要安装此软件系统已集成）cpufreq的配置文件位置为：/etc/cpufreq.conf（ubuntu无此文件）我的debian 的cpufreq.conf内容大致如下：---------------------我已经修改过了（为了更省电）----------------

$$$$$$$----ubuntu及其衍生版用户可以无视这里-----$$$$$$$$$$ $($号只是为了排版需要不是文档内容哦）$ $#this is a comment$ $#see CPUFREQD.CONF(5)manpage for a complete reference$

$#$ $#Note:ondemand/conservative Profiles are disabled because$ $#they are not available on many platforms.$ $$ $[General]$ $pidfile=/var/run/cpufreqd.pid$ $poll_interval=2$ $verbosity=4$ $#enable_remote=1$ $#remote_group=root$ $[/General]$ $$ $#[acpi]$ $#acpid_socket=/var/run/acpid.socket$ $#[/acpi]$ $$ $#[nforce2_atxp1]$ $#vcore_path=/some/path$ $#vcore_default=1500$ $#[/nforce2_atxp1]$ $$ $#[sensors_plugin]$

$#sensors_conf=/some/file$ $#[/sensors_plugin]$ $$ $[Profile]$ $name=On Demand High$ $minfreq=0%##最小cpu主频的百分率$ $maxfreq=50%##最大cpu主频的百分率$ $（大家可以自己修改但不可以低于cpu最低频率的百分率，$ $比如说我的cpu时二代i5最低频是800兆所以不能低于$ $30%,要不然是无效的设定，系统会默认正常的最高频率。）$ $policy=ondemand$ $[/Profile]$ $$ $[Profile]$ $name=On Demand Low$ $minfreq=0%$ $maxfreq=40%$ $policy=ondemand$ $[/Profile]$ $$ $[Profile]$ $Name=Performance High$

$minfreq=0%$ $maxfreq=60%$ $policy=performance$ $exec_post=echo5>/proc/acpi/intel/brightness##$ $$ $[/Profile]$ $$ $[Profile]$ $name=Performance Low$ $minfreq=0%$ $maxfreq=50%$ $policy=performance$ $[/Profile]$ $$ $[Profile]$ $name=Powersave High$ $minfreq=0%$ $maxfreq=33%$ $policy=powersave$ $[/Profile]$ $$ $[Profile]$

$name=Powersave Low$ $minfreq=0%$ $maxfreq=30%$ $policy=powersave$ $[/Profile]$ $$ $[Profile]$ $name=Conservative High$ $minfreq=0%$ $maxfreq=50%$ $policy=conservative$ $[/Profile]$ $$ $[Profile]$ $name=Conservative Low$ $minfreq=0%$ $maxfreq=40%$ $policy=conservative$ $[/Profile]$ $$ $$ $#Basic states$

$$ $#when AC use performance mode$ $[Rule]$ $name=AC Rule$ $ac=on#(on/off)$ $profile=Powersave High$ $[/Rule]$ $$ $#when AC use performance mode$ $[Rule]$ $name=AC Rule$ $ac=on#(on/off)$ $profile=Performance Low$ $[/Rule]$ $##意思时用电池时自动将cpu模式设为performance low$ $模式（大家应该都看得懂的，可以自己修改为喜欢的模式）$ $$ $#stay in performance mode for the first minutes$ $[Rule]$ $name=AC Off-High Power$ $ac=off#(on/off)$ $battery_interval=70-100$

$#exec_post=echo5>/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness$ $profile=On Demand Low$ $[/Rule]$ $$ $#conservative mode when not AC$ $[Rule]$ $name=AC Off-Medium Battery$ $ac=off#(on/off)$ $battery_interval=30-70$ $#exec_post=echo3>/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness$ $profile=Powersave Hight$ $[/Rule]$ $$ $#conservative mode when not AC$ $[Rule]$ $name=AC Off-Low Battery$ $ac=off#(on/off)$ $battery_interval=0-30$ $#exec_post=echo3>/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness$ $profile=Powersave Low$ $[/Rule]$ $##这个rule的意思时电池只剩30%以内了就将$

$电源模式设为powersave low$ $$ $##$ $#Special Rules$ $##$ $#CPU Too hot!$ $[Rule]$ $name=CPU Too Hot$ $acpi_temperature=55-100$ $cpu_interval=20-100$ $profile=Powersave Low$ $[/Rule]$ $##这个rule的意思是acpi温度达到55度到100度，$ $cpu占20%-100%时将cpu模式自动调为$ $powersave low模式$ $#use performance mode if I'm watching a movie$ $#I don't care for batteries!$ $#But don't heat too much.$ $[Rule]$ $name=Movie Watcher$ $programs=xine,mplayer,gmplayer$ $battery_interval=0-100$

