北京试图超越_中国制造_

10.08

ast year,China overtook Germany to become

the world ’s largest exporter,

and this year it

could surpass Japan as the world ’s No.2economy.But as China gains international heft 1,

its lack of global

brands threatens its dream of becoming a superpower.

No big brands means China is stuck doing the global grunt 2work in factory cities while designers and engineers overseas reap the profits.Much of Apple ’s i -Phone,for example,is made in China.But if a high -end version 3costs $750,China is lucky to hold on 4to $25.For a pair of Nikes,it ’s four pennies on the

dollar.

The problem is exacerbated 5by China ’s lack of successful innovation and its reliance on stitching 6and welding together products that are imagined,invented and designed by others.A failure to innovate means

China is trapped paying enormous amounts in patent

royalties 7to foreigners.

China ’s government has responded in a typically lavish 8fashion,launching a multibillion -dollar effort to create brands,

encourage innovation and protect its

market from foreign domination.

Through tax breaks

and subsidies,China has embraced what it calls “a go -年，中国取代德国成为全世界最大出口国，今年中

国可能超过日本成为全世界第二大经济体。尽管中国正获得世界影响力，但缺乏全球品牌防碍其超级大国的梦想。

没有大品牌意味着中国被迫干全球工厂的苦役，而国外设计者和工程师却获利丰厚。如苹果公司的许多iPhone 在中国制造，但价值为750美元的高端机型中国最多只能挣25美元。制造一双耐克鞋每美元仅能得4美分。

中国缺乏成功创新，依靠拼装别人构思、发明和设计的产品，所以问题越发严重。不能创新意味着中国深陷向外国人支付巨额专利使用费的困境。

对此中国政府以特有的慷慨方式回应，斥巨资打造品牌，鼓励创新，保护市场不受外国控制。通过减税和补贴，中国采取了所谓“走出去的战略”，支持公司收购国

L

去

Beijing Tries to Push Beyond

北京试图超越

By John Pomfret

Notes:1.heft 分量，重要性。

2.grunt 咕哝声。

3.version 版本，种类，型号。

4.hold on 抓住。

5.exacerbate [eks＇覸s 藜(蘼)beit ]恶化，增剧。

6.stitch 缝，缝合。

7.patent royalty 专利权使用费。https://www.360docs.net/doc/808936990.html,vish 非常大方的，浪费的。

0.08

ing -out strategy,”backing firms seeking to buy foreign businesses,snap up 9natural resources or expand their

footprint overseas.

Domestically,it has launched the “indigenous 10in -novation ”program to encourage its companies to manu -facture high -tech goods by forcing foreign firms to hand over their trade secrets and patents if they want to sell their products there.

China has also moved to re -brand China https://www.360docs.net/doc/808936990.html,te last year,

when the memories of China ’s poisoned pet

food and deadly milk were still fresh,

the Ministry of

Commerce contracted with the global advertising giant DDB for a $300,000ad showing a series of high -tech products,from top -of -the -line 11running shoes to an iPod.

In recent months,the Western media have hyper -ventilated 12with stories about China ’s going -out strategy and about Chinese firms buying up the globe —Oil!Gas!Cars!—and even investing in the United States.In 2000,China had $28billion in overseas investments;this year,it could break $200billion.

But a little perspective 13:Even if China ’s total for -eign direct investment hits $200billion,it still pales 14in

外企业，抢购自然资源或扩大海外立足点。

在国内，中国启动了“自主创新”计划，鼓励制造高技术产品的企业迫使想在中国销售产品的外国公司交出商业秘密和专利。

中国还动手打造自己的形象。尽管人们对去年年底中国有毒宠物饲料和致命奶粉记忆犹新，中国商务部就同全球广告巨头DDB 签订了30万美元的合同，展示从高级跑鞋到iPod 的高技术产品。

近几个月，西方媒体大肆报道中国“走出去”的战略，报道中国企业买下了全球的石油、天然气和汽车，甚至在美国投资。

2000年，中国在海外投资280亿

美元，今年将突破2000亿美元。

但稍加分析便知：即使中国对外直接投资总额达2000

亿美

“Made in China ”Status

“中国制造”

何小玲/译注

9.snap up 抢购。

10.indigenous [in＇did 廾in 藜s ]本土的。11.top -of -the -line （同类商品中）

最好的，最昂贵的。

12.hyperventilate 换气过度，使劲呼吸。13.perspective 观察，看法。14.pale 变得苍白，失色。

10.08

comparison to smaller economies,such as Singapore ’s,Russia ’s and Brazil ’s.And China has plunked down 15only about $17billion in rich countries,equivalent to the overseas assets of a single medium -ranked Fortune 500company.