$acpi_temperature=40-70$ $cpu_interval=20-100$ $profile=Performance High$ $[/Rule]$ $##这个rule的意思是当你运行如xine，mplayer，$ $gmplayer等软件时将cpu模式设为performance high模式$ $$ $Profile表示cpu的运行模式，可分为：$ $performance（性能），$ondemand（自主），$ $conservative（应诏），powersave（节能）几个模式$ $（每种模式又有high和low两种模式之分），$ $可以安装cpufrequtils启用各模式进行并进行各模式间$ $的切换（缺点是需要命令行操作，当然这也不能$ $称为缺点）。$ $不想命令行操作的话就安装indicator-cpufreq插件吧，$ $可以在图形界面操作哦（十分推荐）。不过debian用户$ $的话不能直接安装此软件好像库里没有包括$ $此软件.（其实修改cpufreq.conf就能够完全达到你$ $想要的效果了)。$ $$$$$$$$$$$$---------------------------------------------------$$$$$$$$$$$$$

####-----------ubuntu用户请看这-------------#####

Ubuntu用户的话可以安装cpufrequtiuls和indicator-cpufreq 进行cpu主频及其模式的设定。（怎么安装就不用我说了吧，库里都有）

[3]禁用A卡

好了cpu的问题解决了来解决显卡的问题吧，双显用户的话个人推荐直接关闭独显，所以这里就介绍如何关闭A卡吧（不好意思本人电脑是A卡独显，所以只会A卡的关闭方法，N卡用户们就对不住了只能有请各位自己百度找方法了）

关闭独显的话有两种情况一种是装了驱动催化剂的，一种是没装驱动的。由于装了驱动的话可以在驱动中默认使用集显所以这种情况我就不多啰嗦了，还是介绍一下没装驱动的情况下怎么关闭A卡吧：

1,首先用文本编辑器root权限打开/etc/fstab把：

debugfs/sys/kernel/debug debugfs00

（注意一般ubuntu等系统都安装了开源驱动，不需要修改/etc/fstab,直接执行下一步就可行。）

加到最后保存

2,然后再打开/etc/rc.local

在exit0之前加入：

#打卡I卡

echo IGD>/sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

#关闭A卡

echo OFF>/sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

保存退出

重启之后控制台输入：

sudo cat/sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

如果返回：

0:DIS::Off:0000:01:00.0

1:IGD:+:Pwr:0000:00:02.0

那你就成功禁止了A卡，温度直降5度以上哦。

[4]安装高级电源管理

好了现在显卡的问题也解决了，该解决其他的问题了。好吧那就在这介绍一个起大作用的高级电源管理软件吧（可解决一系列问题哦！）：那就是：TLP（或许有的同胞会问为什么不是laptop-mode-tools呢，在这弱弱的告诉你有了tlp之后你可以完全玩掉laptop-mode-tools,laptop-mode-tools在插电源的情况下运行弱爆了基本上属于无用状况）

那现在就开始安装吧（这个软件是debian系的软件，主要时用于

ubuntu及其衍生版本）：

首先在/etc/spt/sources.list.d里新建一个文本文件重命名为tlp.list然后在里面写入：

deb https://www.360docs.net/doc/846461971.html,/linrunner/tlp/ubuntu saucy main

保存

这里注意你的ubuntu的版本号，13.10是saucy，13.04是raring 请根据自己的系统改为相应的版本号。Debian的话就无所谓了直接用saucy最新的就行了。

然后在终端中输入：sudo apt-get update刷新库。如果提示没有密钥的话输入：

sudo apt-key adv--recv-keys--keyserver https://www.360docs.net/doc/846461971.html,加上缺少的密钥解决（注意空格隔开）

然后就可以安装了：

sudo apt-get install tlp

安装之后修改配置文件，位置为/etc/default/tlp

我的配置文件如下：（很容易看懂的）

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#tlp-Parameters for power save

#Hint:some features are disabled by default,remove the leading#to enable them

#Set to0to disable/1to enable TLP

TLP_ENABLE=1#开机启用TLP

#Seconds laptop mode has to to wait after the disk goes idle before doing a sync.

#Non-zero value enables,zero disables laptop mode.

DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_AC=2

DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_BAT=2

#Dirty page values(timeouts in secs).

MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_AC=15

MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=60

#Select a cpu frequency scaling governor:ondemand/powersave/performance/conservative #Important:

#-You*must*disable your distribution's governor settings or conflicts will occur

#-ondemand is sufficient for*almost all*workloads,you should know what you're doing! #设置插电源时cpu运行模式为powersave（可自己更改，前面已有cpu运行模式的说明）

CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_AC=powersave

#使用电池时设置cpu运行模式为powersave

CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_BAT=powersave

#Set the min/max frequency available for the scaling governor.

#Possible values strongly depend on your cpu.For available frequencies see

#tlp-stat output,Section"+++Processor".

#Hint:Parameters are disabled by default,remove the leading#to enable them,

#otherwise kernel default values are used.

CPU_SCALING_MIN_FREQ_ON_AC=1#插电时启用cpu最小频率

#CPU_SCALING_MAX_FREQ_ON_AC=0

CPU_SCALING_MIN_FREQ_ON_BAT=1#用电池时启用cpu最小频率

#CPU_SCALING_MAX_FREQ_ON_BAT=0

#Set the cpu"turbo boost"feature:0=disable/1=allow

#Requires an Intel Core i processor and kernel3.7or later.

#Important:

#-This may conflict with your distribution's governor settings

#-A value of1does*not*activate boosting,it just allows it

CPU_BOOST_ON_AC=0#插上电源时关闭睿频

CPU_BOOST_ON_BAT=0#使用电池时关闭睿频

#Minimize number of used cpu cores/hyper-threads under light load conditions

#低运时减少cpu的核心使用数1为开启0为关闭

SCHED_POWERSA VE_ON_AC=1

SCHED_POWERSA VE_ON_BAT=1

#Kernel NMI Watchdog

#0=disable(default,saves power)/1=enable(for kernel debugging only)

NMI_WATCHDOG=0

#Change CPU voltages aka"undervolting"-Kernel with PHC patch required

#Freq:voltage pairs are written to/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls #CAUTION:only use this,if you thoroughly understand what you are doing!

#PHC_CONTROLS="F:V F:V F:V F:V"

#Hard disk devices,separate multiple devices with spaces(default:sda).

#Devices can be specified by disk id too(lookup with:tlp diskid).

DISK_DEVICES="sda sdb"

#Hard disk advanced power management level:1(max saving)..254(off)

#Levels1..127may spin down the disk.

#Separate values for multiple devices with spaces.

DISK_APM_LEVEL_ON_AC="128128"

DISK_APM_LEVEL_ON_BAT="128128"

#Hard disk spin down timeout:

#0:spin down disabled

#1..240:timeouts from5s to20min(in units of5s)

#241..251:timeouts from30min to5.5hours(in units of30min)

#(see'man hdparm'for details)

#无数据读写时自动关闭硬盘的等待时间计量级为5秒，60就是5分钟

DISK_SPINDOWN_TIMEOUT_ON_AC="60"

DISK_SPINDOWN_TIMEOUT_ON_BAT="60"

#Select io scheduler for the disk devices:noop/deadline/cfq(Default:cfq)

#Separate values for multiple devices with spaces.

DISK_IOSCHED="cfq cfq"

#SATA aggressive link power management(ALPM):

#min_power/medium_power/max_performance

#SATA link的电源管理模式

SATA_LINKPWR_ON_AC=min_power

SATA_LINKPWR_ON_BAT=min_power

#PCI Express Active State Power Management(PCIe ASPM):

#default/performance/powersave

#Hint:needs kernel boot option pcie_aspm=force on some machines

PCIE_ASPM_ON_AC=powersave

PCIE_ASPM_ON_BAT=powersave

#Radeon graphics clock speed(profile method):low/mid/high/auto/default

#auto=mid on BAT,high on AC;default=use hardware defaults

#(Kernel>=2.6.35only,not with fglrx driver!)

#A卡的运行模式，low时低性能模式

RADEON_POWER_PROFILE_ON_AC=low

RADEON_POWER_PROFILE_ON_BAT=low

#New radeon dynamic power management method(dpm):battery/performance #(Kernel>=3.11only,requires boot option radeon.dpm=1)

RADEON_DPM_STATE_ON_AC=battery

RADEON_DPM_STATE_ON_BAT=battery

#New radeon dpm performance level:auto/low/high(auto is recommended) RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_AC=auto

RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_BAT=auto

#WiFi power saving mode:1=disable/5=enable

#(Linux2.6.32and later,some adapters only!)

WIFI_PWR_ON_AC=5

WIFI_PWR_ON_BAT=5

#Disable wake on lan:Y/N

WOL_DISABLE=Y

#Enable audio power saving for Intel HDA,AC97devices(timeout in secs). #A value of0disables/>=1enables power save.

SOUND_POWER_SA VE=1

#Disable controller too(HDA only):Y/N

SOUND_POWER_SA VE_CONTROLLER=Y

#Set to1to power off optical drive in UltraBay(ThinkPads only)

#when running on battery.A value of0disables this Feature(Default).

#Drive can be powered on again by releasing(and reinserting)the

#eject lever or by pressing the disc eject button on newer models.

#Note:an UltraBay hard disk is never powered off.