The 34Chinese companies on the Fortune 500list basically operate in China only.The world ’s three

biggest banks are Chinese,but none is among the

world ’s top 50,ranked by the extent of their geo -graphical spread.

“Moving forward an -other 10years,”said Ken -neth J.DeWoskin,chair -man of Deloitte ’s China Research and Insight Cen -ter,“it ’s hard to see how viable 16Chinese compa -nies will be if they just stay in China.”

China ’s attempts to fight what it sees as the stran -glehold 17of foreign patents and intellectual property rights have also had hiccups 18.

China is estimated to have paid foreign firms more than $100billion in royalties to use mobile telephone technology developed in the West,according to execu -tives of Western communications companies.So in the late 1990s,

it decided to develop its own.

But after

more than $30billion in development costs,its unique technology still has fewer than 20million users in a market of more than 500million.

Handset makers have told China ’s government that they won ’t produce phones equipped with the new

元，同新加坡、俄罗斯和巴西等较小的经济体相比仍相形见绌。中国在富国投资仅170亿美元，与《财富》500强中排名居中企业的海外资产相当。

《财富》500强中34家中国企业仅在中国经营。世界上最大的三家银行虽为中国银行，但若以地理

分布的广度排名，中国没有一家银行能进入世界前50强。

德勤中国研究中心主席Ken -

neth J.DeWoskin

说：“再过10年，如果中国公司还只待在国内，很

难看到它们会有多少活力。”

中国试图打击类似侵犯外国专利和知识产权的行为，这种努力也有减弱的迹象。

根据西方通信公司高管估计，中国向西方开发的移动电话技术所付使用费已逾1000亿美元。因此在20世纪90年代后期，中国决定研发自己的技术。虽然研发费用超过300亿美元，但在5亿多用户的市场上其独特技术的用户仍不足2000万。

手机制造商告诉中国政府，除非补贴，否则不生产配这种新技术

15.plunk down 猛地放下，付给。

16.viable [＇vai 藜bl ]能养活的，可行的。17.stranglehold 勒颈，束缚，抑制。

18.hiccup [＇hik 蘧p ]打嗝；暂时下降、

中断、停顿等。

0.08

technology unless they are given subsidies.And China has resorted to giving away the technology to Romania and South Korea to encourage broader use.

“China is still stuck,”said Joerg Wuttke,former

president of the European Union Chamber of Com -merce in China and a 25-year veteran 19of doing busi -ness in China.“There is a huge disconnect between the money spent in universities and the lack of products.”

China also faces enormous challenges to creating globalized firms.Studies of Chinese executives show that they spend far more time with government offi -cials —who in China are the key to their profits —than with customers,who are the key to international success.

“Chinese executives like me need to spend a

generation outside China to learn how business is done around the world,”said Hua Dongyi,who chairs a massive Chinese mining company in Australia but has also built roads in Algeria and infrastructure in Sudan.

That ’s definitely true for Hua.In April,he was forced to apologize to his Australian workers after he told Chinese media that the workers were mon -ey -grubbing 20and lacked the “loyalty and sense of re -sponsibility existing in many Chinese enterprises.”

From Washington Post ,May 25,2010

的手机。中国只好将这种技术转卖给罗马尼亚和南韩，从而广泛地鼓励运用。

欧盟商会中国分会前会长

Joerg Wuttke 是在中国经商25年的

资深人士，他说：“中国仍处于困境之中，大学花那么多钱，却不能研制出多少产品。”

中国还面临打造全球化公司的艰巨挑战。对中国高管的研究表明，他们同政府官员待在一起的时间远比同客户待在一起的时间多。在中国，政府官员是利润的关键。可要在国际上成功，客户才是关键。

华栋益（音）负责中国在澳大利亚的一家大型矿业公司，还曾负责在阿尔及利亚修建道路，在苏丹搞基础设施建设。他说：“像我这样的中国高管需要在国外花一代人的时间学习全球企业经营。”

对华栋益而言这非常正确，他曾向中国媒体说，澳大利亚工人看重的只是钱，缺乏“许多中国企业员工的责任感和忠诚度”，为此他被迫在4月份向澳大利亚工人道歉。

大学英语

19.veteran [＇vet 藜r 藜n ]老手，富有经验的人。

20.money -grubbing 积蓄钱财的。

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