BAY_POWEROFF_ON_BAT=0

#Optical drive device to power off(default sr0)

BAY_DEVICE="sr0"

#Runtime Power Management for pci(e)bus devices

#(Kernel>=2.6.35only):on=disable/auto=enable

RUNTIME_PM_ON_AC=auto

RUNTIME_PM_ON_BAT=auto

#Runtime PM for*all*pci(e)bus devices,expect backlisted ones:

#0=disable/1=enable

#Warning:experimental option,could cause system instabilities

RUNTIME_PM_ALL=1

#Exclude pci(e)device adresses the following list from Runtime PM

#(separate with spaces).Use lspci to get the adresses(1st column).

#RUNTIME_PM_BLACKLIST="bb:dd.f11:22.344:55.6"

#Set to0to disable/1to enable usb autosuspend feature

USB_AUTOSUSPEND=1

#Devices from the following list are excluded from usb autosuspend

#(separate with spaces).Use lsusb to get the ids.

#Note:input devices(usbhid)are excluded automatically

#动态关闭USB接口，使用lsusb命令查看自己的USB接口ID千万别照抄我的USBID USB_BLACKLIST="8086:0189093a:25108087:00241d6b:00021d6b:00031bcf:2881 13fe:5100"

#WWAN devices are excluded from usb autosuspend:

#0=do not exclude/1=exclude

#Note:works for ids05c6:*0bdb:*1199:*only

USB_BLACKLIST_WWAN=1

#Set to1to disable autosuspend before shutdown/0to do nothing

#(workaround for usb devices that cause shutdown problems)

#USB_AUTOSUSPEND_DISABLE_ON_SHUTDOWN=1

#Restore radio device state(bluetooth,wifi,wwan)from previous shutdown

#on system startup:0=disable/1=enable

#Hint:the parameters DEVICES_TO_DISABLE/ENABLE_ON_STARTUP/SHUTDOWN below

#are ignored when this is enabled!

RESTORE_DEVICE_STATE_ON_STARTUP=0

#Radio devices to disable on startup:bluetooth wifi wwan

#开机关闭的硬件有bluetooth wifi wwan可选

DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_STARTUP="bluetooth"

#Radio devices to enable on startup:bluetooth wifi wwan

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_STARTUP="wifi"

#Radio devices to disable on shutdown:bluetooth wifi wwan

#(workaround for devices that are blocking shutdown)

DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_SHUTDOWN="bluetooth"

#Radio devices to enable on shutdown:bluetooth wifi wwan

#(to prevent other operating systems from missing radios)

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_SHUTDOWN="wwan"

#Radio devices to enable when wireless radio switch is turned on:

#bluetooth wifi wwan(Ubuntu+ThinkPad only)

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_RADIOSW="wifi wwan"

#Battery charge thresholds(ThinkPad only,tp-smapi or acpi-call kernel module required) #Charging starts when the remaining capacity falls below the START_CHARGE_TRESH #value and stops when exceeding the STOP_CHARGE_TRESH value.

#Main battery(values in%)

#开始充电时的电池容量，把#号去掉启用

#START_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT0=75

#停止充电的电池容量

STOP_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT0=80

#Ultrabay or slice battery(values in%)

#START_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT1=75

STOP_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT1=80

#Set to1to disable use of tpacpi-bat on Sandy Bridge or newer Thinkpads

#and force usage of tp-smapi instead

#插电源时禁用电池thinkpad专用

DISABLE_TPACPIBAT=1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#tlp-rdw-Parameters for the radio device wizard

#Possible devices:bluetooth/wifi/wwan

#Hint:parameters are disabled by default,remove the leading#to enable them

#Radio devices to disable on connect

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_LAN_CONNECT="wifi wwan"

DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_WIFI_CONNECT="wwan bluetooth"

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_WWAN_CONNECT="wifi"

#Radio devices to enable on disconnect

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_LAN_DISCONNECT="wifi wwan"

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_WIFI_DISCONNECT=""

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_WWAN_DISCONNECT=""

#Radio devices to enable/disable when docked

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_DOCK=""

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_DOCK=""

#Radio devices to enable/disable when undocked

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_UNDOCK="wifi"

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_UNDOCK=""

改完tlp的配置文件后可以在终端中输入：

sudo tlp start启用tlp

之后你会发现续航立马就上去，风扇也不会再狂转了。

对了如果你有安装cpufrequitls（cpufrequitls会默认开机启动并默认使用ondemand模式，而tlp里设置的cpu模式时powersave 的话，那就请将cpufrequitls和ondemand的开机自启服务K掉设为不开机启动吧。要不然开机的cpu模式就不是powersave而是ondemand了。不过这个也看自己情况，我是比较彻底直接就powersave了反正能够正常使用我的常用软件。具体操作的话就是安装rcconf或sysv-rc-conf把相应服务前的X去掉就行了）rcconf

sysc-rc-conf(更推荐，功能更强）